Frits, chemicals and bismuth oxide

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Acute toxicity of 50 metals to Daphnia magna

Author:

Okamotoa A., Yamamuro M. and Tatarazakoa N.

Year:

2014

Bibliographic source:

John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Research Article Received: 15 August 2014, Revised: 7 September 2014, Accepted: 7 September 2014 Published online in Wiley Online Library: 7 November 2014 (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/jat.3078 824

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

2004

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Conduction of studies under GLP conditions is not a requirement for peer reviewed publications.

Test material

Test material information

1

Reference substance name:

bismuth trinitrate pentahydrate

EC Number:

600-076-0

Cas Number:

10035-06-0

Molecular formula:

BiH10N3O14

IUPAC Name:

bismuth trinitrate pentahydrate

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

ICP-MS

Details on sampling:

- Sampling and concentrations: all tested concentrations were sampled at the start and at the end of the experiment

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate: Stock solution was prepared by dissolution of Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate dissolved in distilled water was prepared and then added to breeding water for the experiments.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: laboratory culture
- Age of parental stock: Female Daphnids (<24 h old), produced by mature females (≥ 2 weeks old), were subcultured every week.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Daphnia magna was used for experiments after the acclimation of several generations.

BREEDING:
- Water temperature: 21 ± 1°C
- Light/dark cycle: 16/8 h
- Breeding vessel: In glass flasks using 35 adult daphnids per liter.
- Medium: Tap water in Tsukuba filtered with activated charcoal and renewed every second day.
- Food source: Chlorella vulgaris (diluted to 5 × 10^8 cell/ml)

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:

21 ± 1°C

pH:

6.5–8.5

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Five test concentrations were used up to the saturation of the substance in water. The dilution factor was 2. The maximum test concentration was 13,200 μg/L which reflects the upper limit of water solubility of the substance.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: breeding water was used as test medium.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured at the start and end of tests. The hardness of breeding water was measured in a series of tests.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes with 1 M sodium hydroxide
- Photoperiod: 16 h light/8 h dark

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 13 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

Bismuth

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: No effect at the aqueous solubility

Any other information on results incl. tables

No effects were observed up to the limit of water solubility. Therefore no EC50 was derived. The water solubility of Bismuth was 13200 μg/L as stated in the publication.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified