Tin, dioctylbis(2,4-pentanedionato-.kappa.O2,.kappa.O4)-

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral

Remarks:

combined repeated dose and reproduction / developmental screening

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2010-2012

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: study according guideline, glp. Only draft report available, discrepance between study summarey and raw data. Study in reevaluation,; study not finaliesd

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Additional dtermination of Sn in plasma

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Additional dtermination of Sn in plasma

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:CD(SD)

Sex:

male/female

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

other: sesame oil

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Duration of treatment / exposure:

6 weeks, additional group with 6 weeks and 2 weeks recovery

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
4 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
20 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 male and female

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Dose descriptor:

LOEL

Effect level:

2.5 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: small thymus

Critical effects observed:

not specified

no malformations found.

Problems in the lactation phase see overall remarks.

Conclusions:

The LOEAL for maternal toxicty was determined to be 4 mg/kg bw /day, for unschuedled deads and decrease in bw at 20 mg/kg bw/day. There were no adverse effects belonging to reproduction according to the FDA guidelines.
Many litters in the dose groups found dead without milk in the stomach. The data from necropsy show no evidence for adverse effects relating to teats of the dams including no or a decreased milk volume, or the litters could not drink. An analysis of the milk was not performed in due it is not part of the guideline OECD 422. So it is not possible to bevaluate the study in the lactation periode

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

2.5 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Conduction and documentation of study acceptable. Literature reference available..

Justification for type of information:

Tin, dioctylbis(2,4-pentanedionato-κO2,κO4)- hydrolyses with humidity into Dioctyltinoxide and 2,4-Pentadione. There is an evidence that the hydrolysis product 2,4-Pentadion cause an adverse effect in worker (US EPA)

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 413 (Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-Day Study)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

-

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

-

Species:

rat

Strain:

Fischer 344

Details on species / strain selection:

-

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

-

Route of administration:

inhalation

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

other: unchanged (no vehicle)

Remarks on MMAD:

MMAD / GSD: not reported

Details on inhalation exposure:

-

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

-

Duration of treatment / exposure:

14 weeks

Frequency of treatment:

daily 6 h, 5 days per week

Dose / conc.:

0 ppm

Dose / conc.:

100 ppm

Dose / conc.:

300 ppm

Dose / conc.:

650 ppm

No. of animals per sex per dose:

20

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

see attached report

Positive control:

yes, 0 ppm

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

Toxicity monitoring: Following parameters were determined: clinical signs of toxicity (daily), ophtalmoscopy of the eye (before and after exposure), neurobehavioral screening (monthly before, during and after exposure), body weight (weekly during the study and before sacrifice), food and water consumption for 14 h in metabolic cages during the last exposure week (urinalysis), organ weights (liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, heart, thymus and testes), urine chemistry (n=10 each group), serum chemistry and hematology of blood samples collected at the end of exposure or the 4-week recovery; gross pathology at termination in all groups; histopathology in high dose and control group as well as brains of the medium dose group were processed for histopathology.

Sacrifice and pathology:

Survivors of the 14-week exposure regimen were sacrificed on June 28 (males) and June 29 (females), 1984. The postexposure rats were sacrificed on July 25 (males) and July 26 (females), 1984. The rats were killed by exsanguination via the brachial blood vessels following anesthesia with methoxyflurane. Additional five male rats from the high concentration and control groups were sacrificed on June 28, 1984 and were perfused with a glutaraldehyde solution for the removal of the sciatic nerve for examination by transmission electron microscopy. Sciatic nerves were also examined by electron microscopy from five recovery high dose and control males although these rats were not perfused with a glutaraldehyde solution prior to sci-atic nerve removal. Gross necropsies were performed, and selected tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buff-ered formalin. Histologic evaluation was performed on selected tissues from animals in the highest exposure level (males), intermediate exposure level (females), and control groups. This list of tissues is as followsepididymides, spleen, lungs, nasal turbinates, thymus, trachea, urinary bladder, adrenals, brain (5 sections), parathyroids, heart, kid-neys, larynx, testes, thyroids, pituitary, muscle-gastronemius, liver, sciatic nerve and sternal bone.

Other examinations:

A modified Irwin Screen (Irwin, 1968) was performed prioc,r to the first exposure and monthly thereafter (including sacrifice). This examination was also performed on the recovery animals at the time of sacrifice. The following measurements were examined: :tremors, convulsions, tail elevation, impaired gait, paresis, salivation, lacrimation, diar-rhea, piloerection, hypothermia, stereotyphy, surface righting, mid-air righting reflex, wire grasping, body tone, limb rotation, pupil response (pre-exposure only), pupil size, skin color, respiration, locomotor acivlty, corneal response, tail pinch, toe pinch, auditory startle response

Statistics:

Results of quantitative continuous variables (such as body weight changes) were inter-compared among the concentration groups and one control group by use of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bartlett's homogeneity of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests. The latter was used to delineate which exposure groups differed from the control, when F from the analysis of variance was significant. If Bartlett's test indicated hetero-geneous variances, all groups were compared by an ANOVA for unequal variances fol-lowed if necessary by t-tests. Corrected Bonferroni probabilities were used for t-test comparisons. The fiducial limit of 0.05 (two-tailed) was used as the critical level of sig-nificance for all comparisons.

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see free text

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

In the 650 ppm group all females and 10/30 male rats died between the 2nd and 6th week. Rats of this dose group had severe clinical abnormalities (e.g. lacrimation, ataxia, hypoactivity, hypo-thermia

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Survivors of the 650 ppm group had decreased body weight gains

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Food efficiency:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Ophthalmological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Survivors of the 650 ppm group had and minor alterations in hematology (reduced hematocrit and red blood cell counts, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and volume), serum chemistry and urinary chemistry. Noteworthy lesions in animals that died after exposure to 650 ppm were acute degenerations in the deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclei and corpora striata and acute lymphoid degenerations in the thymus. Many of the survivors (7/15, non-recovery and recovery group combined) in this group had gliosis and malacia in the same brain regions but no peripheral neuropathy, minimal squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa, and lymphocytosis. Most of the observed alterations in male rats of the 650 ppm group that survived the 14 weeks exposure regimen decreased in frequency and/or severity after the 4 weeks recovery period. There were no substance related mortalities in the 300, 100 and 0 ppm groups. Also there was no evidence of clinical signs or histologic lesions in these rats. However, females of the 300 ppm group had slightly decreased body weight gains and in both sexes minor concentration related alterations in hematology, serum and urine chemistry were observed. Furthermore, these changes were completely reversible following a 4 weeks recovery period. In the 100 ppm group no differences from controls were detectable. In all surviving males the mean testes weights and testes weights expressed as % of organ weight determined on necropsy right at the end of the study were not different from controls in any treatment group. The same observation was made for animals of the recovery group. No histopathological changes were noted in the testes and epididymis in any dose group of surviving males examined immediately after study termination and after a 4 week recovery period, respectively. One/10 control animals of the recovery group was diagnosed with epididymitis. In male animals of the high dose group which died during exposure atrophy of the seminal vesicles were seen in four males and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in two animals. In the female rats uterus, cervix and ovaries were subject to histopathological examination. No pathological findings were observable after gross and microscopical examination of uterus, cervix and ovaries in any treatment group immediately after study termination. In females of the recovery group ovarial cysts ("cystic ovarian bursa") were found in 2/10 animals of the control group but none in the treated groups. One/10 animals each of the control and intermedi-ate dose group had changes in uterus size ("luminal ectasia") while 1/10 animals of the interme-diate dose group had size changes in the cervix ("luminal ectasia").

Haematological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Survivors of the 650 ppm group had and minor alterations in hematology (reduced hematocrit and red blood cell counts, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and volume), serum chemistry and urinary chemistry. Noteworthy lesions in animals that died after exposure to 650 ppm were acute degenerations in the deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclei and corpora striata and acute lymphoid degenerations in the thymus. Many of the survivors (7/15, non-recovery and recovery group combined) in this group had gliosis and malacia in the same brain regions but no peripheral neuropathy, minimal squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa, and lymphocytosis. Most of the observed alterations in male rats of the 650 ppm group that survived the 14 weeks exposure regimen decreased in frequency and/or severity after the 4 weeks recovery period. There were no substance related mortalities in the 300, 100 and 0 ppm groups. Also there was no evidence of clinical signs or histologic lesions in these rats. However, females of the 300 ppm group had slightly decreased body weight gains and in both sexes minor concentration related alterations in hematology, serum and urine chemistry were observed. Furthermore, these changes were completely reversible following a 4 weeks recovery period. In the 100 ppm group no differences from controls were detectable. In all surviving males the mean testes weights and testes weights expressed as % of organ weight determined on necropsy right at the end of the study were not different from controls in any treatment group. The same observation was made for animals of the recovery group. No histopathological changes were noted in the testes and epididymis in any dose group of surviving males examined immediately after study termination and after a 4 week recovery period, respectively. One/10 control animals of the recovery group was diagnosed with epididymitis. In male animals of the high dose group which died during exposure atrophy of the seminal vesicles were seen in four males and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in two animals. In the female rats uterus, cervix and ovaries were subject to histopathological examination. No pathological findings were observable after gross and microscopical examination of uterus, cervix and ovaries in any treatment group immediately after study termination. In females of the recovery group ovarial cysts ("cystic ovarian bursa") were found in 2/10 animals of the control group but none in the treated groups. One/10 animals each of the control and intermedi-ate dose group had changes in uterus size ("luminal ectasia") while 1/10 animals of the interme-diate dose group had size changes in the cervix ("luminal ectasia").

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Survivors of the 650 ppm group had and minor alterations in hematology (reduced hematocrit and red blood cell counts, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and volume), serum chemistry and urinary chemistry. Noteworthy lesions in animals that died after exposure to 650 ppm were acute degenerations in the deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclei and corpora striata and acute lymphoid degenerations in the thymus. Many of the survivors (7/15, non-recovery and recovery group combined) in this group had gliosis and malacia in the same brain regions but no peripheral neuropathy, minimal squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa, and lymphocytosis. Most of the observed alterations in male rats of the 650 ppm group that survived the 14 weeks exposure regimen decreased in frequency and/or severity after the 4 weeks recovery period. There were no substance related mortalities in the 300, 100 and 0 ppm groups. Also there was no evidence of clinical signs or histologic lesions in these rats. However, females of the 300 ppm group had slightly decreased body weight gains and in both sexes minor concentration related alterations in hematology, serum and urine chemistry were observed. Furthermore, these changes were completely reversible following a 4 weeks recovery period. In the 100 ppm group no differences from controls were detectable. In all surviving males the mean testes weights and testes weights expressed as % of organ weight determined on necropsy right at the end of the study were not different from controls in any treatment group. The same observation was made for animals of the recovery group. No histopathological changes were noted in the testes and epididymis in any dose group of surviving males examined immediately after study termination and after a 4 week recovery period, respectively. One/10 control animals of the recovery group was diagnosed with epididymitis. In male animals of the high dose group which died during exposure atrophy of the seminal vesicles were seen in four males and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in two animals. In the female rats uterus, cervix and ovaries were subject to histopathological examination. No pathological findings were observable after gross and microscopical examination of uterus, cervix and ovaries in any treatment group immediately after study termination. In females of the recovery group ovarial cysts ("cystic ovarian bursa") were found in 2/10 animals of the control group but none in the treated groups. One/10 animals each of the control and intermedi-ate dose group had changes in uterus size ("luminal ectasia") while 1/10 animals of the interme-diate dose group had size changes in the cervix ("luminal ectasia").

Urinalysis findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Survivors of the 650 ppm group had and minor alterations in hematology (reduced hematocrit and red blood cell counts, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and volume), serum chemistry and urinary chemistry. Noteworthy lesions in animals that died after exposure to 650 ppm were acute degenerations in the deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclei and corpora striata and acute lymphoid degenerations in the thymus. Many of the survivors (7/15, non-recovery and recovery group combined) in this group had gliosis and malacia in the same brain regions but no peripheral neuropathy, minimal squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa, and lymphocytosis. Most of the observed alterations in male rats of the 650 ppm group that survived the 14 weeks exposure regimen decreased in frequency and/or severity after the 4 weeks recovery period. There were no substance related mortalities in the 300, 100 and 0 ppm groups. Also there was no evidence of clinical signs or histologic lesions in these rats. However, females of the 300 ppm group had slightly decreased body weight gains and in both sexes minor concentration related alterations in hematology, serum and urine chemistry were observed. Furthermore, these changes were completely reversible following a 4 weeks recovery period. In the 100 ppm group no differences from controls were detectable. In all surviving males the mean testes weights and testes weights expressed as % of organ weight determined on necropsy right at the end of the study were not different from controls in any treatment group. The same observation was made for animals of the recovery group. No histopathological changes were noted in the testes and epididymis in any dose group of surviving males examined immediately after study termination and after a 4 week recovery period, respectively. One/10 control animals of the recovery group was diagnosed with epididymitis. In male animals of the high dose group which died during exposure atrophy of the seminal vesicles were seen in four males and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in two animals. In the female rats uterus, cervix and ovaries were subject to histopathological examination. No pathological findings were observable after gross and microscopical examination of uterus, cervix and ovaries in any treatment group immediately after study termination. In females of the recovery group ovarial cysts ("cystic ovarian bursa") were found in 2/10 animals of the control group but none in the treated groups. One/10 animals each of the control and intermedi-ate dose group had changes in uterus size ("luminal ectasia") while 1/10 animals of the interme-diate dose group had size changes in the cervix ("luminal ectasia").

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Immunological findings:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Survivors of the 650 ppm group had and minor alterations in hematology (reduced hematocrit and red blood cell counts, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and volume), serum chemistry and urinary chemistry. Noteworthy lesions in animals that died after exposure to 650 ppm were acute degenerations in the deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclei and corpora striata and acute lymphoid degenerations in the thymus. Many of the survivors (7/15, non-recovery and recovery group combined) in this group had gliosis and malacia in the same brain regions but no peripheral neuropathy, minimal squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa, and lymphocytosis. Most of the observed alterations in male rats of the 650 ppm group that survived the 14 weeks exposure regimen decreased in frequency and/or severity after the 4 weeks recovery period. There were no substance related mortalities in the 300, 100 and 0 ppm groups. Also there was no evidence of clinical signs or histologic lesions in these rats. However, females of the 300 ppm group had slightly decreased body weight gains and in both sexes minor concentration related alterations in hematology, serum and urine chemistry were observed. Furthermore, these changes were completely reversible following a 4 weeks recovery period. In the 100 ppm group no differences from controls were detectable. In all surviving males the mean testes weights and testes weights expressed as % of organ weight determined on necropsy right at the end of the study were not different from controls in any treatment group. The same observation was made for animals of the recovery group. No histopathological changes were noted in the testes and epididymis in any dose group of surviving males examined immediately after study termination and after a 4 week recovery period, respectively. One/10 control animals of the recovery group was diagnosed with epididymitis. In male animals of the high dose group which died during exposure atrophy of the seminal vesicles were seen in four males and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in two animals. In the female rats uterus, cervix and ovaries were subject to histopathological examination. No pathological findings were observable after gross and microscopical examination of uterus, cervix and ovaries in any treatment group immediately after study termination. In females of the recovery group ovarial cysts ("cystic ovarian bursa") were found in 2/10 animals of the control group but none in the treated groups. One/10 animals each of the control and intermedi-ate dose group had changes in uterus size ("luminal ectasia") while 1/10 animals of the interme-diate dose group had size changes in the cervix ("luminal ectasia").

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Survivors of the 650 ppm group had and minor alterations in hematology (reduced hematocrit and red blood cell counts, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and volume), serum chemistry and urinary chemistry. Noteworthy lesions in animals that died after exposure to 650 ppm were acute degenerations in the deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclei and corpora striata and acute lymphoid degenerations in the thymus. Many of the survivors (7/15, non-recovery and recovery group combined) in this group had gliosis and malacia in the same brain regions but no peripheral neuropathy, minimal squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa, and lymphocytosis. Most of the observed alterations in male rats of the 650 ppm group that survived the 14 weeks exposure regimen decreased in frequency and/or severity after the 4 weeks recovery period. There were no substance related mortalities in the 300, 100 and 0 ppm groups. Also there was no evidence of clinical signs or histologic lesions in these rats. However, females of the 300 ppm group had slightly decreased body weight gains and in both sexes minor concentration related alterations in hematology, serum and urine chemistry were observed. Furthermore, these changes were completely reversible following a 4 weeks recovery period. In the 100 ppm group no differences from controls were detectable. In all surviving males the mean testes weights and testes weights expressed as % of organ weight determined on necropsy right at the end of the study were not different from controls in any treatment group. The same observation was made for animals of the recovery group. No histopathological changes were noted in the testes and epididymis in any dose group of surviving males examined immediately after study termination and after a 4 week recovery period, respectively. One/10 control animals of the recovery group was diagnosed with epididymitis. In male animals of the high dose group which died during exposure atrophy of the seminal vesicles were seen in four males and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in two animals. In the female rats uterus, cervix and ovaries were subject to histopathological examination. No pathological findings were observable after gross and microscopical examination of uterus, cervix and ovaries in any treatment group immediately after study termination. In females of the recovery group ovarial cysts ("cystic ovarian bursa") were found in 2/10 animals of the control group but none in the treated groups. One/10 animals each of the control and intermedi-ate dose group had changes in uterus size ("luminal ectasia") while 1/10 animals of the interme-diate dose group had size changes in the cervix ("luminal ectasia").

Neuropathological findings:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Other effects:

not examined

Description (incidence and severity):

-

Details on results:

-

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect level:

100 ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: body weight; minor changes in haematology, urinalysis and histopathology; all reversible after 4 weeks

Key result

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect level:

300 ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: body weight; minor changes in haematology, urinalysis and histopathology; all reversible after 4 weeks

Key result

Dose descriptor:

LOAEC

Effect level:

650 ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: food consumption; haematology; urinalysis; histopathology; gross pathology

Key result

Critical effects observed:

no

Relevant for humans:

not specified

In the 650 ppm group all females and 10/30 male rats died between the 2nd and 6th week. Rats of this dose group had severe clinical abnormalities (e.g. lacrimation, ataxia, hypoactivity, hypo-thermia). Survivors of the 650 ppm group had decreased body weight gains, decreased organ weights, and minor alterations in hematology (reduced hematocrit and red blood cell counts, increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin and volume), serum chemistry and urinary chemistry. Noteworthy lesions in animals that died after exposure to 650 ppm were acute degenerations in the deep cerebellar nuclei, vestibular nuclei and corpora striata and acute lymphoid degenerations in the thymus. Many of the survivors (7/15, non-recovery and recovery group combined) in this group had gliosis and malacia in the same brain regions but no peripheral neuropathy, minimal squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa, and lymphocytosis. Most of the observed alterations in male rats of the 650 ppm group that survived the 14 weeks exposure regimen decreased in frequency and/or severity after the 4 weeks recovery period. There were no substance related mortalities in the 300, 100 and 0 ppm groups. Also there was no evidence of clinical signs or histologic lesions in these rats. However, females of the 300 ppm group had slightly decreased body weight gains and in both sexes minor concentration related alterations in hematology, serum and urine chemistry were observed. Furthermore, these changes were completely reversible following a 4 weeks recovery period. In the 100 ppm group no differences from controls were detectable. In all surviving males the mean testes weights and testes weights expressed as % of organ weight determined on necropsy right at the end of the study were not different from controls in any treatment group. The same observation was made for animals of the recovery group. No histopathological changes were noted in the testes and epididymis in any dose group of surviving males examined immediately after study termination and after a 4 week recovery period, respectively. One/10 control animals of the recovery group was diagnosed with epididymitis. In male animals of the high dose group which died during exposure atrophy of the seminal vesicles were seen in four males and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules in two animals. In the female rats uterus, cervix and ovaries were subject to histopathological examination. No pathological findings were observable after gross and microscopical examination of uterus, cervix and ovaries in any treatment group immediately after study termination. In females of the recovery group ovarial cysts ("cystic ovarian bursa") were found in 2/10 animals of the control group but none in the treated groups. One/10 animals each of the control and intermedi-ate dose group had changes in uterus size ("luminal ectasia") while 1/10 animals of the interme-diate dose group had size changes in the cervix ("luminal ectasia").

Conclusions:

The most noteworthy observations of the current study were the brain and thymus lesions in animals that died due to inhalation of 650 ppm of 2,4-pentanedione. Because these degenerative lesions were not observed in the 650 ppm male survivors of the 14-week exposure regimen, deaths were attributed to their development. However, half of the survivors of the 650 ppm group did have gliosis or malacia in the brain vestibular nuclei and corpora striata. These central nervous system lesions were accompanied with neurobehavioral abnormalities. Every 2,4-pentanedione-exposed rat exhibiting an abnormality during the modified Irwin Screen Test was subsequently found to have brain lesions. In general, the converse of this statement was true; the exceptions being two 650 ppm males that had normal Irwin Screen Test responses in the presence of brain malacia. Also, several 650 ppm females had acute degeneration of the vestibular nuclei- and corpora striata, but died prior to Irwin Screen testing. Since the electron mi-croscopic findings in the sciatic nerve preparations were negative, the neurotoxic effects of 2,4-pentanedione appear to be central and not peripheral in location. An explanation for the difference in mortality between sexes (30 percent vs. 100 percent for males and females, respectively, of the 650 ppm exposure group) is not known. The sex difference may be related to brain thiamine, folic acid, and/or pyridoxine concentrations since a proposed mechanism of toxicity of 2,4-pentanedione is inactivation of B vitamins or their coenzymes. The concentration-response profile for repeated exposures to 2,4-pentanedione is very steep. A concentration of 300 ppm, which is approximately half of the concentration that was lethal to a majority of exposed rats, did not cause clinical abnormalities or histologic tissue damage. In fact, only minor alterations in body weight and clinical pathology were observed in rats exposed to 300 pppm of 2,4-pentanedione and those alterations were reversible after a 4-week recovery period. Mild squamous metaplasia in the nasal mucosa was observed in the 650 ppm rats. Perhaps inflamma-tion in the nasal mucosa is a transient response at 2,4-pentanedione concentrations of 200 ppm and higher. Rats exposed to 100 ppm of 2,4-pentanedione for 14 weeks showed no signs of irritancy or toxicity. In conclusion, the results of this study would support 100 ppm of 2,4-pentanedione vapor as a no observable effect level in rats.

Executive summary:

-

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEC

100 mg/m³

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity via oral route - systemic effects endpoint:
decrease in thymus (immune toxicity); immune toxicity is an acute effect

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity inhalation - systemic effects endpoint:
The substance hydrolyses in contact with huidity at once in 2,4 Pentadione and Dioctyltin oxide. 2,4 Pentadiione ian VOC and resposibel for inhalation toxicity

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects (target organ) other: bone