Registration Dossier

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Administrative data

Description of key information

Skin corrosion (OECD TG 431): Not corrosive to skin.

Skin irritation (OECD TG 439): Not irritating to skin.

Eye irritation (OECD TG 437): Not eye irritating.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
The study was conducted between 17 May 2017 and 19 May 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Identification: Lyrame
Physical state/Appearance: Yellow viscous liquid
Storage Conditions: Approximately 4 ºC in the dark, under nitrogen
Test system:
human skin model
Remarks:
EpiDerm™ Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model
Source species:
human
Cell type:
other: epithelial
Cell source:
other: derived from human skin
Source strain:
other: not applicable
Details on animal used as source of test system:
The target cells are epithelial, derived from human skin, and formed into a stratified, cornified epithelium.


Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on test system:
EpiDerm™ Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Kit
Supplier: MatTek
Date received: 16 May 2017
EpiDermTM Tissues (0.63cm2) lot number: 25812
Assay Medium lot number: 051117ALA
Upon receipt of the EpidermTM tissues, the sealed 24 well plate was stored in a refrigerator until use.
Control samples:
yes, concurrent negative control
yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50µl
- Concentration (if solution): 100%


NEGATIVE CONTROL (Sterile distilled water)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 50µl


POSITIVE CONTROL (Potassium Hydroxide)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 50µl
- Concentration (if solution): 8.0N
Duration of treatment / exposure:
3 or 60 minutes
Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
3 hrs
Number of replicates:
Duplicate tissues were treated with: test substance, positive control or negative control.
Type of coverage:
other: Test or control substance was added directly to the tissue
Preparation of test site:
not specified
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on study design:
Pre-Test Procedure
Assessment of Direct Test Item Reduction of MTT
MTT Dye Metabolism, Cell Viability Assay
The MTT assay, a colorimetric method of determining cell viability, is based on reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) to a blue formazan dye by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells.
One limitation of the assay is possible interference of the test item with MTT. A test item may directly reduce MTT, thus mimicking dehydrogenase activity of the cellular mitochondria. This property of the test item is only a problem if at the time of the MTT test (after rinsing) there is still a sufficient amount of the test item present on or in the tissues. In this case, the true metabolic MTT reduction and the false direct MTT reduction can be differentiated and quantified.
Test for Direct MTT Reduction
As specified, a test item may interfere with the MTT endpoint, if it was able to directly reduce MTT and at the same time was present on or in the tissues when the MTT viability test was performed. To identify this possible interference, the test item was checked for the ability to directly reduce MTT according to the procedure below:
50 µL of the test item was added to 1 mL of a freshly prepared 1.0 mg/mL MTT solution. The solution was incubated in the dark at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air for 60 minutes. Untreated MTT solution was tested concurrently to act as a control.
If the MTT solution containing the test item turns blue/purple relative to the control, the test item was presumed to have reduced the MTT.
The test item was shown to directly reduce MTT in the direct MTT reduction test. There was a possibility that if the test item could not be totally rinsed off the tissues, any residual test item present on or in the tissue may directly reduce MTT and could have given rise to a false negative result. Therefore, the determination of skin corrosion potential was performed in parallel on viable and freeze- killed tissues.
This step was a functional check which employs freeze-killed tissues that possess no metabolic activity but absorb and bind the test item like viable tissues.
Freeze-killed tissues were prepared prior to the study by placing untreated EPIDERMTM tissues in an empty 12 well plate and storing in a freezer (-14 to -30 °C) for a minimum of 24 hours. Before use each tissue was thawed by placing in 0.9 mL of assay medium for approximately 1 hour at room temperature.
In addition to the normal test procedure, the MTT reducing test item was applied to two freeze killed tissues per exposure period. In addition, two freeze killed tissues per exposure period remained untreated. The untreated freeze killed control showed a small amount of MTT reduction due to residual reducing enzymes within the killed tissues.

Assessment of Color Interference with the MTT Endpoint
A test item may interfere with the MTT endpoint if it is colored. The MTT assay is affected only if the test item is present in the tissues when the MTT viability assay is performed.
50 µL of test item was added to 300 µL of sterile water. The solution was incubated in the dark at 37 oC, 5% CO2 in air for 60 minutes. A visual assessment of the color was then made.

Main Test
Pre-Incubation
The assay medium was pre-warmed before use. 0.9 mL of this assay medium was pipetted into the appropriate wells of two pre-labeled 6-well plates for both the 3 Minute and 60 Minute exposure periods. EpiDerm™ tissues were transferred into the 6 well plates containing the assay medium. The 6 well plates containing the EpiDerm™ samples were pre-incubated (37 °C, 5% CO2) for approximately 1 hour before dosing.

Application of Test Item and Rinsing
Before pre-incubation was complete, a 24 well plate was prepared for use as a “holding plate” for both the 3 Minute and 60 Minute exposure periods. This plate was used to maintain the viability of the tissue inserts between rinsing following chemical exposure and MTT loading. Another 24 well plate was prepared for the MTT loading. 300 µL of either pre warmed assay medium (holding plate) or MTT medium (MTT loading plate) was dispensed into each well. The two plates were placed into the incubator until required.
After pre incubation of the EpiDerm™ tissues, the medium was aspirated and replaced with 0.9 mL of fresh assay medium. The 6-well plate for the 3 Minute exposure period was returned to the incubator, while the other was being dosed for the 60 Minute exposure. For the 60 Minute exposure period, 50 µL of sterile distilled water (negative control) was added to the first two tissues. The tissues were dosed at regular intervals to allow for the time taken to rinse each tissue following exposure and to ensure that each tissue gets an equal exposure time. 50 µL of the test item and 50 µL of 8.0 N Potassium Hydroxide (positive control) were also applied to the corresponding tissues in turn. The plate was returned to the incubator (37 °C, 5% CO2) for the 60 Minute exposure period.
When dosing for the 60 Minute exposure period was complete, the same procedure was repeated for the 3 Minute exposure period. Because the exposure time was so short, the tissues were dosed at regular intervals to ensure that each tissue received an equal exposure time and to allow for the time taken to rinse each tissue following exposure. Rinsing was achieved by filling and emptying each tissue under a constant soft stream of DPBS to gently remove any residual test item. Excess DPBS was removed by blotting the bottom of the tissue insert with tissue paper. Each tissue was placed into the prepared holding plate until all tissues were rinsed. They were then blotted and transferred to the 24 well plate prepared for MTT loading. The plate was incubated (37 °C, 5% CO2) for 3 hours. Once the 60 Minute exposure period was complete, the same rinsing and MTT loading procedure was repeated.
After the 3 Hour MTT incubation was complete, the inserts were blotted and transferred to labeled 24 well plates for MTT extraction. 2 mL of MTT extractant (isopropanol) was used to completely immerse each insert and the plate was covered with plate sealer to prevent Isopropanol evaporation. The plates stood overnight at room temperature, to allow extraction to proceed.

Absorbance/Optical Density Measurements
After extraction, each tissue was pierced with a pipette fitted with a 1000 µL tip and the extraction solution was forced vigorously up and down to form a homogenous solution. 3 x 200 µL aliquots of the extract were transferred to the appropriate wells of a pre labeled 96 well plate. 200 µL of isopropanol alone was added to the three wells designated as blanks. Absorbency at 570nm (OD570) of each well was measured using the Labtech LT 4500 microplate reader.

Irritation / corrosion parameter:
% tissue viability
Run / experiment:
3 minute exposure
Value:
93.5
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Quality Criteria
The mean OD570 for the negative control treated tissues was 1.851 for the 3 Minute exposure period and 2.039 for the 60 Minute exposure period. The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.
The relative mean tissue viability for the positive control treated tissues was 3.2% relative to the negative control following the 60 Minute exposure period. The positive control acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.
In the range 20 to 100% viability the Coefficient of Variation between the two tissue replicates of each treatment group did not exceed 30%. The acceptance criteria was therefore satisfied.

Direct MTT Reduction

An assessment found the test item was able to directly reduce MTT.  Therefore, an additional procedure using freeze killed tissues was performed.  However, the results obtained showed that negligible interference due to direct reduction of MTT occurred.  It was therefore considered unnecessary to use the results of the freeze killed tissues for quantitative correction of results or for reporting purposes.

Assessment of Color Interference with the MTT endpoint

The solution containing the test item did not become colored.  This was taken to indicate the test item did not have the potential to cause color interference.

Test Item, Positive Control Item and Negative Control Item

The relative mean viabilities for each treatment group were as follows:

Exposure Period

Percentage Viability

Negative Control

Positive Control

Test Item

3 minute

100*

4.3

93.5

60 minute

100*

3.2

70.8

*The mean viability of the negative control tissues is set at 100%

Mean OD570Values and Viabilities for the Negative Control Item, Positive Control Item and Test Item

Tissue

Exposure Period

MeanOD570of individual tissues

Mean OD570of duplicate tissues

Standard Deviation

Coefficient of Variation
(%)

Relative Mean Viability (%)

Negative Control

3 Minutes

1.748

1.851

0.145

7.8

100*

1.953

60 Minutes

1.968

2.039

0.100

4.9

2.109

Positive Control

3 Minutes

0.106

0.080

0.037

na

4.3

0.054

60 Minutes

0.076

0.065

0.016

na

3.2

0.053

Test Item

3 Minutes

1.816

1.731

0.120

6.9

93.5

1.646

60 Minutes

1.480

1.444

0.051

3.5

70.8

1.408

 

Relative mean % tissue viability = (mean OD570 of test item / mean OD570 of negative control) x 100

Coefficient of variation = (standard deviation / mean OD570 of duplicate tissues) x 100

 

OD = Optical density

* =  The mean percentage viability of the negative control tissue is set at 100%

na = Not applicable

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The test item, Lyrame, was classified as non-corrosive to the skin. The following classification criteria apply:
EU CLP (1272/2008/EC)/UN GHS: Not classified for corrosivity.
EU DSD (67/548/EEC): Not classified for corrosivity.
UN Packing Group: Non-Corrosive.
Executive summary:

The skin corrosivity of the test substance was determined according to OECD Guideline 431 using the EpiDerm™ Human Skin Model. The relative mean viability of 30 and 60 minutes were 93.5 and 70.8% respectively, in relation to the control. Therefore the substance is not corrosive to skin, according to EU CLP criteria.

Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Experimental start date 22 May 2017. Experimental completion date 13 June 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Identification: Lyrame
Physical state/Appearance: Yellow viscous liquid
Storage Conditions: Approximately 4 oC, in the dark, under nitrogen
Test system:
human skin model
Source species:
human
Cell type:
other: Normal Human-Derived Epidermal Keratinocytes
Cell source:
other: no information
Source strain:
other: not applicable
Details on animal used as source of test system:
Supplier: SkinEthic Laboratories, Lyon, France
Date received: 07 June 2017
EpiSkinTM Tissues (0.38cm2) lot number: 17-EKIN-023
Maintenance Medium lot number: 17-MAIN3-023
Assay Medium lot number: 17-ESSC-022
Justification for test system used:
Following a full validation study the EpiSkinTM reconstructed human epidermis model showed evidence of being a reliable and relevant stand-alone test for predicting rabbit skin irritation when the endpoint is measured by MTT reduction and for being used as a replacement for the Draize Skin Irritation Test for the purpose of distinguishing between Irritating and Non-Irritating test items.
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on test system:
Assessment of Direct Test Item Reduction of MTT
MTT Salt Metabolism, Cell Viability Assay
The MTT assay, a colorimetric method of determining cell viability, is based on reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) to a blue formazan salt by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells.
One limitation of the assay is possible interference of the test item with MTT. A test item may directly reduce MTT, thus mimicking dehydrogenase activity of the cellular mitochondria. This property of the test item is only a problem, if at the time of the MTT test (after rinsing) there are still sufficient amounts of the test item present on or in the tissues. In this case, the true metabolic MTT reduction and the false direct MTT reduction can be differentiated and quantified by using killed tissues to act as controls.

Test for Direct MTT Reduction
As specified, a test item may interfere with the MTT endpoint, if it is able to directly reduce MTT and at the same time is present on or in the tissues when the MTT viability test is performed. To identify this possible interference, the test item is checked for the ability to directly reduce MTT according to the following procedure:
10 μL of the test item was added to 2 mL of a 0.3 mg/mL MTT solution freshly prepared in assay medium. The solution was incubated in the dark at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air for 3 hours. Untreated MTT solution was used as a control.
If the MTT solution containing the test item turns blue/purple, the test item is presumed to have reduced the MTT and the determination of skin irritation potential would be performed in parallel on viable and water-killed tissues for quantitative correction of the results.

Assessment of Color Interference with the MTT endpoint
A test item may interfere with the MTT endpoint if it is colored. The MTT assay is affected only if the test item is present in the tissues when the MTT viability assay is performed.
10 μL of test item was added to 90 μL of sterile water. After mixing for 15 minutes on a plate shaker a visual assessment of the color was made.

Pre-incubation (Day 0: Tissue Arrival)
Before removal from the transport plate each tissue was inspected for any air bubbles between the agarose gel and the insert:
Tissues Satisfactory: Yes
Temperature Indicator Color Satisfactory: Yes
Agar Medium Color Satisfactory: Yes
2 mL of maintenance medium, warmed to approximately 37 °C, was pipetted into the first column of 3 wells of a pre-labeled 12-well plate. Each epidermis unit was transferred into the maintenance medium filled wells (3 units per plate). A different 12-well plate was used for the test item and each control item. The tissues were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air overnight.

Main Test
Application of Test Item and Rinsing (Day 1)
2 mL of maintenance medium, warmed to approximately 37 °C, was pipetted into the second column of 3 wells of the 12-well plate.
Triplicate tissues were treated with the test item for an exposure period of 15 minutes. The test item was applied topically to the corresponding tissues ensuring uniform covering. 10 μL (26.3 μL/cm2) of the test item was applied to the epidermis surface. Triplicate tissues treated with 10 μL of DPBS served as the negative controls and triplicate tissues treated with 10 μL of SDS 5% w/v served as the positive controls. To ensure satisfactory contact with the positive control item the SDS solution was spread over the entire surface of the epidermis using a pipette tip (taking particular care to cover the center). After a 7-Minute contact time the SDS solution was re-spread with a pipette tip to maintain the distribution of the SDS for the remainder of the contact period (re-spreading is not required for the negative control or test item). The plates were kept in the biological safety cabinet at room temperature for 15 minutes.
At the end of the exposure period, each tissue was removed from the well using forceps and rinsed using a wash bottle containing DPBS with Ca++ and Mg++. Rinsing was achieved by filling and emptying each tissue insert for approximately 40 seconds using a constant soft stream of DPBS to gently remove any residual test item. The rinsed tissues were transferred to the second column of 3 wells containing 2 mL of maintenance medium in each well. The rinsed tissues were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air for 42 hours.
MTT Loading/Formazan Extraction (Day 3)
Following the 42-Hour post-exposure incubation period each 12-well plate was placed onto a plate shaker for 15 minutes to homogenize the released mediators in the maintenance medium. 1.6 mL of the maintenance medium from beneath each tissue was transferred to pre-labeled micro tubes and stored in a freezer at -14 to -30 ºC for possible inflammatory mediator determination.
2 mL of a 0.3 mg/mL MTT solution, freshly prepared in assay medium, was pipetted into the third column of 3 wells of the 12-well plates. The tissues were transferred to the MTT filled wells, being careful to remove any excess maintenance medium from the bottom of the tissue insert by blotting on absorbent paper. The tissues were incubated for 3 hours at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in air. At the end of the 3-Hour incubation period each tissue was placed onto absorbent paper to dry. A total biopsy of the epidermis was made using the EPISKINTM biopsy punch. The epidermis was carefully separated from the collagen matrix using forceps and both parts (epidermis and collagen matrix) placed into labeled 1.5 mL micro tubes containing 500 μL of acidified isopropanol, ensuring that both the epidermis and collagen matrix were fully immersed. Each tube was plugged to prevent evaporation and mixed thoroughly on a vortex mixer. The tubes were refrigerated at 1 to 10 °C until Day 6 of the experiment, allowing the extraction of formazan crystals out of the MTT-loaded tissues.
Absorbance/Optical Density Measurements (Day 6)
At the end of the formazan extraction period each tube was mixed thoroughly on a vortex mixer to produce a homogenous colored solution.
For each tissue, duplicate 200 μL samples were transferred to the appropriate wells of a pre-labeled 96-well plate. 200 μL of acidified isopropanol alone was added to the two wells designated as ‘blanks’. The optical density was measured (quantitative viability analysis) at 570 nm (without a reference filter) using the Labtech LT-4500 microplate reader.
Control samples:
yes, concurrent negative control
yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 10μl
NEGATIVE CONTROL (DPBS)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 10μl
POSITIVE CONTROL (SDS)
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 10μl
- Concentration (if solution): 5% solution in purified water
Duration of treatment / exposure:
15 minutes
Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
42 hours
Number of replicates:
triplicate
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: other: relative mean viability
Value:
52.3
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Other effects / acceptance of results:
Direct MTT Reduction
The MTT solution containing the test item did not turn blue or purple which indicated that the test item did not directly reduce MTT.

Assessment of Color Interference with the MTT endpoint
The solution containing the test item was colorless. It was therefore unnecessary to run color correction tissues.

Test Item, Positive Control Item and Negative Control Item
The relative mean viability of the test item treated tissues was 52.3% after a 15-Minute exposure period and 42-Hour post-exposure incubation period. It was considered unnecessary to perform IL-1α analysis as the results of the MTT test were unequivocal.

Quality Criteria
The relative mean tissue viability for the positive control treated tissues was 7.4% relative to the negative control treated tissues and the standard deviation value of the viability was 2.8%. The positive control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.
The mean OD570 for the negative control treated tissues was 0.637 and the standard deviation value of the viability was 3.0%. The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.
The standard deviation calculated from individual tissue viabilities of the three identically test item treated tissues was 15.6%. The test item acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.

Mean OD570 Values and Viabilities for the Negative Control Item, Positive Control Item and Test Item

Item OD570 of tissues Mean OD570 of
triplicate tissues		 ± SD of OD570 Relative individual
tissue viability (%)		 Relative mean
viability (%)		 ± SD of Relative
mean viability (%)
Negative Control item 0.658 0.637 0.019 103.3 100* 3
0.62 97.3
0.633 99.4
Positive
Control item		 0.049 0.047 0.018 7.7 7.4 2.8
0.028 4.4
0.063 9.9
Test item 0.381 0.333 0.099 59.8 52.3 15.6
0.4 62.8
0.219 34.4

OD = Optical Density

SD = Standard deviation

∗ = The mean viability of the negative control tissues is set at 100%

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The relative mean tissue viability after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissue was 52.3%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the substance was above 50% after 15 minutes treatment, the substance is considered to be non irritant.
Executive summary:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were based on the OECD TG 439. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 10 µL undiluted test substance. After 42 hours incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment.

Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissue was 52.3%.

Since the mean relative tissue viability for Lyrame was higher than 50% after 15 minutes treatment the substance is considered to be non irritant. The positive control had a mean cell viability of 5.5% after 15 minutes exposure. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was less than 18%, indicating that the test system functioned properly.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
The study was conducted on the 6 June 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Identification: Lyrame
Physical state/Appearance: yellow viscous liquid
Storage Conditions: approximately 4 °C in the dark, under nitrogen
Species:
other: Eyes from adult cattle
Strain:
other: Not applicable
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
Eyes from adult cattle were obtained from a local abattoir as a by-product from freshly slaughtered animals. The eyes were excised by an abattoir employee and placed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), supplemented with Penicillin/Streptomycin, and transported to the laboratory on ice packs. The corneas were prepared immediately on arrival.
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
yes, concurrent positive control
yes, concurrent negative control
Amount / concentration applied:
0.75 mL of the test item or control items were applied to the cornea.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
10 minutes
Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
120 minutes
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
3 cornea for test and contol items
Details on study design:

Preparation of corneas
All eyes were macroscopically examined before and after dissection. Only corneas free of damage were used.

The cornea from each selected eye was removed leaving a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera to facilitate handling. The iris and lens were peeled away from the cornea. The isolated corneas were immersed (epithelial side uppermost) in a dish containing HBSS until they were mounted in Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) holders.

The anterior and posterior chambers of each BCOP holder were filled with complete Eagle’s minimum essential medium (MEM) and plugged. The holders were incubated at 32 ± 1 ºC for 70 minutes. At the end of the incubation period each cornea was examined for defects. Only corneas free of damage were used.

Selection of corneas and opacity readings
The medium from both chambers of each holder was replaced with fresh complete MEM.
A pre treatment opacity reading was taken for each cornea using a calibrated opacitometer. The average opacity for all corneas was calculated. Three corneas with opacity values close to the median value of all corneas were allocated to the negative control. Three corneas were also allocated to the test item and three corneas to the positive control item.

Treatment of corneas
The MEM was removed from the anterior chamber of the BCOP holder and 0.75 mL of the test item or control items were applied to the cornea. The holders were gently tilted back and forth to ensure a uniform application of the item over the entire cornea. Each holder was incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 10 minutes.

At the end of the exposure period the test item and control items were removed from the anterior chamber and the cornea was rinsed three times with fresh complete MEM containing phenol red before a final rinse with complete MEM. The anterior chamber was refilled with fresh complete MEM. A post-treatment opacity reading was taken and each cornea was visually observed.

The holders were incubated, anterior chamber facing forward, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 120 minutes.
After incubation the holders were removed from the incubator and a final opacity reading was taken. Each cornea was visually observed.


Application of sodium fluorescein
Following the opacity measurement the permeability of the corneas to sodium fluorescein was evaluated. The medium from the anterior chamber was removed and replaced with 1 mL of sodium fluorescein solution (4 mg/mL). The dosing holes were plugged and the holders incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 90 minutes.

Permeability determinations
After incubation the medium in the posterior chamber of each holder was decanted and retained.

360 µL of medium representing each cornea was applied to a designated well on a 96-well plate and the optical density at 492 nm (OD492) was measured using the Labtech LT-4500 microplate reader.


Histopathology
The corneas were retained after testing for possible conduct of histopathology. Each cornea was placed into a pre labeled tissue cassette fitted with a histology sponge to protect the endothelial surface. The cassette was immersed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin.


Evaluation of results
Results from the two test method endpoints, opacity and permeability, were combined in an empirically derived formula to generate an In Vitro Irritancy Score.

Opacity measurement
The change in opacity for each cornea (including the negative control) was calculated by subtracting the initial opacity reading from the final opacity reading. These values were then corrected by subtracting the average change in opacity observed for the negative control corneas. The mean opacity value of each treatment group was then calculated by averaging the corrected opacity values of each cornea for that treatment group.

Permeability measurement
The corrected OD492 was calculated by subtracting the mean OD492 of the negative control corneas from the OD492 value of each treated cornea. The OD492 value of each treatment group was calculated by averaging the corrected OD492 values of the treated corneas for the treatment group.

In vitro irritancy score
The following formula was used to determine the In Vitro Irritancy Score:
In Vitro Irritancy Score = mean opacity value + (15 x mean OD492 value)
Additionally, the opacity and permeability values were evaluated independently to determine whether the test item induced a response through only one of the two endpoints.

Visual observation
The condition of the cornea was visually assessed immediately after rinsing and at the final opacity measurement.
Irritation parameter:
in vitro irritation score
Value:
0.4
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
not valid

Criterion for an acceptable test

The positive control In Vitro Irritancy Score was above the range of 27.2 to 53.4. The positive control acceptance criterion was therefore not satisfied. This is reported as a deviation.

The negative control gave opacity of ≤2.8 and permeability ≤0.115. The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.

Individual and Mean Corneal Opacity and Permeability Measurements

Treatment

Cornea Number

 

Opacity

Permeability (OD)

In VitroIrritancy Score

Pre-Treatment

Post-Treatment

Post Incubation

Post-Incubation - Pre‑Treatment

Corrected Value

 

Corrected Value

Negative Control

2

3

3

4

1

 

0.006

 

 

4

3

3

4

1

 

0.005

 

 

5

3

3

5

2

 

0.005

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.3*

 

0.005#

 

1.4

Positive Control

1

2

25

31

29

27.7

2.2

2.195

 

3

4

24

32

28

26.7

2.145

2.142

 

6

2

28

33

31

29.7

1.465

1.460

 

 

 

 

 

 

28.0~

 

1.931~

57.0

Test Item

7

4

3

5

1

0

0.036

0.031

 

8

2

2

4

2

0.7

0.009

0.004

 

9

3

4

4

1

0.0

0.006

0.001

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2~

 

0.012~

0.4

OD= Optical density            

* = Mean of the post-incubation -pre‑treatment values          

#= Mean permeability                     

~= Mean corrected value

Corneal Epithelium Condition Post Treatment and Post Incubation:

Treatment

Cornea Number

Observation

Post Treatment

Post Incubation

Negative Control

2

clear

clear

4

clear

clear

5

clear

clear

Positive Control

1

cloudy

cloudy

3

cloudy

cloudy

6

cloudy

cloudy

Test Item

7

clear+

clear

8

clear+

clear

9

clear+

clear

+= small amount of test item adhered to the cornea.

Interpretation of results:
other: Non irritant
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The test item, lyrame was considered not to be an ocular corrosive or severe irritant.
Executive summary:

The eye irritancy potential of the test item lyrame was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 437 using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay method and has an IVIS of 0.4, according to EU CLP criteria.

According to OECD 437 the test item has no category. Not requiring classification to UN GHS or EU CLP.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Additional information

Skin corrosion:

The skin corrosivity of the test substance was determined according to OECD Guideline 431 using theEpiDerm™ Human Skin Model. The relative mean viability of 30 and 60 minutes were 93.5 and 70.8% respectively, in relation to the control. Therefore the substance is not corrosive to skin, according to EU CLP criteria.

Skin irritation:

The possible skin irritation potential of the substance was tested through topical application for 15 minutes. The study procedures described in this report were based on the OECD TG 439. Skin tissue was treated by topical application of 10 µL undiluted test substance. After 42 hours incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) MTT at the end of treatment.

Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test substance. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 minutes treatment with the substance compared to the negative control tissue was 52.3%.

Since the mean relative tissue viability for Lyrame was higher than 50% after 15 minutes treatment the substance is considered to be non irritant. The positive control had a mean cell viability of 5.5% after 15 minutes exposure. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically was less than 18%, indicating that the test system functioned properly.

Eye irritation:

The eye irritancy potential of the test item lyrame was assessed according to OECD Test Guideline 437 using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay method and has an IVIS of 0.4, according to EU CLP criteria.

According to OECD 437 the test item has no category. Not requiring classification to UN GHS or EU CLP.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the negative results in the skin irritation/corrosion tests and the eye irritation test the substance does not need to be classified for these endpoints according to EU Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 and according to EU Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD).