Reaction products of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diphosphorous pentoxide and water

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

02-01-2018 to 21-03-2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

Guideline study performed under GLP. All relevant validity criteria were met.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-hydroxyethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate; bis({1-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]ethoxy})phosphinic acid; phosphoric acid; {2-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]ethoxy}phosphonic acid; {[hydroxy({2-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]ethoxy})phosphoryl]oxy}phosphonic acid

EC Number:

948-065-2

Molecular formula:

Not applicable (a generic molecular formula cannot be provided for this specific UVCB substance)

IUPAC Name:

2-hydroxyethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate; bis({1-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]ethoxy})phosphinic acid; phosphoric acid; {2-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]ethoxy}phosphonic acid; {[hydroxy({2-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]ethoxy})phosphoryl]oxy}phosphonic acid

Test material form:

liquid

Details on test material:

- Physical state: Liquid
- Storage condition of test material: In refrigerator (2-8°C) container protected from light
- Other: Yellow liquid

Method

Target gene:

histidine locus

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable.

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable.

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Cytokinesis block (if used):

Not applicable.

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9 homogenate)

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Range Finding Experiment 1 (direct plate assay): 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate
Definitive Experiment 1 (direct plate assay): 52, 164, 512, 1600, 5000 μg/plate
Definitive Experiment 2 (pre-incubation assay): 52, 164, 512, 1600, 5000 μg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethylsulfoxide
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: A solubility test was performed based on visual assessment. The test item was soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide. Test item concentrations were used within 3 hours of preparation.

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

methylmethanesulfonate

other: ICR-191 ; 2-aminoanthracene

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: Experiment 1. in medium; in agar (plate incorporation) ; Experiment 2. in medium; in agar (pre-incubation)

DURATION
- Exposure duration:
Experiment 1. Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 ml molten top agar: 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (10^9 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test item in DMSO and either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays). The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies were counted.
Experiment 2. Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were pre-incubated for 30 ± 2 minutes by 70 rpm at 37 ± 1°C, either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays), 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (10^9 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test item in DMSO. After the pre-incubation period the solutions were added to 3 ml molten top agar. The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies were counted.

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth (bacterial background lawn) and reduction in the number of revertants

Rationale for test conditions:

Selection of an adequate range of doses was based on the first experiment (seven concentrations in triplicate) with all five tester strains, both with and without S9-mix considering cytotoxicity and precipitation. See tables for more information.

Evaluation criteria:

A test item is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one follow-up experiment.

A test item is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 is greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2uvrA is greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) In case a follow up experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one follow up experiment.

Statistics:

No formal hypothesis testing was done. See 'Any other information on materials and methods' and 'evaluation criteria' for details on the acceptability and evaluation criteria of the assay.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Remarks:

Test item was either tested up to cytotoxic or precipitating concentrations or the limit concentration (5000 μg/plate).

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

Test item was either tested up to cytotoxic or precipitating concentrations or the limit concentration (5000 μg/plate).

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation:
Experiment 1: Precipitation of the test item on the plates was not observed at the start or at the end of the incubation period in any tester strain at up to the top dose of 5000 µg/plate.
Experiment 2: Precipitation of the test item on the plates was not observed at the start or at the end of the incubation period in any tester strain at up to the top dose of 5000 µg/plate.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
Experiment 1 (direct plate assay) served as a range finding test in all species/strains for subsequent pre-incubation assays.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The negative control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges. The strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly, except the response for TA1535 in the absence of S9-mix in the second experiment. The purpose of the positive control is as a reference for the test system, where a positive response is required to check if the test system functions correctly. Since the value was more than 170 times greater than the concurrent solvent control values, this deviation in the mean plate count of the positive control had no effect on the results of the study. The test item indicated no toxicologically significant dose-related increases in the number of revertants in two independently repeated experiments. Any increases were within the historical control range.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results:
negative
Under the conditions of this study, the test itme was considered to be non-mutagenic in the presence and absence of S9 activation.

Executive summary:

The study was performed to the requirements of OECD TG 471 and EU Method B.13/14 in accordance with GLP, to evaluate the mutagenic activity of the test item in the Salmonella typhimurium and the Escherichia coli in a reverse mutation assay (incorporating the plate incorporation and pre-incubation methods) in both the presence and absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. The test item was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with four histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537) and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with a tryptophan-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). The test was performed in two independent experiments, at first a direct plate assay was performed and secondly a pre-incubation assay both in the absence and presence of S9-mix (rat liver S9-mix induced Aroclor 1254). In the first mutation assay, the test item was tested up to concentrations of 5000 µg/plate in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP2uvrA in the direct plate assay. The test item precipitated on the plates at dose level of 5000 μg/plate. In all three experiments the test item did not precipitate on the plates at up to 5000 μg/plate dose level. The bacterial background lawn was not reduced at any of the concentrations tested and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed. Acceptable responses were obtained for the negative and strain-specific positive control items indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly. The test item did not induce a toxicologically significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in two independently repeated experiments. Under the conditions of this study, it is concluded that that the test item was not mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.