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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference
Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Justification for type of information:
REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The target substance Zinc peroxide and the source substances Zinc oxide, Zinc Chloride, Zinc sulfate, Zinc nitrate are ionic and consist of the Zinc2+ cation and the respective anion.
The read-across is based on the assumption that the zinc cation (as measure for dissolved zinc species) is the determining factor for (eco)toxicity.
For further details, see Justification for read-across attached to IUCLID chapter 13

2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
See Justification for read-across attached to IUCLID chapter 13

3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
See Justification for read-across attached to IUCLID chapter 13

4. DATA MATRIX
See Justification for read-across attached to IUCLID chapter 13
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
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read-across source
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read-across source
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Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Remarks:
marine
Effect conc.:
>= 7.8 - <= 670 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
other: Zn
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Remarks on result:
other: duration: 3 - 15 d
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Remarks:
freshwater
Effect conc.:
>= 19 µg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
other: Zn2+
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
96 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Remarks:
freshwater
Effect conc.:
>= 0.136 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (not specified)
Conc. based on:
other: Zn2+
Basis for effect:
growth rate

Description of key information

acute toxicity to freshwater algae: lowest IC50 0.136 mg Zn/l (Selenastrum capricornutum; single value) (neutral/high pH)
chronic toxictiy to freshwater algae: lowest NOEC 0.019 mg Zn/l (Pseudokircherniella subcapitata =Selenastrum capricornutum; geomean of 27 data)
chronic toxicity to marine algae: 12 species available which NOECs range between 0.0078 and 0.67 mg/l (dissolved concentrations)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Additional information

Acute freshwater toxicity tests of high quality and relevancy performed according to standard protocol. Information is on 1 species which is in both the acute and chronic aquatic database on zinc the most sensitive. The lowest IC50 value is taken as reference value for classification for acute effect at neutral/high pH.

Chronic freshwater toxicity tests of high quality and relevancy according to standard protocol or equivalent. Data on 2 species, one of which the most sensitive of all freshwater organisms, second species is less sensitive.

Chronic seawater tests of high quality and relevancy according to standard protocol or equivalent. Data on 12 species, for which 3 species are in the low part of the species sensitivity distribution. One species of macro-algae is the second most sensitive of all seawater organisms.

ZnO nano

There are a very limited number of studies that could be used for algae because most studies did not compare the nanoform with bulk or other zinc compound. The lowest values are:

-         Acute toxicity freshwater: 0.042 mgZn/l for Pseudokircherniella subcapitata

-         Chronic toxicity freshwater: 0.17 mgZn/l forPseudokircherniella subcapitata

Only one study is present for marine chronic toxicity (Dunaliella tertiolecta) with a value of 0.08 mgZn/l

We can see that values for the nano ZnO are again in the range of those of the bulk or other zinc compounds.

The available data on hydrogen peroxide show, that Zn2+ is the determining factor for ecotoxicity.