2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, C6-12-alkyl esters

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Use of dispersant and several test concentrations, including the EC50 above the solubility limit.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

- Test Organisms:  
a) Age: < 24 hours old  
b) Supplier/Source: Test daphnids were obtained from the National Institute for Environmental Studies (JAPAN) and reproduced by the testing laboratory.

Test type:

static

Test temperature:

19.9 - 20.1 ºC

pH:

7.6 - 8.0

Dissolved oxygen:

7.8 - 8.6 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

 Nominal Concentrations: control , solvent control (HCO-40: 90 mg/L), 1.00, 1.80, 3.10, 5.50, 9.70, 17.0 and 30.0 mg/L  

Details on test conditions:

- Test Conditions:  
a) Dilution Water Source: Dechlorinated tap water  
b) Dilution Water Chemistry: pH: = 8.1 (22ºC)            Electric conductivity: = 180 uS/cm        Total hardness (as CaCO3): = 63 mg/L            Alkalinity (as CaCO3): = 45 mg/L
c) Exposure Vessel Type: 100 mL test solution in a 100 mL Glass Beaker with Teflon-lined cap  
d) Nominal Concentrations: control , solvent control (HCO-40: 90 mg/L), 1.00, 1.80, 3.10, 5.50, 9.70, 17.0 and 30.0 mg/L  
e) Vehicle/Solvent and Concentrations: HCO-40: All test solutions contained 90 mg/L HCO-40.  
f) Stock Solutions Preparations and Stability: 1,000 mg/L stock solution was prepared.  
g) Number of Replicates: 4  
h) Individuals per Replicates: 5  
i) Water Temperature: 20±1ºC  
j) Light Condition: 16:8 hours, light-darkness cycle (=< 1,200 lux)  
k) Feeding: None

- Statistical Method: a) Data Analysis: Probit method for EC50 b) Method of Calculating Mean Measured Concentrations: Geometric Mean

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

2.48 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

4.56 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % C.I.; 3.89 - 5.27 mg/L; Rem: Value above the limit of solubility and therefore of limited reliability

- Measured Concentrations : The test concentrations were
measured at the start and the 48th hour. Some of the test
concentrations were < 80 % of the nominal concentration.

------------------------------------------------------------
               Measured              Percent of  Geometric
               concentration (mg/L)  Nominal     Mean 
Nominal                                          during 48 hr 
Concentration  

--------------------------------------------- 

mg/L             0 hr    48 hr   0 hr           48 hr  (mg/L)
------------------------------------------------------------
Control         <0.04   <0.04   --     --        --
Solvent Control <0.04   <0.04   --     --        --
1.00             0.86    0.76   86     76        0.81
1.80             1.73    1.30   96     72        1.50
3.10             2.62    2.34   85     75        2.48
5.50             5.13    4.27   93     78        4.68
9.70             8.56    7.59   88     78        8.06
17.0             15.6    13.1   92     77        14.3
30.0             27.6    25.3   92     84        26.4
------------------------------------------------------------
 
Mortality or Immobility: No test daphnid was affected at
control, solvent control, 1.00, 1.80 and 3.10 mg/L. All
test daphnids were immobilized at 17.0 and 30.0 mg/L, both at
48th hour. The lowest level where the test daphnids was
immobilized was 5.50 mg/L at the 24th hour.

------------------------------------------------------------
               Cumulative Number of Immobilized Daphnids
Nominal                    (Percent Immobility)
concentration  ---------------------------------------------
mg/L                    24 hr              48 hr
------------------------------------------------------------
Control                0 ( 0 )             0 ( 0 )
Solvent Control        0 ( 0 )             0 ( 0 )
1.00                   0 ( 0 )             0 ( 0 )
1.80                   0 ( 0 )             0 ( 0 )
3.10                   0 ( 0 )             0 ( 0 )
5.50                   3 ( 50 )           12 ( 60 )
9.70                   5 ( 25 )           19 ( 95 )
17.0                  11 (55)             20 (100)
30.0                  19 (95)             20 (100)
------------------------------------------------------------

- Calculation of toxicity values:: Based on the mean measured
concentrations. The reason is that some of the measured
concentrations were < 80 % of the nominal concentration.

Conclusions:

the 48 h EC50 of the test substance to Daphnia magna was 4.56 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: EPA guideline similar to OECD-guideline.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

At each sampling period 5 ml aliquots of test water were collected from each of the four replicates of each test solution. Two replicates at each time
point were composited.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

A primary stock standard of MAA was prepared and stored at room temperature. Subsequent dilutions were prepared in Milipore water for use as
spiking solutions and test dilution water.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

ABC Laboratories in house culture. Age at study initiation: first instar (<=24 hours old). Organisms were held in temperature controlled area at 20°C. Lighting was 50-70 footcandles on a 16 hr photoperiod, with 30 minute dawn and dusk transition periods, Oragnisms were not fed during the 48 hr
treatment period.

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

172-178 mg/L

Test temperature:

20°C

pH:

7.0-7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

7.7-8.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal= 7.2, 14, 30, 60 and 120 mg/L.
Mean measured (sampling at 0 and 48 hrs) = 6.7, 13, 32, 62 and 130 mg/L.

Details on test conditions:

Method: flow-through bioassay as described in American Public Health Association and Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and 
Wastewater.

A half liter proportional diluter system was used for intermittent introduction of dilution water and MAA into the test chambers. The test system contained six sets of four replicate one liter test chambers designated as control, and level 1 through level 5. The proportional diluter was calibrated preior to use in the test.

Dilution water was a blend of reverse osmosis water and ABC laboratory well water.

10 organisms were assigned to each of the four replicate test chambers (40 Daphnids per concentration).
Water quality measurements were recorded at 0 and 48 hours.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

130 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: based on lack of immobilization and or abnormal effects

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 130 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: The 48 hr dose response slope could not be determined because of the lack of an effect level

Details on results:

Overall, the measured concentrations represent 101-7.4% of nominal concentrations. Quality control samples analyzed with each sample day over a range of 6.00 to 150 mg/L with recoveries averaging 94+/-19%. Low recovery for the 0 hour sampling was obtained. Duplicate low spikes at teh 48 hour sampling were analyzed to verify the recovery of MAA at the 6.00 mg/l concentration.

Measurement at 0 and 48 hrs of the MAA diluter stock solution averaged 12,000 mg/L which represented 100% of the nominal concentration (12,000 mg/L).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In a valid guideline study, the 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna was >130 mg/L MAA.

Executive summary:

In a valid guideline study, the 48 hour EC50 for Daphnia magna was >130 mg/L MAA.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017-06-20

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

1. SOFTWARE
OECD Toolbox 3.4.0.17

Guideline:

other: REACH Guidance on QSARs R.6

Principles of method if other than guideline:

- Software tool(s) used including version: QSAR-prediction with QSAR Toolbox 3.4.0.17 Database version: 3.8.8/3.1.2

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SMILES: CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

other: QSAR predicted value

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

4.79 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

other: QSAR predicted value

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: QSAR predicted value

QSAR TOOLBOX 3.4.0.17 (database version: 3.8.8/3.1.2) predicted that n-octyl methacrylate has an EC50 of 4.79 mg/L( Daphnia magna).

Toxicity of the target chemical is predicted from category members using trend analysis based

on 10 values within the range of 2.57 - 380 mg/L from 10 category members. Category members are single

chemicals or mixtures and are selected based on the profile of the target chemical. Only chemicals having

experimental data are listed in the category.

The target chemical FALLS within applicability domain of the prediction.

The data used for calculating the current prediction is taken from 11 experimental values selected from

the following database(s):

1. ECHA CHEM

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

EC50 (48h) daphnia magna of n-octyl methacrylate predicted by QSAR TOOLBOX 3.4.0.17 database version: 3.8.8/3.1.2 from category trend analysis of 10 category members is 4.79 mg/l.

Executive summary:

QSAR Toolbox prediction based on trend analysis

 

Prediction of EC50 (48h) Daphnia magna for n-octyl methacrylate

 

Summary

Toxicity of the target chemical (4.79 mg/L) is predicted from category members using trend analysis based

on 10 values within the range 2.57 - 380 mg/L from 10 category members. Category members are single

chemicals or mixtures and are selected based on the profile of the target chemical. Only chemicals having

experimental data are listed in the category.

The target chemical FALLS within applicability domain of the prediction. The data used for calculating the current prediction is taken from 11 experimental values selected from

the following database(s):

1. ECHA CHEM

NOTE: Any of data in this dataset are disseminated by the European Union on a right-to-know basis and this is not a publication in the same sense as a book or an article in a journal. The right of ownership in any part of this information is reserved by the data owner(s). The use of this information for any other, e.g. commercial purpose is strictly reserved to the data owners and those persons or legal entities having paid the respective access fee for the intended purpose.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Methodological deficiencies.

Justification for type of information:

Read across from an analogous methacrylate ester.
REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
see attached category document

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

OECD Guidelines (1984) Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation test and Reproduction test

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

The test material was dissolved in DMF/Tween 80 and diluted in test medium.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

not specified

Water media type:

not specified

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.32 mg/L

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.85 mg/L

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Further information is included as attachment. Please also see attached justification.

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The constituents of the UVCB substance NUMA (Nonyl-Undecyl methacrylate) are structurally related mono alkyl methacrylate esters differing only in the respective alcoholic moieties. The main proportion of these esters are of the n-type the minor proportion of the iso type. Considering the small amount of iso-types and the negligible differences in (eco-) toxicological properties between the n- and iso types, in this assessment both types of one ester with one specific chain length are assessed together as a whole.
Further information is included as attachment. Please also see attached justification Chapter 1

2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Further information is included as attachment. Please also see attached justification Chapter 1.

3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
Please see attached justification Chapter 1 and 3.

4. DATA MATRIX
Please see attached justification Chapter 1.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

< 1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

estimated

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: UVCB: LC 50 is estimated from in a worst case approach structural analouge 2-EHMA

Conclusions:

The LC 50 for the UVCB substance NUMA is predicted to be worst case <1.0 mg/L, leading to the strictest classification under CLP for acute aquatic toxicity.

Executive summary:

There are no test data for any of the constituents and the main proportion of the constituents are in the critical range of C8 -C11 methacrylates for aquatic toxicity, the data are used for a worst case approach. Regardless of the ester size distribution, the LC₅₀for NUMA is assumed to be below 2 -EHMA (2.18 mg/L). For precautionary reasons the LC 50 is predicted to be <1.0 mg/L, leading to the strictest classification under CLP for acute aquatic toxicity. Regarding chronic effects NUMA with its constituents is assessed in analogy to i-DMA which is the worst case (by available data). Considering this very conservative approach, the read across and the assessment are regarded as acceptable with a medium level of confidence.

Description of key information

There are no test data for any of the constituents and the main proportion of the constituents are in the critical range of C8 -C11 methacrylates for aquatic toxicity, the data are used for a worst case approach. Regardless of the ester size distribution, the LC₅₀for NUMA is assumed to be below 2 -EHMA (2.18 mg/L). For precautionary reasons the LC 50 is predicted to be <1.0 mg/L, leading to the strictest classification under CLP for acute aquatictoxicity.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

1 mg/L