m-phenylene di(acetate)

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Resorcinol diacetate was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with four histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with a tryptophan-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). The test was performed in two independent experiments in the presence and absence of S9-mix (rat liver S9-mix induced by Aroclor 1254).

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

m-phenylene di(acetate)

EC Number:

203-596-2

EC Name:

m-phenylene di(acetate)

Cas Number:

108-58-7

Molecular formula:

C10H10O4

IUPAC Name:

3-(acetyloxy)phenyl acetate

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identification: Resorcinol diacetate
Appearance: Brown liquid
Purity/Composition: 98.52% (GC)
Test item storage: At room temperature

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9-mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment 1:
0, 52, 164, 512, 1600, or 5000 µg/plate
Experiment 2:
0, 187, 426, 968, 2200, or 5000 µg/plate

In the dose range finding test, the test item was tested up to concentrations of 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix in the strains TA100 and WP2uvrA. Resorcinol diacetate did not precipitate on the plates at this dose level.

Vehicle / solvent:

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

not specified

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

2-nitrofluorene

sodium azide

methylmethanesulfonate

other: ICR-191

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Mutation assay
At least five different doses (increasing with approximately half-log steps) of the test item were tested in triplicate in each strain. The dose range finding study with the two tester strains TA100 and WP2uvrA, is part of the first mutation experiment. In the second part of this experiment, the test item was tested both in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98. In a follow-up experiment with additional parameters, the test item was tested both in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in all tester strains.
The negative control (vehicle) and relevant positive controls were concurrently tested in each strain in the presence and absence of S9-mix.
Top agar in top agar tubes was melted by heating to 45 ± 2°C. The following solutions were successively added to 3 ml molten top agar: 0.1 ml of a fresh bacterial culture (109 cells/ml) of one of the tester strains, 0.1 ml of a dilution of the test item in DMSO and either 0.5 ml S9-mix (in case of activation assays) or 0.5 ml 0.1 M phosphate buffer (in case of non-activation assays). The ingredients were mixed on a Vortex and the content of the top agar tube was poured onto a selective agar plate. After solidification of the top agar, the plates were inverted and incubated in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0 °C for 48 ± 4 h. After this period revertant colonies (histidine independent (His+) for Salmonella typhimurium bacteria and tryptophan independent (Trp+) for Escherichia coli) were counted.

Rationale for test conditions:

Selection of an adequate range of doses was based on a dose range finding test with the strains TA100 and WP2uvrA, both with and without 5% (v/v) S9-mix. Eight concentrations, 1.7, 5.4, 17, 52, 164, 512, 1600 and 5000 μg/plate were tested in triplicate. The highest concentration of Resorcinol diacetate used in the subsequent mutation assay was 5000 μg/plate.

Evaluation criteria:

Acceptability of the assay
A Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and/or Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
a) The vehicle control and positive control plates from each tester strain (with or without S9-mix) must exhibit a characteristic number of revertant colonies when compared against relevant historical control data generated at WIL Research Europe.
b) The selected dose range should include a clearly toxic concentration or should exhibit limited solubility as demonstrated by the preliminary toxicity range-finding test or should extend to 5 mg/plate.
c) No more than 5% of the plates are lost through contamination or some other unforeseen event. If the results are considered invalid due to contamination, the experiment will be repeated.

Data evaluation and statistical procedures
A test item is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 or TA98 is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) The negative response should be reproducible in at least one follow-up experiment.

A test item is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a) The total number of revertants in the tester strain TA100 or WP2uvrA is greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 is greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b) In case a follow up experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one follow up experiment.

Results and discussion

Test results

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA)

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

other: TA98 in the presence of S9-mix (moderate reduction of the revertant colonies at the highest tested concentration) and TA100 in the absence of S9-mix (slight reduction of the revertant colonies at the highest tested concentration)

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

Resorcinol diacetate did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in the tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in a follow-up experiment.

Any other information on results incl. tables

In this study, acceptable responses were obtained for the negative and strain-specific positive control items indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Resorcinol diacetate was negative in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with four histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with a tryptophan-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA) with and without metabolic activation.

Executive summary:

Resorcinol diacetate was tested in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay with four histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay with a tryptophan-requiring strain of Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). The test was performed in two independent experiments in the presence and absence of S9-mix (rat liver S9-mix induced by Aroclor 1254).

The test item was a brown liquid with a purity of 98.52% (GC). The test item was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide.

In the dose range finding test, the test item was tested up to concentrations of 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix in the strains TA100 and WP2uvrA. Resorcinol diacetate did not precipitate on the plates at this dose level. The bacterial background lawn was not reduced at any of the concentrations tested and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed. Results of this dose range finding test were reported as part of the first mutation assay.

Based on the results of the dose range finding test, the test item was tested in the first mutation assay at a concentration range of 52 to 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98. Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants, was only observed in tester strain TA98 in the presence of S9-mix at the highest tested concentration.

In a follow-up experiment of the assay with additional parameters, the test item was tested at a concentration range of 187 to 5000 μg/plate in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in the tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP2uvrA. Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants, was only observed in tester strain TA100 in the absence of S9-mix at the highest tested concentration.

Resorcinol diacetate did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in the tester strain WP2uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in a follow-up experiment.

In this study, acceptable responses were obtained for the negative and strain-specific positive control items indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly.

Based on the results of this study it is concluded that Resorcinol diacetate is negative (not mutagenic) in the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and in the Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.