Pent-4-enoyl chloride

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Guideline Study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2005

Report date:

2005

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Pent-4-enoic acid

EC Number:

209-732-7

EC Name:

Pent-4-enoic acid

Cas Number:

591-80-0

Molecular formula:

C5H8O2

IUPAC Name:

pent-4-enoic acid

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Prior to test start (0 h) pH-value, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, conductivity and total hardness of the dilution water were measured.
At the beginning of the test water parameters (pH value, oxygen concentration) were measured in one additional replicate per concentration and
control. After 48 h the water parameters in old media were measured in all replicates per concentration andcontrol.
The room temperature was recorded throughout the test with a thermohygrograph.
The percentage immobility was determined in all test and control groups after 24 h and 48 h. An animal was considered immobile, if it was not able to swim within 15 sec after gentle agitation of the test vessel.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

4-Pentenoic acid Stock solution: 100 mg/L, prepared with dilution water
Dispersion treatment: Agitation
Test concentrations: 10.0 - 18.0 - 32.0 - 56.0 - 100 mg/L

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Common name: Daphnia Magna Straus
Number of study organisms per concentration and control: 20 animals, divided into 4 (2*) parallel samples, each with 5 (10*) animals
Number of animals per test vessel: 5 (10*)
Number of parallel samples per concentration: 4 (2*)
Age of test organisms: 2 - 24 h old
Acclimation: Ca. 2 h in dilution water
Test temperature: 18 - 22 °C, ± 1 °C constant
Illumination: Diffuse light, illumination range max. 20 μE⋅m-2 ⋅ s-1
Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark cycle
Feeding: The daphnids were not fed during the study.

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

none

Test conditions

Hardness:

160 - 180 mg CaCO3 /L

Test temperature:

18 - 22 °C, +/- 1 °C

pH:

The highest tested concentration of 100 mg/L was adjusted to a pH in the range 7 ± 0.2 in addition.
pH values did not differ by more than 1 bewteen beginning and end of the test
pH values range from 5.2 - 7.6 for test item concentrations at test start
pH values range from 5.1 - 7.8 for test item concentration at test end

Dissolved oxygen:

>5 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal concentrations: 10.0 - 18.0 - 32.0 - 56.0 - 100.0 mg/L
measured concentrations: recovery rates were > 80 %
% loss in concentration of the test substance over test period: 0 - 11

Details on test conditions:

Test organism: Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
Reason for the selection of the test organism: Daphnia magna STRAUS belongs, in accordance with the study guideline, to the suitable Daphnia types and are bred in the test facility.
Origin: Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu)
Breeder: DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIEN, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
Culture: In 2-3 L glass vessels with approximatively 1.8 L culture medium, at 21 °C (temperatures of 20 - 25 °C are tolerated), in an incubator,
16 h illumination, illumination strength max. 20 μE⋅m-2 ⋅s-1.
Culture medium: Culture medium Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L.
Feeding: At least 5x weekly ad libitum with a mix of Desmodesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL.
TEST METHOD: Static
Test duration: 48 h
Test vessels: Glass beakers (5 cm ID x 8 cm H), 50 mL
Volume of the study: 20 mL medium
Number of study organisms per concentration and control: 20 animals, divided into 4 (2*) parallel samples, each with 5 (10*) animals
Number of animals pertest vessel: 5 (10*)
Number of parallel samples per concentration: 4 (2*)
Age of test organisms: 2 - 24 h old
Acclimation: Ca. 2 h in dilution water
Test temperature: 18 - 22 °C, ± 1 °C constant
Illumination: Diffuse light, illumination range max. 20 μE⋅m-2 ⋅ s-1
Photoperiod: 16/8 h light/dark cycle
Feeding: The daphnids were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

53 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

36.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

62.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 58.9-65.9

Effect concentrations 4

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

47.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL: 44.3-51.6

Effect concentrations 5

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 6

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Effect concentrations 7

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

56 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

when the pH of the stock solution was adjusted to 7.0, the EC50 after 48 hours was 57.2 mg/L

Results with reference substance (positive control):

EC10: 1.15 mg/L
EC50: 1.76 mg/L (95 % CL: 1.61-1.93 mg/L, 24h)
EC100: 5.80 mg/L

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC100 values were deduced directly from the dose-response-relationship after 24 and 48 h.
EC50 values were calculated via probit analysis.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In the control group no Daphnia were immobilised or trapped on the surface of the water.
The EC50 -value after 24 h of the reference item was in the range of 1.0 to 2.5 mg/L.
The dissolved O2 concentration was > 5.21 mg/L (60 % of the air saturation value at the temperature used).
The pH-value did not vary by more than 1 unit.
Recovery rates of the test item were > 80 %. Therefore, all effects are given based on nominal test item concentrations.