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EC number: 908-912-9 | CAS number: 1333-16-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 5 March 2016
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO 10706, 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol
- EC Number:
- 908-912-9
- Cas Number:
- 1333-16-0
- Molecular formula:
- C39H36O6
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- HPLC
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Ultrapure water
- Details on test solutions:
- Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving BPF (20 and 30 mg/L) in ultrapure water by mixing the solutions on a magnetic stirrer for at least 24 h. Chemicals were purchased from SigmaeAldrich (99% purity or higher). All chemicals used for toxicity testing were of analytical grade.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Water fleas D. magna Straus 1820 (Clone A) were obtained from the ECT Oekotoxikologie, Florsheim, Germany. Water fleas were kept in 3-L aquariums covered with glass plates (20 daphnids in 2.5 L of Elendt M4 medium) at 21 ± 1 °C in a 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod. Water fleas were fed daily as follows: four times with green algae D. subspicatus (0.13 mg of C/daphnid), twice per week with Tetramin
(20 mg blended in deionized water/aquarium) and once a week with dry yeast (5 mg blended in deionized water/aquarium)
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- The test was carried out in a temperature controlled room at 21 ± 1 °C.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.84, 1.7, 3.4, 6.7,13.4 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- D. magna reproduction tests were run in a semi-static exposure system (ISO 10706, 2000). Individual daphnid was exposed in a 100 mL beaker containing 50 mL of tested concentration of BPF (0.84, 1.7, 3.4, 6.7,13.4 mg/L) and dilution water (control), which were replaced three times a week (on Monday, Wednesday and Friday) with newly prepared test samples. For each tested concentration, ten replicates were used, and the experiments were repeated at least three times for each tested chemical. Water fleas were fed daily with a diet of algae D. subspicatus (0.15 mg C/female). On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays survival of adults were checked and neonates were counted. At the same time the pH value, temperature and concentration of dissolved oxygen were measured. To verify the stability of tested chemicals, initial concentrations of freshly prepared samples of BPF, in which water fleas were exposed for 2 or 3 days, were analyzed by chemical analysis as described in details on analytical method section. Our results showed that the measured concentrations of BPF at the start of the experiment were within 90% of the nominal concentrations and did not drop by more than 20% after 2 or 3 days of
exposure to water fleas. The endpoints of 21 d chronic toxicity testswere survival of females, reproduction, i.e., cumulative number of living offspring per surviving female, the average brood size per
female, the number of broods per female, days to first brood and body length. The average brood size was calculated by dividing the number of neonates per female with the number of broods per
female. Body length of daphnid was measured from the top of the head to the base of the tail spine using a stereoscopic microscope (Nikon SMZ 1000 with a DS-Fi1 digital camera) and a NIS-Elements
Documentation 2.2 imaging software. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 13.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.84 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.68 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.68 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.36 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
Any other information on results incl. tables
21 d NOEC/NOLC, LOEC/LOLC values obtained for BPF to water fleas.
BPF (mg/L) | ||
NOEC/LOLC | LOEC/LOLC | |
Reproduction | ||
Number of neonates/female | 0.84 | 1.68 |
Brood Size | 0.84 | 1.68 |
Days to first brood | 0.84 | 1.68 |
Number of broods/females | 0.84 | 1.68 |
Body Length | 1.68 | 3.36 |
Mortality | 6.7 | 13.4 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The 21 d NOEC was determined at 0.84 mg/L of BPF for all investigated reproduction endpoints. At the highest tested concentration (13.4 mg/L of BPF), all of the exposed water fleas died in few days, but up to 6.7 mg/L of BPF no mortality was observed. From this the following NOEC/LOEC values were determined 0.85 mg/L and 1.68 mg/L (reproduction), 1.68 mg/L and 3.36 mg/L (growth), and 6.70 and 13.4 mg/L (Mortality).
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the chronic toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna. The method followed was compatiable with ISO 10706, 2000.
The 21 d NOEC was determined at 0.84 mg/L of BPF for all investigated reproduction endpoints. At the highest tested concentration (13.4 mg/L of BPF), all of the exposed water fleas died in few days, but up to 6.7 mg/L of BPF no mortality was observed. From this the following NOEC/LOEC values were determined 0.85 mg/L and 1.68 mg/L (reproduction), 1.68 mg/L and 3.36 mg/L (growth), 6.70 and 13.4 mg/L (Mortality).
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