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EC number: 202-941-4 | CAS number: 101-42-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Weight-of-evidence is available from in vitro studies, demonstrating absence of sensitizing properties. First, Fenuron revealed a mean cysteine and lysine peptide depletion of 2.580% in the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) which is below the limit of 6.38%, hence, the test item is considered negative and predicted to be a non-sensitiser (no or minimal reactivity). Secondly, Fenuron was negative for sensitising properties in the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method. The maximum average fold induction of the luciferase activity (Imax) value observed was 1.35 ± 0.28 and no EC1.5 value representing the concentration for which induction of luciferase activity is above the 1.5 fold threshold (i.e. 50% enhanced luciferase activity) could be calculated. The calculated IC50 value was > 2000µM and the IC30 was 1366.16 µM for 30% reduction of cellular viability, respectively. In conclusion, Fenuron revealed no sensitising properties.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin sensitisation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in chemico
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 442C (In Chemico Skin Sensitisation: Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA))
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of study:
- direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA)
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- In vitro studies need to be performed as first step.
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 0010416
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: April 2019
- Purity test date: 05 october 2018
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material:
At +10 to +25°C, in a tightly closed container in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place, avoid exposure to sunlight and moisture
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: Solubility of the test item in an appropriate solvent was assessed before performing the assay. 49.76 mg IsoQure UR 300 were dissolved in 3 mL acetonitrile immediately before testing to prepare a 100 mM solution. A factor of 1.01 was used to correct for the purity of the test item. The test item solution was then tested as such without any further dilution by incubating at 1:10 or 1:50 ratio with the cysteine peptides and lysine peptides, respectively.
OTHER SPECIFICS:Trade name: IsoQure UR 300 - Details on the study design:
- PROCEDURE
-Preparation of the cysteine or lysine-containing peptides:
Stock solutions of cysteine (Ac-RFAACAA-COOH) and lysine (Ac-RFAAKAA-COOH) containing synthetic peptides of purity higher than 95% were freshly prepared just before their incubation with the test item. The final concentration of the cysteine peptide was 0.667 mM in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer, whereas the final concentration of the lysine peptide was 0.667 mM in pH 10.2 ammonium acetate buffer.
-Preparation of the test item:
Solubility of the test item in an appropriate solvent was assessed before performing the assay. 49.76 mg IsoQure UR 300 were dissolved in 3 mL acetonitrile immediately before testing to prepare a 100 mM solution. A factor of 1.01 was used to correct for the purity of the test item. The test item solution was then tested as such without any further dilution by incubating at 1:10 or 1:50 ratio with the cysteine peptides and lysine peptides, respectively.
-Positive control, reference controls and coelution control:
Cinnamic aldehyde (CAS no. 14371-10-9) was used as positive control (PC) at a concentration of 100 mM in acetonitrile. In addition reference controls (i.e. samples containing only the peptide and added acetonitrile) were also included in the HPLC run sequence and these were used to verify the HPLC system suitability prior to the analysis (reference controls A) and the stability of the reference controls over time (reference control B). To verify that the solvent used to dissolve the test item does not impact the percent peptide depletion the reference control C was prepared by adding acetonitrile to the peptide solution. The reference control C was used to calculate the percent peptide depletion for the test item. In addition a coelution control constituted by the test item alone for the test item analysed was included in the run sequence to detect possible coelution of the test item with either the lysine or the cysteine peptide.
-Incubation of the test item with the cysteine and lysine peptide solutions:
Cysteine and lysine peptide solutions were incubated in glass autosampler vials with the test item at 1:10 and 1:50 ratio, respectively. The reaction solution was left in the dark at 25 ± 2.5°C for 24 ± 2 hours before running the HPLC analysis. The test item assay was analyzed in triplicate for both peptides. Samples were visually inspected prior to HPLC analysis. If a precipitate would be observed immediately upon addition of the test item solution to the peptide solution, due to low aqueous solubility of the test item, in this case one cannot be sure how much test item remained in the solution to react with the peptide. Therefore, in such a case, a positive result could still be used, but a negative result is uncertain and would be interpreted with due care. No precipitate or phase separation was observed.
-Preparation of the HPLC standard calibration curve:
A standard calibration curve was generated for both the cysteine and the lysine peptides. Peptide standards were prepared in a solution of 20% acetonitrile : buffer using 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) for the cysteine peptide and 100 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 10.2) for the lysine peptide. Using serial dilution standards of the peptide stock solution (nominal concentrations: 0.666 mM of cysteine peptide in sodium phosphate or 0.666 mM lysine peptide in ammonium acetate), 6 calibration standards were prepared to cover the range from 0.534 to 0.0167 mM. A blank of the dilution buffer was also included in the standard calibration curve. Suitable calibration curves should have an r2 > 0.99.
-HPLC preparation and analysis:
If a test item promotes the oxidation of the cysteine peptide, the peak of the dimerised cysteine peptide would have been visually monitored. If dimerisation appears to have occurred, this would have been noted as percent peptide depletion which would have been over-estimated leading to false positive predictions and/or assignment to a higher reactivity class. No dimerisation of the cysteine peptide occurred. HPLC analysis for the cysteine and lysine peptides was performed on one day. All test item solutions were freshly prepared for both assays on one day. The analysis was timed to assure that the injection of the first sample (reference control C) starts 22 to 26 hours after the test item was mixed with the peptide solution. The HPLC run sequences were set up in order to keep the HPLC analysis time to less than 30 hours.
- Evaluation
The concentrations of cysteine or lysine peptide were photometrically determined at 220 nm in each sample by measuring the peak area (area under the curve, AUC) of the appropriate peaks and by calculating the concentration of peptide using the linear calibration curve derived from the standards.
The percent peptide depletion was determined in each sample by measuring the peak area and dividing it by the mean peak area of the relevant reference control C.
- Acceptance criteria
The following criteria must be met for a run to be considered valid:
a) The standard calibration curve should have an r2 > 0.99.
b) The mean percent peptide depletion value of the three replicates for the positive control cinnamic aldehyde should be between 60.8% and 100% for the cysteine peptide and between 40.2% and 69.0% for the lysine peptide and the maximum standard deviation (SD) for the positive control replicates should be < 14.9% for the percent cysteine depletion and < 11.6% for the percent lysine depletion. c) The mean peptide concentration of reference controls A should be 0.50 ± 0.05 mM and the coefficient of variation (CV) of peptide peak areas for the nine reference controls B and C in acetonitrile should be <15.0%.
If one or more of these criteria is not met, the run would have been repeated.
The following criteria must be met for a test item’s results to be considered valid:
a) The maximum standard deviation for the test item replicates should be < 14.9% for the percent cysteine depletion and < 11.6% for the percent lysine depletion.
b) The mean peptide concentration of the three reference controls C in the appropriate solvent should be 0.50 ± 0.05 mM.
If these criteria were not met, the data would have been rejected and the run have been repeated for that specific test item.
- Prediction model
The mean percent cysteine and percent lysine depletion value was calculated for each test item. Negative depletion was considered as “0” when calculating the mean. By using the cysteine 1:10/lysine 1:50 prediction model , the threshold of 6.38% average peptide depletion was used to support the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in the framework of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA). Application of the prediction model for assigning a test item to a reactivity class (i.e. low, moderate and high reactivity) may perhaps prove useful to inform potency assessment within the framework of an IATA.
No coelution was observed.
A single HPLC analysis for both the cysteine and the lysine peptide would be sufficient for a test item when the result is unequivocal. However, in cases of results close to the threshold used to discriminate between positive and negative results (i.e. borderline results), additional testing may be necessary. If situations where the mean percent depletion falls in the range of 3% to 10% for the cysteine 1:10/lysine 1:50 prediction model or the cysteine percent depletion falls in the range of 9% to 17% for the cysteine 1:10 prediction model, a second run would be considered, as well as a third one in case of discordant results between the first two runs. - Positive control results:
- Cinnamic aldehyde was used as positive control at a concentration of 100 mM in acetonitrile. Treatment with the positive control item revealed a cysteine and lysine peptide depletion of 70.81% for cysteine and 51.15% for lysine peptide. These values are within the required range of 60.8% and 100% for the cysteine peptide and between 40.2% and 69.0% for the lysine peptide. The maximum standard deviation (SD) for the positive control replicates were < 14.9% for the percent cysteine depletion and < 11.6% for the percent lysine depletion. Therefore, the study can be regarded as valid.
- Run / experiment:
- other: Cysteina+ Lysine
- Parameter:
- other: % depletion
- Value:
- 2.58
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of skin sensitisation
- Remarks:
- Reactivity Class (Cysteine+ Lysine) = Negative / Reactivity Class (Cysteine only) = Negative
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- Two reference controls containing only 0.5 mM cysteine peptide solution or 0.5 mM lysine peptide solution and acetonitrile were also included in the HPLC run sequence and were used to verify the HPLC system suitability prior to analysis (reference controls A) and the stability of the reference controls over time (reference control B). To verify that the solvent used to dissolve the test item does not impact the percent peptide depletion the reference control C was prepared by adding acetonitrile (vehicle) to the peptide solution. The reference control C was used to calculate the percent peptide depletion for the test item. Each sample was tested in triplicate.
No precipitate in the reaction mixture at the end of the incubation time and no coelution were observed.
IsoQure UR 300-treated samples revealed a cysteine peptide depletion of 3.02% and a lysine peptide depletion of 2.14% (mean peptide depletion of 2.580%) and, hence, were well below 6.38%. IsoQure UR 300 is considered negative and predicted to be a non-sensitiser (no or minimal reactivity) in the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA).
Cinnamic aldehyde was used as positive control at a concentration of 100 mM in acetonitrile. Treatment with the positive control item revealed a cysteine and lysine peptide depletion of 70.81% for cysteine and 51.15% for lysine peptide. These values are within the required range of 60.8% and 100% for the cysteine peptide and between 40.2% and 69.0% for the lysine peptide. The maximum standard deviation (SD) for the positive control replicates were < 14.9% for the percent cysteine depletion and < 11.6% for the percent lysine depletion. Therefore, the study can be regarded as valid.
The linearity of the standard calibration curve was r2 = 1.0000 for cysteine peptide and r2 = 0.9999 for lysine peptide. Hence the requirement of r2 > 0.99 was met.
The mean peptide concentrations of reference control A were 0.508 or 0.494 mM cysteine or lysine peptide, respectively and, hence well within the accepted range of 0.50 ± 0.05 mM and the coefficient of variation (CV) of peptide peak areas for the nine reference controls B and C was <15.0%.
The mean peptide concentrations of reference control A were 0.508 or 0.494 mM cysteine or lysine peptide, respectively and, hence well within the accepted range of 0.50 ± 0.05 mM and the coefficient of variation (CV) of peptide peak areas for the nine reference controls B and C was <15.0%. - Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- IsoQure UR 300 revealed a mean cysteine and lysine peptide depletion of 2.580% and, hence, the test item is considered negative and predicted to be a non-sensitiser (no or minimal reactivity) in the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA).
- Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitising potential of IsoQure UR 300 in a Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA). The study was performed according to OECD guideline 442C. The DPRA is an in chemico method which quantifies the remaining concentration of cysteine- or lysine-containing peptide following 24 ± 2 hours incubation with the test item at 25 ± 2.5°C. Relative peptide concentration is measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution and UV detection at 220 nm. Cysteine and lysine peptide percent depletion values are then calculated and used in a prediction model, which allows assigning the test item to one of four reactivity classes used to support the discrimination between sensitisers and non-sensitisers. The test item was dissolved at a concentration of 100 mM in acetonitrile. Two reference controls containing only 0.5 mM cysteine peptide solution or 0.5 mM lysine peptide solution and acetonitrile were also included in the HPLC run sequence and were used to verify the HPLC system suitability prior to analysis (reference controls A) and the stability of the reference controls over time (reference control B). To verify that the solvent used to dissolve the test item does not impact the percent peptide depletion the reference control C was prepared by adding acetonitrile (vehicle) to the peptide solution. The reference control C was used to calculate the percent peptide depletion for the test item. Each sample was tested in triplicate. IsoQure UR 300-treated samples revealed a cysteine peptide depletion of 3.02% and a lysine peptide depletion of 2.14% (mean peptide depletion of 2.580%) and, hence, were well below 6.38%. IsoQure UR 300 is considered negative and predicted to be a non-sensitiser (no or minimal reactivity) in the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA). Cinnamic aldehyde was used as positive control at a concentration of 100 mM in acetonitrile. Treatment with the positive control item revealed a cysteine and lysine peptide depletion of 70.81% for cysteine and 51.15% for lysine peptide. These values are within the required range of 60.8% and 100% for the cysteine peptide and between 40.2% and 69.0% for the lysine peptide. The maximum standard deviation (SD) for the positive control replicates were < 14.9% for the percent cysteine depletion and < 11.6% for the percent lysine depletion. Therefore, the study can be regarded as valid.
The acceptance criteria of validity were fulfilled in this test.
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vitro
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2017-2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 442D (In Vitro Skin Sensitisation: ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase Test Method)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of study:
- activation of keratinocytes
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- In vitro studies need to be performed as first step.
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of: 0010416
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: April 2019
- Purity test date: October 05, 2017
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At +10 to +25°C, in a tightly closed container in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place, avoid exposure to sunlight and moisture
FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST (if different from that of starting material): IsoQure UR 300 were dissolved in 1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
OTHER SPECIFICS: trade name: IsoQure UR 300 - Details on the study design:
- Skin sensitisation (In vitro test system) - Details on study design:
Preparation of the keratinocyte cultures
A transgenic cell line having a stable insertion of the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the ARE-element was used (KeratinoSens™ cell line). Cells were propagated and stored frozen as a homogeneous stock. Cells from this original stock were propagated up to a maximum passage number of 25 and were employed for routine testing using the appropriate maintenance medium.
For testing, cells were 80-90% confluent, and care was taken to ensure that cells were never grown to full confluence. One day prior to testing cells were harvested and distributed into 96-well plates (10 000 cells/well). Attention was paid to avoid sedimentation of the cells during seeding to ensure homogeneous cell number distribution across wells. For each repetition, three technical replicates were used for the luciferase activity measurements, and three parallel technical replicates used for the cell viability assay.
Preparation of the test and control items
32.8 mg IsoQure UR 300 were dissolved in 1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to a concentration of 200 mM. Fresh preparations of the test and control items were used for the treatment. The final concentration of the vehicle in the culture system did not affect cell viability or growth rate.
Based on the stock solution/emulsion of the test item, serial dilutions were made using solvent to obtain 12 master concentrations to be tested (from 0.098 to 200 mM). The master concentrations were then further diluted in treatment culture medium containing 1% serum , so that the final concentrations of the test item ranged from 0.98 to 2000 µM. The vehicle DMSO was used as the negative control. Six wells per plate were prepared. It was diluted following the same dilution scheme as described for the master concentrations, so that the final negative control concentration is 1%, which is known to not affect cell viability and corresponds to the same concentration of DMSO found in the test item and in the positive control.
Cinnamic aldehyde was used as the positive control. A series of 5 master concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 6.4 mM was prepared in DMSO and diluted as described for the master concentrations, so that the final concentration of the positive control range from 4 to 64 µM.
Application of the test and control items
For each test chemical and positive control item, one experiment is needed to derive a prediction (positive or negative), consisting of at least two independent repetitions each containing three replicates (i.e. n=6). Each independent repetition was performed on a different day with fresh stock solution of test chemicals and independently harvested cells. Cells may come from the same passage however.
After seeding, cells were grown for 24 hours in the 96-well microtiter plates. The medium was then removed and replaced with fresh culture medium (150 µL culture medium containing 1% serum but without Geneticin to which 50 µL of the diluted test and control items were added). Three wells per plate were carried out containing no cells to assess background values.
The treated plates were then incubated for about 48 hours at 37 ± 1°C in the presence of 5% CO2. Evaporation of volatile test chemicals and cross-contamination between wells by test items were avoided by covering the plates with a foil prior to the incubation with the test items.
Luciferase activity measurements
After the 48 hour exposure time with the test and control items, cells were washed with a phosphate buffered saline, and the relevant lysis buffer (One GlowTM Luciferase Assay System) for luminescence readings added to each well for an adequate time at room temperature. Plates with the cell lysate will then be placed in the luminometer (Tecan Infinite 200Pro) for reading.
Cytotoxicity assessment
For the KeratinoSensTM cell viability assay, the medium was replaced after the 48 hour exposure time with fresh medium containing MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl blue)5 and cells incubated for 4 hours at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2. The MTT medium was removed and cells were lysed by adding 10% aqueous SDS solution to each well overnight or for up to 3 days at 37°C. After shaking, the absorption was measured at i.e. 620 nm with a photometer (TecanSunrise Magellan Version 7.2).
Data evaluation
The following parameters were calculated:
-the maximal average fold induction of the luciferase activity (Imax) value observed at any concentration of the tested chemical and positive control;
-the EC1.5 value representing the concentration for which induction of luciferase activity is above the 1.5 fold threshold (i.e. 50% enhanced luciferase activity) was obtained; and
-the IC50 and IC30 concentration values for 50% and 30% reduction of cellular viability.
Acceptance criteria
The following acceptance criteria should be met.
1) the luciferase activity induction obtained with the positive control (cinnamic aldehyde), should be statistically significant above the threshold of 1.5 compared to the negative (solvent) control (e.g. using a t-test) in at least one of the tested concentrations (from 4 to 64 µM).
2) the EC1.5 value should be within two standard deviations of the historical mean. In addition, the average induction in the three replicates for cinnamic aldehyde at 64 µM should be between 2 and 8. If the latter criterion is not fulfilled, the dose-response of the positive control (cinnamic aldehyde) should be carefully checked, and tests may be accepted only if there is a clear dose-response with increasing luciferase activity induction at increasing concentrations for the positive control.
3) the average coefficient of variation of the luminescence reading for the negative control DMSO should be below 20% in each repetition which consists of 6 wells tested in triplicate. If the variability is higher, results are discarded
Interpretation of results and prediction model
A prediction is considered positive if the following 4 conditions are all met in 2 of 2 or, if necessary in the same 2 of 3 repetitions, otherwise the KeratinoSensTM prediction is considered negative:
1) the Imax is higher than (>) 1.5 fold and statistically significantly different as compared to the solvent (negative) control (as determined by a two-tailed, unpaired Student’s T-test);
2) the cellular viability is higher than (>) 70% at the lowest concentration with induction of luciferase activity above 1.5 fold (i.e. at the EC1.5 determining concentration);
3) the EC1.5 value is less than (<) 1000 µM;
4) there is an apparent overall dose-response for luciferase induction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was employed for investigation of a possible dose-relationship.
If in a given repetition, all of the first three conditions are met but a clear dose-response for the luciferase induction cannot be observed, then the result of that repetition should be considered inconclusive and further testing may be required. In addition, a negative result obtained with concentrations <1000 µM should also be considered as inconclusive.
In rare cases, test items which induce the luciferase activity very close to the cytotoxic levels can be positive in some repetitions at non-cytotoxic levels (i.e. EC1.5 determining concentration below (<) the IC30), and in other repetitions only at cytotoxic levels (i.e. EC1.5 determining concentration above (>) the IC30). Such test items would have been retested with more narrow dose-response analysis using a lower dilution factor (e.g. 1.33 or √2 (=1.41) fold dilution between wells), to determine if induction has occurred at cytotoxic levels or not. - Positive control results:
- The positive control cinnamic aldehyde was run in both repetitions. The detailed results for the positive control are reported needs to be positive for a run to be accepted (i.e. induction > 1.5 fold). This was the case in both repetitions. The induction at 64 µM and the EC1.5 for cinnamic aldehyde were also calculated. The targets are:
• the average induction in the two replicates for cinnamic aldehyde at 64 µM should be between 2 and 8,
• the EC1.5 value should be within two standard deviations of the historical mean value .
At least one of these two numerical criteria must be met in order to accept a repetition. In the experiments performed both criteria were fulfilled in both repetitions.Thus both repetitions were valid for the positive control.
In addition, the EC1.5 average value of the positive control of 19.05 µM is within two standard deviations of the historical mean . - Run / experiment:
- other: Luciferase determinations
- Parameter:
- other: Imax
- Value:
- 1.35
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not applicable
- Run / experiment:
- other: Luciferase determinations
- Parameter:
- other: EC1.5 [µM]
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: no concentration with calculated ≥ 1.5 fold luciferase induction
- Run / experiment:
- other: Cytotoxicity determinations
- Parameter:
- other: IC50 [µM]
- Value:
- 2 000
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Run / experiment:
- other: Cytotoxicity determinations
- Parameter:
- other: IC30 [µM]
- Value:
- 1 366.16
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- The maximum average fold induction of the luciferase activity (Imax) value observed at any concentration of the test item was 1.35 ± 0.28 and no EC1.5 value representing the concentration for which induction of luciferase activity is above the 1.5 fold threshold (i.e. 50% enhanced luciferase activity) could be calculated.
The calculated IC50 value was > 2000 µM IsoQure UR 300 and the IC30 was 1366.16 µM for 30% reduction of cellular viability, respectively.
The KeratinoSensTM prediction of the test item is considered negative as the luciferase induction value was < 1.5 compared to the solvent control.
As further performance criterion the variability of the luminescence reading for the negative control DMSO must be below 20% in each repetition which consists of 6 wells tested in triplicate. The the average coefficients of variation (CV) for the negative control were 9.32% or 13.07% for the first or second repetition, respectively. - Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- IsoQure UR 300 revealed no sensitising properties in the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase test method.
- Executive summary:
IsoQure UR 300 was examined for sensitising properties in theARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method. The ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method makes use of an immortalised adherent cell line derived from HaCaT human keratinocytes stably transfected with a selectable plasmid. The cell line contains the luciferase gene under the transcriptional control of a constitutive promoter fused with an ARE element from a gene that is known to be up-regulated by contact sensitisers. The luciferase signal reflects the activation by sensitisers of endogenous Nrf2 dependent genes, and the dependence of the luciferase signal in the recombinant cell line on Nrf2 has been demonstrated. This allows quantitative measurement (by luminescence detection) of luciferase gene induction, using well established light producing luciferase substrates, as an indicator of the activity of the Nrf2 transcription factor in cells following exposure to electrophilic test substances. Two endpoints were measured: luciferase induction after a 48 hour treatment with IsoQure UR 300 and cytotoxicity determined with the MTT assay with the same cell batch and employing the same dilutions of the test item. DMSO was used as solvent control. For Luciferase induction the maximal fold-induction over solvent control (Imax) and the concentration needed to reach an 1.5 fold induction (EC1.5) were calculated. For cytotoxicity the IC50 and IC30 values were interpolated. IsoQure UR 300 was completely dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO was employed as negative control. IsoQure UR 300was tested at 12 concentrations in the range from 0.98 to 2000 µM. Cinnamic aldehyde tested at five concentrations from 4 – 64 µM was used as the positive control. Two independent repetitions with three parallel technical replicates were run with this same set-up, and one parallel plate was prepared for cytotoxicity determination. For the MTT data the % viability was then calculated for each well in the test plate in relation to average of the six solvent control wells. For the luciferase data the average value of the six solvent control wells was set to 1, and for each well in the test plate the fold induction was calculated in relation to this value. The maximum average fold induction of the luciferase activity (Imax) value observed at any concentration of the test item was1.35 ± 0.28 and no EC1.5 value representing the concentration for which induction of luciferase activity is above the 1.5 fold threshold (i.e. 50% enhanced luciferase activity) could be calculated .The calculated IC50 value was > 2000µM IsoQure UR 300 and the IC30 was1366.16 µM for 30% reduction of cellular viability, respectively. The KeratinoSensTM prediction of the test item is considered negative as the luciferase induction value was < 1.5 compared to the solvent control. The solvent control and the positive control cinnamic aldehyde were run in both repetitions. All quality criteria for luciferase induction and variability of the solvent control and positive control required were fulfilled.
In conclusion, IsoQure UR 300 revealed no sensitising properties in the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase test method
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not sensitising)
- Additional information:
Following weight-of-evidence was also available from in vitro studies as described by ECHA Information requirements for skin sensitisation:
Fenuron was examined for sensitising potential in a Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA according to OECD guideline 442C (Rehders, 2018). Cysteine and lysine peptide percent depletion values were calculated and used in a prediction model, which allowed assigning the test item to one of four reactivity classes used to support the discrimination between sensitisers and non-sensitisers. Fenuron -treated samples revealed a cysteine peptide depletion of 3.02% and a lysine peptide depletion of 2.14% (mean peptide depletion of 2.580%) and, hence, were well below 6.38%. IsoQure UR 300 is considered negative and predicted to be a non-sensitiser (no or minimal reactivity) in the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA).
Fenuron was examined for sensitising properties in the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method according to OECD 442D (Spruth, 2018b). Two endpoints were measured: luciferase induction after a 48 hour treatment and cytotoxicity determined with the MTT assay with the same cell batch and employing the same dilutions of the test item. DMSO was used as solvent control. For Luciferase induction the maximal fold-induction over solvent control (Imax) and the concentration needed to reach an 1.5 fold induction (EC1.5) were calculated. For cytotoxicity the IC50 and IC30 values were interpolated. Fenuron was completely dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and DMSO was employed as negative control. Fenuron was tested at 12 concentrations in the range from 0.98 to 2000 µM. Cinnamic aldehyde tested at five concentrations from 4 – 64 µM was used as the positive control. The maximum average fold induction of the luciferase activity (Imax) value observed at any concentration of the test item was 1.35 ± 0.28 and no EC1.5 value representing the concentration for which induction of luciferase activity is above the 1.5 fold threshold (i.e. 50% enhanced luciferase activity) could be calculated. The calculated IC50 value was > 2000µM Fenuron and the IC30 was 1366.16 µM for 30% reduction of cellular viability, respectively. In conclusion, Fenuron revealed no sensitising properties in the ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase test method.
Respiratory sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on these results and according to CLP (No. 1272/2008 of 16 December 2008), Fenuron does not have to be classified and has no obligatory labelling requirement for skin sensitisation.
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