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EC number: 202-809-6 | CAS number: 100-00-5
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- Endpoint summary
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- Environmental data
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
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- Toxicological Summary
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
P-chloronitrobenzene was found to be harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin and by inhalation.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1979
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- : no pathologic examination performed, no individual animal data, lack of details on test substance
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Winkelmann, Germany
- Weight at study initiation: 160 - 180 g
- Housing: 5 in one cage - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- polyethylene glycol
- Details on oral exposure:
- no data
- Doses:
- 100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- no
- Statistics:
- LD50 was calculated by Probit-analysis (Fink and Hund 1965. Arzneim.-Forsch. 15:624).
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 294 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- 200 mg/kg bw: 3/10 animals died 2d after application
300 mg/kg bw: 5/10 animals died 2-3d after application
350 mg/kg bw: 5/10 animals died 2-3d after application
400 mg/kg bw: 8/10 animals died 2-4d after application
500 mg/kg bw: 8/10 animals died 2-3d after application
600 mg/kg bw: 10/10 animals died 3h-4d after application - Clinical signs:
- other: reduced general condition, cyanotic appearance, diarrhea, increased excretion of urine
- Gross pathology:
- no data
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 3 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Classification:
GHS: Acute Oral Category 3 - Executive summary:
Loeser (Bayer AG), 1979
The acute oral toxicity of 1 -chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in male Wistar II rats comparable to OECD guideline 401.
7 male groups of 10 animals were dosed with 100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg bw 1-chloro-4 -nitrobenzene per gavage and observed for 14 days following exposure for mortality and clinical signs. Mortalities occurred at dose levels equal to and exceeding 200 mg/kg bw 2 days after administration. Reduced general condition, cyanotic appearance, diarrhea, increased excretion of urine were observed in all male animals dosed 200 - 600 mg/kg bw. Symptoms started to appear between 3 hours (600 mg/kg bw) and 4 days (400 and 600 mg/kg bw) after administration. No clinical signs were observed in animals dosed with 100 mg/kg bw in male rats. The calculated LD50 for male rats was 294 mg/kg bw.
Reference
Table 1:
Dose (mg/kg bw) |
Time of death |
Dead |
Symptoms |
Number of rats used |
100 200 300 350 400 500 600 |
- 2d 2-3d 2-3d 2-4d 2-3d 3h-4d |
0 3 5 5 8 8 10 |
0 10 10 10 10 10 10 |
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 |
Value: (232 - 349 mg/kg bw)
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 294 mg/kg bw
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1981
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: adopted according to OECD SIDS, peer reviewed data
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- number of animals which show effects is missing
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other: head-only exp., atmosph. contained vapor and micro-
crystalline particles (particle size: 2.7 up to greater 90 µm, respirable fraction: 6.8 to 92.3 %), 16100 mg/m³ was the highest attainable concentration - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Crl:CD
- Sex:
- male
- Route of administration:
- inhalation
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- head only
- Vehicle:
- other: air
- Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- 2.63, 2.84, 3.27, 3.35, 3.73, 6.12, 9.47, 16.1 mg/l (approx. 2630, 2840, 3270, 3350, 3730,6120, 9470, 16100 mg/m³)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LCLo
- Effect level:
- ca. 16 100 mg/m³ air
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- at 16100 mg/m3: 1/10 3 days post exposure
- Clinical signs:
- other: during and immediately following exposure: cyanosis, corneal opacity, abnormal arched-back posture, lethargy, reddish-brown nasal and frothy mouth discharges,tachypnea, semi-prostration - from 1 - 14 days post-exposure: pallor, lacrimation, alopecia, c
- Body weight:
- weight loss: 6-13 % within the first 24 hours with normal gain thereafter
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- LCLo (inhalation) = 16100 mg/m3 air
Classification:
GHS: Acute Inhalation Category 4 - Executive summary:
Dupont, 1981
The acute inhalative toxicity of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene was investigated in study comparable to OECD guideline 403 with acceptable restrictions. Rats were exposed head-only to an atmosphere containing vapour and microcrystalline particles up to 16100 mg/m³ air for 4 hours. Clinical signs of toxicity were related to dose. During and immediately after exposure cyanosis, corneal opacity, abnormal arched-back posture, lethargy, reddish-brown nasal and frothy mouth discharges, tachypnea, semi-prostration were observed. From 1 - 14 days post exposure, pallor, lacrimation, alopecia, corneal opacity, stained perineal area, dermal irritations were observed. Also weight loss of 6 - 13 % was detected within the first 24 hours but weight gain normalized therafter. Three days post exposure death occurred at 16100 mg/m³ in 1 of 10 animals. Therefore the LCLo was 16100 mg/m³ air.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- discriminating conc.
- Value:
- 16 100 mg/m³ air
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1979
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- : only males were tested, no pathologic examination was performed, lack of details on test substance
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Winkelmann, Borchen, Germany
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: 180-200 g
- Fasting period before study: no data
- Housing: 5 per cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): no data
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): no data - Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Vehicle:
- polyethylene glycol
- Details on dermal exposure:
- Dermal application according to the method of Noakes and Sanderson, Brit. J. Industr. Med. 26, 1969, 59
Observation time: 14 days - Duration of exposure:
- 24 hours
- Doses:
- 500, 600, 700, 900, 1000, 1200 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- no
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 750 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- 600 mg/kg: 2 of 10 3 days after application
700 mg/kg: 5 of 10 3-4 days after application
900 mg/kg: 8 of 10 3-4 days after application
1000 mg/kg: 8 of 10 3-4 days after application
1200 mg/kg: 10 of 10 3h-3 days after application - Clinical signs:
- other: sedation, cyanotic appearance, unkempt fur, palmospasm, low body temperature
- Gross pathology:
- not examined
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 3 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Classification:
DSD: Xn, R21 Harmful in contact with skin
GHS: Acute Dermal Category 3 H311 - Executive summary:
Loeser, Bayer AG, 1979
The study was performed comparable to guideline study 402 with acceptable restrictions (no pathologic examination was performed, lack of details on test substance). The acute dermal toxicity of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene was investigated in 10 male rats per dose according to the method of Noakes and Sanderson, 1969. The animals were dosed with 500, 600, 700, 900, 1000, 1200 mg/kg body weight. Sedation, cyanotic appearance, unkempt fur, palmospasm, low body temperature were observed at dose levels equal to and exceeding 600 mg/kg body weight. The LD50 was 750 mg/kg body weight.
Reference
Acute dermal toxicity of p-nitrochlorobenzene in rats
Dose (mg/kg bw) |
Time of death |
Dead |
Symptoms |
Number of rats used |
500 600 700 900 1000 1200 |
- 3d 3-4d 3-4d 3-4d 3h-2d |
0 2 5 8 8 10 |
10 10 10 10 10 10 |
10 10 10 10 10 10 |
Value: (670 - 830 mg/kg bw)
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 750 mg/kg bw
Additional information
p-chloronitrobenzene is toxic by oral administration, dermal contact and by inhalation.
The acute oral toxicity of 1 -chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in male Wistar II rats in a study comparable to OECD
guideline 401 with acceptable restrictions. 7 male groups of 10 animals were dosed with 100, 200, 300, 350, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg bw 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene per gavage and observed for 14 days following exposure for mortality and clinical signs. Mortalities occurred at dose levels equal to and exceeding 200 mg/kg bw 2 days after administration. Reduced general condition, cyanotic appearance, diarrhea, increased excretion of urine were observed in all male animals dosed 200 - 600 mg/kg bw. Symptoms started to appear between 3 hours (600 mg/kg bw) and 4 days (400 and 600 mg/kg bw) after administration. No clinical signs were observed in animals dosed with 100 mg/kg bw in male rats. The calculated LD50 for male rats was 294 mg/kg bw.
The dermal LD50 ranges for rats are between 750 - 1722 mg/kg body weight and the ranges in rabbit studies are between 2000 - 3160 mg/kg bw.
In a study performed comparable to guideline study 402 with acceptable restrictions the acute dermal toxicity of 1 -chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in male rats. The LD50 was 750 mg/kg body weight (Loeser, Bayer AG, 1979).
The acute inhalative toxicity of 1 -chloro-4 -nitrobenzene was investigated in study comparable to OECD guideline 403 with acceptable restrictions. Rats were exposed head-only to an atmosphere containing vapour and microcrystalline particles up to 16,100 mg/m³ air for 4 hours. Clinical signs of toxicity were related to dose. During and immediately after exposure cyanosis, corneal opacity, abnormal arched-back posture, lethargy, reddish-brown nasal and frothy mouth discharges, tachypnea, semi-prostration were observed. From 1 - 14 days post exposure pallor, lacrimation, alopecia, corneal opacity, stained perineal area, dermal irritations were observed. Aslo weight loss of 6 - 13 % was detected within the first 24 hours but weight gain normailzed therafter. Three days post exposure death occured at 16100 mg/m³ in 1 of 10 animals. Therefore the LCLo was 16100 mg/m³air (Dupont, 1981).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available study results, the following classification is derived; this deviates from the present legal classification (see Section 2):
LD50(oral) = 294 mg/kg bw
Classification:
DSD: Xn, R22 Harmful if swallowed
GHS: Acute Oral Category 3 H301
LD50(dermal) = 750 mg/kg bw
Classification:
DSD: Xn, R21 Harmful in contact with skin
GHS: Acute Dermal Category 3 H311
LCLo (inhalation) = 16100 mg/m3 air
Classification:
DSD: Xn, R20 Harmful by inhalation
GHS: Acute Inhalation Category 3 H331
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