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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Skin irritation of the test item was evaluated with the EpiDerm Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. Cell viability of the multi-layered tissue culture of highly differentiated epidermal keratinocytes topically exposed to the test substance was evaluated using the MTT assay, which measures the conversion of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) into a blue formazan salt. Undiluted test item was applied to the EpiDerm tissue for 60 minutes, alongside a negative and positive control. Following 42 hour post-exposure incubation, the mean relative absorbance value of the test item that corresponds to cell viability, did not significantly decrease (95%; threshold for irritancy: ≤ 50%), consequently the test item was not irritating to skin in vitro. Conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 439 and GLP, the study is considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1).

Eye irritation of the test item has been evaluated in two in vitro tests, The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test (BCOP, OECD 437) and the Reconstructed human Cornea-like Epithelium Test (RhCE, OECD 492). The BCOP utilises measurements of corneal opacity as an indicator of protein denaturation, swelling, vacuolation and tissue damage, and corneal fluorescein retention/leakage provides a measure of permeability in vitro. Whereas the EpiOcular™ 3D model of the human corneal epithelium measures cell viability as a measure of ocular irritation in the RhCE test method.

In the BCOP, the calculated In Vitro Irritation Score (IVIS) of the test substance was above the cut-off value of 3 (UN GHS no category) and below the cut-off value of 55 for identifying test substances as inducing serious eye damage (UN GHS Category 1). Consequently, no direct conclusion regarding the irritant or corrosive classification for the test item could be made.  The EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test (EIT) was conducted following the equivocal results in the BCOP. The mean percentage viability of the EpiOcular™ tissues treated with Uverithe was 86.7%, relative to negative controls. According to the GHS and CLP criteria, the EpiOcular™ EIT categorised the test item as “No Category”. Conducted according to the aforementioned guidelines and GLP, the study passed all validity criteria and was considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
19 July 2016 - 12 August 2016
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Justification for type of information:
Elicited via a disturbance of the desquamation process and an inflammatory response (i.e. papules, vesicles, bullae and oedema), skin irritation requires penetration of the stratum corneum and elicitation of a biological response. According to Annex VII of the REACH Regulation if new test data are required, these must be derived from in vitro methods only. The EpiDerm™ human skin model (OECD 439) has been validated extensively and is an accepted in vitro test method to detect skin corrosion/irritation (Category 1 or 2) and/or the absence of effects (not classified under CLP).
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
Version / remarks:
adopted 28 July 2015
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)
Version / remarks:
Commission Regulation (EU) No. 640/2012, Method B.46: In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method, adopted July 06, 2012
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No. of test material: sponsor batch# 434/08/15
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: March 2020
- Purity test date: 21 January 2016

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Composition: Antimony oxide (Sb2O3) 38.60%; Titanium oxide (TiO) 31.15%; Calcium oxide (CaO) 26.67%; Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 4.40%; Fluorine (F-) 1.53%.
- Physical characteristics: Powder
- Storage condition of test material: At ambient temperature (10 - 25°), container kept tightly closed and stored in a dry and well-ventilated place.

TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: The optical properties of the test item were evaluated under aqueous conditions (25 mg Uverithe was mixed with 300 μL deionized water1 and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 and 95% relative humidity (RH) for 60 minutes). No discolorations were noted. The test item was also evaluated for its potential to interfere with the MTT assay reagent, via reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) into a blue formazan salt. Therefore, 25 mg Uverithe was added to 1 mL MTT solution and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 and 95% relative humidity (RH) for 60 minutes. Untreated MTT solution was used as control. No change of colour was noted. The test substance was not found to interact with the MTT measurement, no additional testing was performed.

OTHER SPECIFICS:
Administration of the test, negative and positive reference item: As a fine powder, 25 mg of test item was applied to the skin model with a surface area of 0.63 cm2 moistened with 25 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline to uniformly cover the skin surface.
Test system:
human skin model
Source species:
human
Cell type:
other: Differentiated epidermal keratinocytes
Cell source:
other: Keratinocyte strain 00267
Source strain:
other: All cells used to produce EpiDerm tissue are purchased or derived from tissue obtained from accredited institutions, from the donor or the donor's legal next of kin for use of the tissues or derivatives of the tissue for research purposes
Details on animal used as source of test system:
SOURCE ANIMAL
- Source: Human
- Tissue: normal epidermal keratinocytes
Justification for test system used:
The reconstructed human epidermis model system is suitable to test solids, liquids, semi-solids and waxes. The liquids may be aqueous or non-aqueous; solids may be soluble or insoluble in water.
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on test system:
RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EpiDerm™ Reconstructed Human Epidermis
- Source: MatTek in vitro Life Sceince Laboratories (Bratislava, Slovakia)
- Tissue batch number(s): 23349
- Date of analysis of tissue functionality and quality: 10 August 2016
- Date of initiation of testing: August 2016

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37 °C
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): 37 °C

REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
- Volume and number of washing steps: DPBS
- Observable damage in the tissue due to washing: None reported
- Modifications to validated SOP: None reported

MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentrate: MatTek Corporation batch no# 072616ISA
- MTT diluent: MatTek Corporation batch no# 1737674
- MTT concentration: 1 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 3 hours
- Spectrophotometer: Tecan Sunrise Magellan Version 6.4
- Wavelength: 540 nm
- Replicates: The spectrophotometer measurements were made for each of the three tissues in two replicates.

FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATA
- Viability: Manufacturer MTT assay, 2.141 ± 0.124 OD (acceptable range: 1.0 to 3.0)
- Barrier function: Manufacturer ET-50 assay, 6.16 hrs (acceptable range: 4.77 to 8.72 hrs)
- Contamination: Manufacturer long term antibiotic and antimycotic free culture, sterile (acceptable criteria: no contamination)

NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3

ASSAY ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA
- Negative control: The absolute OD of the negative control (NC) tissues (treated with sterile PBS buffer) in the MTT test is an indicator of tissue viability obtained in the testing laboratory after shipping and storing procedures and under specific conditions of use. The assay meets the acceptance criterion if the mean OD of the NC tissues is ≥ 1.0 and ≤ 2.5.
- Positive control: A 5% SDS (in H2O) solution was used as a positive control (PC) and tested concurrently with the test chemicals. Concurrent means here that the PC has to be tested in each assay, but only one PC is required per testing day. The assay meets the acceptance criterion if the mean viability of PC tissues expressed as % of the negative control tissues is ≤ 20%.
- Standard deviation: Since in each test skin irritancy potential is predicted from the mean viability determined on 3 single tissues, the variability of tissue replicates should be acceptably low. The assay meets the acceptance criterion if the standard deviation (SD) calculated from individual % tissue viabilities of the 3 identically treated replicates is ≤ 18%.

PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- Justification for the selection of the cut-off point(s): According to the EU and GHS classification (H314 or H315 / Category 1/2 or no label), an irritant is predicted if the mean relative tissue viability of three individual tissues exposed to the test substance is reduced below or equal to 50% of the mean viability of the negative controls.
mean tissue viability ≤ 50% Irritant (I), (H314 or H315 or GHS Category 1 or 29)
mean tissue viability > 50% non-irritant (NI).
Control samples:
yes, concurrent negative control
yes, concurrent positive control
Amount/concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 25 mg of the test item was applied to 0.63 cm2 skin model

NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Negative control: Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (D-PBS)
- Source and lot/batch number: GIBCO Invitrogen GmbH (76131, Germany) batch no# 1782127
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 30 µL

POSITIVE CONTROL
- Positive control: Sodium dodecyl sulphate
- Source and lot/batch number: MatTek Corporation batch no# 012616TMB
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 30 µL
- Concentration (if solution): 5% aqueous solution
Duration of treatment / exposure:
60 minutes
Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
42 hour
Number of replicates:
3
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
% tissue viability
Remarks:
results presented as decimal figure (i.e. 100% = 1)
Run / experiment:
Mean % optical density (OD540) relative to negative controls (n= 3)
Value:
1.029
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: absolute optical density (OD 540)
Run / experiment:
Tissue 1
Value:
1.884
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: absolute optical density (OD 540)
Run / experiment:
Tissue 2
Value:
1.636
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation / corrosion parameter:
other: absolute optical density (OD 540)
Run / experiment:
Tissue 3
Value:
1.907
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Other effects / acceptance of results:
- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: no
- Direct-MTT reduction: no
- Colour interference with MTT: no

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The mean optical density (OD) of 3 negative control tissues was 1.758 and was well within the acceptable range of ≥ 1.0 to ≤ 2.5.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: The viability of cells treated with the positive reference item, 5% SDS, was 5.1% of the negative control and fulfilled the acceptance criterion of ≤ 20%.
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: The standard deviation determined for all triplicates was below the limit of acceptance of 18%.
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline: Results for positive and negative control were in line with historical data. All acceptance criteria required were fulfilled.
Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
Under the test conditions, Uverithe was non-cytotoxic to in an experiment employing an artificial three-dimensional model of human skin. The test item did not show irritant properties and should not be classified as irritant (UN GHS no category).
Executive summary:

Skin irritation of the test item was evaluated with the EpiDerm Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. Cell viability of the multi-layered tissue culture of highly differentiated epidermal keratinocytes topically exposed to the test substance was evaluated using the MTT assay, which measures the conversion of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) into a blue formazan salt.

Undiluted test item was applied to the EpiDerm tissue for 60 minutes, alongside a negative and positive control. The mean relative absorbance value of the test item, corresponding to the cell viability did not significantly decrease (102.9 %; threshold for irritancy: ≤ 50%), consequently the test item was not irritant to skin.

The test item passed the MTT- and the Colour Interference pre-tests. Conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 439 and GLP, the study is considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1).

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
15 December 2016 - 10 January 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Justification for type of information:
Eye irritation is primarily defined by the extent of corneal injury; substances which damage the superficial epithelium may cause slight irritation, whereas further penetration to the corneal stroma or endothelium may induce mild or severe irritation, respectively. The EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test (EIT) was conducted for the test item, following equivocal results in the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test method (OECD 437). The reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCE) test method, utilises a commercially available 3D model of the human corneal epithelium, derived from normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The MatTek EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test (OECD 492) has been validated extensively and is an accepted in vitro test method to detect eye corrosion/irritation (Category 1) and/or the absence of effects (not classified under CLP). Data from OECD 492 can be used for REACH Annex VII and Annex VIII requirements for serious eye damage/eye irritation. Solid and partially soluble solids, such as Uverithe, are not considered to be outside the applicability domain of the test method.
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No. of test material: sponsor batch# 434/08/15
- Manufacture date of the lot/batch: 04/2015
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 2/2020

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Composition: Antimony oxide (Sb2O3) 38.60%; Titanium oxide (TiO) 31.15%; Calcium oxide (CaO) 26.67%; Silicon oxide (SiO2): 4.40%; and Fluorine (F-): 1.53%.
- Physical characteristics: Powder
- Storage condition of test material: At ambient temperature (10 - 25°), container kept tightly closed and stored in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Species:
human
Strain:
not specified
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
TEST MODEL
- Test model: EpiOcular ™ test system (Catalogue No. OCL-200-EIT, Lot no. 23758)
- Source: MatTek In Vitro Life Science, Mlynské Nivy 73, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Analysis: The MatTek EpiOcular™ corneal model is derived from normal human keratinocytes, cultured to form a stratified, 3D structure similar to that found in the cornea. Each batch of EpiOcular™ tissues is safety tested for HIV, Hepatitis-B, Hepatitis-C and bacteria, yeast and fungi by the manufacturer. Cells are cultured on 9 mm diameter permeable cell culture inserts.

ANALYSIS FOR TISSUE FUNCTIONALITY AND QUALITY
- Tissue viability (MTT QC assay): OD 1.339 ± 0.127 (1.1 - 3.0 acceptance range)
- Barrier function (ET50 assay): ET50 31.03 minutes (12.2 - 37.5 acceptance range)
- Sterility (Long term antibiotic and antimycotic free culture): sterile (no contamination)

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 37°C
- CO2 level: 5%
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
yes, concurrent positive control
yes, concurrent negative control
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 mg

POSITIVE CONTROL:
- Positive control(s): Methyl acetate
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 µL
- Source: Sigma Aldrich
- Lot/batch no. (if required): BCBR1040V

NEGATIVE CONTROL:
- Negative control(s): Ultrapure water
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Exposure 6 hours ± 15 minutes
Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- Following rinsing and drying, tissues were submerged in EpiOcular™ medium and incubated at ambient temperature for 25 ± 1 minute post-soak period, to ensure removal of the absorbed test item. Tissues were blotted dry on tissue paper, then returned to prewarmed EpiOcular™ medium and incubated for a further 18 hours prior to the MTT assay.
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
3
Details on study design:
TEST MODEL
- Test model: EpiOcular ™ test system (Catalogue No. OCL-200-EIT, Lot no. 23758)
- Source: MatTek In Vitro Life Science, Mlynské Nivy 73, Bratislava, Slovakia

ANALYSIS FOR TISSUE FUNCTIONALITY AND QUALITY
- Analysis: The MatTek EpiOcular™ corneal model is derived from normal human keratinocytes, cultured to form a stratified, 3D structure similar to that found in the cornea. Each batch of EpiOcular™ tissues is safety tested for HIV, Hepatitis-B, Hepatitis-C and bacteria, yeast and fungi by the manufacturer. Cells are cultured on 9 mm diameter permeable cell culture inserts.
- Tissue viability (MTT QC assay): OD 1.339 ± 0.127 (1.1 - 3.0 acceptance range)
- Barrier function (ET50 assay): ET50 31.03 minutes (12.2 - 37.5 acceptance range)
- Sterility (Long term antibiotic and antimycotic free culture): sterile (no contamination)

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 37°C
- CO2 level: 5%

PREDOSE TREATMENT
- Prior to application of the test items or controls, the surface of each EpiOcular™ tissue was moistened with PBS (20 µL). The tissues were incubated for a further 30 ± 2 minutes prior to dosing.

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 mg
- Application of test item to tissues: Solid test item was applied directly to the EpiOcular™ surface, in triplicate. Prior to dosing, a weighting trial was conducted to ensure that approximately 50 mg could be delivered accurately.

POSITIVE CONTROL:
- Positive control(s): Methyl acetate
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 50 µL
- Source: Sigma Aldrich
- Lot/batch no. (if required): BCBR1040V
- Application of positive control to tissues: Control items were applied with a positive displacement pipette and spread evenly over the tissue using the pipette tip, in triplicate

NEGATIVE CONTROL:
- Negative control(s): Ultrapure water
- Application of positive control to tissues: Control items were applied with a positive displacement pipette and spread evenly over the tissue using the pipette tip, in triplicate

MTT DIRECT REDUCTION TEST
Uverithe (50 mg  2 mg) was incubated in a solution of MTT in phosphate buffered saline (1 mL, 1 mg/mL) in a 12 well plate. Eugenol and water (both 50 µL) were used as positive and negative controls for MTT reduction, respectively. Formation of a purple colour was assessed visually following incubation for 3 h ± 10 min. MTT direct reduction assessment was carried out in duplicate for each test and control item. Test items that reduced MTT required additional killed tissue (non specific MTT reduction, NSMTT) controls to be run in parallel with the irritation assay. MTT reducing test chemicals were applied to three killed tissue replicates, which then underwent the entire testing procedure, to generate a (NSMTT) control. In parallel, three killed tissues were treated with the negative control (ultrapure water), to generate a “killed untreated” NSMTT value.

IDENTIFICATION OF COLOUR INTERFERING TEST ITEMS
To identify potential interference by a coloured test item, Uverithe (50 mg  2 mg) was incubated with water (1 mL) or isopropanol (1 mL) for ca 1 h. Each solvent was tested in duplicate. As the test item did not fully dissolve and particles were present in the aliquots, it was not possible to assess the optical density of the test item, therefore, a visual observation of the assessment of colour was performed instead.
Colour interfering test items required additional controls with viable tissues (in triplicate) which underwent the entire testing procedure but were incubated with medium instead of MTT solution during the MTT assay. This generated a non specific colour in living tissues (NSCliving) control. The NSCliving control was performed concurrently to the testing of the coloured test item, and on every occasion where the coloured test item was tested due to the inherent biological variability of living tissues. Test items that were identified as reducing MTT and causing colour interference required a third set of adapted controls. This was the non-specific colour in killed tissues (NSCkilled) control. In this control, the test item was applied to three killed tissue replicates (on one occasion) which underwent the entire testing procedure but were incubated with medium instead of MTT solution during the MTT assay.

TEST SYSTEM SET UP
EpiOcular™ tissues were shipped in sterile units and on arrival were transferred to 6 well plates containing EpiOcular™ Medium (1 mL). Prior to transfer, the pH and temperature indicators were checked and found to be acceptable. The EpiOcular™ tissues were incubated for ca 1 h, allowing tissues to recover. After this initial recovery period, spent media was replaced with fresh EpiOcular™ Medium (1 mL) and then tissues were incubated overnight prior to performing the EIT as described in the EpiOcular™ EIT Protocol provided by MatTek[3].
Killed tissues were previously prepared by transferring the tissues from transport agar into empty wells in a plate. The tissues then went through 2 freeze thaw cycles using a freezer set to maintain a temperature of -20°C. Following the second thaw the tissues were stored in a freezer set to maintain a temperature of -20°C until required. On the day of use the tissues were removed from the freezer, thawed to room temperature and transferred to a 6 well plate containing EpiOcular™ Medium (1 mL). Killed tissues were then treated as per living tissues.

EXPOSURE
- Exposure: 6 hours ± 15 minutes
- Rinsing procedure: The test item or control treatments were removed by rinsing (3-5 times) and then tapped dry on tissue paper.
- Post-exposure incubation: Following rinsing and drying, tissues were submerged in EpiOcular™ medium and incubated at ambient temperature for 25 ± 1 minute post-soak period, to ensure removal of the absorbed test item. Tissues were blotted dry on tissue paper, then returned to prewarmed EpiOcular™ medium and incubated for a further 18 hours prior to the MTT assay.

MTT ASSAY
- Incubation: Following exposure, rinsing and recovery, viability of all EpiOcular™ tissues was measured by the MTT assay. Tissues were blotted dry and transferred to MTT solution in 24 well plates (1 mg/mL MTT in Assay Medium; 300 µL per well). Non-specific colour control tissues were transferred to EpiOcular™ Medium (1 mL) instead of MTT solution. The tissues were then incubated for 3 hours (± 10 minutes).
- Following incubation, EpiOcular™ tissues were tapped dry on tissue paper and transferred to isopropanol (2 mL).
- Formazan extraction: Samples were protected from light and evaporation using tin foil and Parafilm® and were extracted on a rocking platform at ambient temperature for 2 h. Tissues were removed, and extraction solutions were collected. Duplicate aliquots (200 µL) of each isopropanol extract were transferred to 96 well plates and measured using a BioTek ELx808 plate reader at 562 nm. Wells containing isopropanol were read in parallel as blanks.
- Optical density (OD) was read using a BioTek ELx808 plate reader with assay parameter setup and data capture by WinKQCL Version 3.0.1.

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
The assay was deemed acceptable if:
- The mean OD value of the negative control tissues was >0.8 and <2.5, and the SD of the final viability between the three replicates was <18%.
- The mean % viability of the positive control tissues was <50%, and the variability in the % viability of the tissues was <20% or SD of the final viability between the three replicates was <18%.
The results of a test item were deemed acceptable if:
- The SD of the final viability between the three replicates was <18% and the variability in the % viability of the three tissues was <20%.
Irritation parameter:
other: Viability
Run / experiment:
Mean corrected final viability (%)
Value:
86.7
Vehicle controls validity:
not applicable
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Other effects / acceptance of results:
OTHER EFFECTS:
- MTT Direct Reduction Test/Colour interference: Uverithe did not reduce MTT in the direct reduction test, and was not considered to interfere with visual colour observations.

TEST ITEM RESULTS
- Uverithe resulted in a mean corrected final viability of 86.7% (SD: 9.7%). Thus, the test item achieved a “No category” GHS classification.
- The variability between replicates was acceptable, with an SD (of the final viability) <18%.

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The mean A562 value measured for the negative control tissues was 1.33. This was within the assay acceptance criteria values of 0.5 to 2.5, with an SD (of the final viability) <18% (SD was 3.78%).
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: The mean calculated viability for the positive control was 20.5% (SD: 0.9%). In both cases, these were within the assay acceptance criteria of <50%, with a SD <18%.

Results of the EIT for Uverithe and controls

 

Tissue ID.

Aliquot OD562

Corrected OD562

Mean OD562

Mean OD562

% Viability

Mean Final % Viability

SD

Corrected Final Viability (%)

UN GHS Classification

Tissue Treatment

1

2

1

2

Negative Control (NC)

NC-A

1.389

1.402

1.351

1.364

1.357

1.334

101.74

100.00

3.78

100.00

No Category

 

NC-B

1.316

1.313

1.278

1.275

1.276

95.66

 

NC-C

1.414

1.400

1.376

1.362

1.369

102.60

Positive Control (PC)

PC-A

0.321

0.327

0.283

0.289

0.286

 

21.41

20.51

0.90

20.51

Category 1/2

 

PC-B

0.301

0.299

0.263

0.261

0.262

 

19.62

 

PC-C

0.312

0.312

0.274

0.274

0.274

 

20.51

Uverithe

TT1A

1.070

1.077

1.032

1.039

1.035

 

77.60

86.71

9.70

86.71

No Category

 

TT1B

1.189

1.172

1.151

1.134

1.142

 

85.62

 

TT1C

1.331

1.331

1.293

1.293

1.293

 

96.90

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
The EpiOcular™ (OECD 492) has been validated extensively and is an accepted in vitro test method to detect the absence of effects (not classified under CLP). Solids and partially soluble solids, such as Uverithe, are not considered to be outside the applicability domain of the test method. Consequently, data from the EpiOcular™ EIT can be used to fulfil Annex VII and Annex VIII requirements for serious eye damage/eye irritation potential. The mean percentage viability of the EpiOcular™ tissues treated with Uverithe was 86.7%, compared to the negative control. According to the GHS and CLP criteria, the EpiOcular™ EIT categorised the test item as “No Category”. Conducted according to the aforementioned guidelines and GLP, the study passed all validity criteria and was considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1).
Executive summary:

Eye irritation is primarily defined by the extent of corneal injury; substances which damage the superficial epithelium may cause slight irritation, whereas further penetration to the corneal stroma or endothelium may induce mild or severe irritation, respectively. A reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCE) test method, using the EpiOcular™ 3D model of the human corneal epithelium, was conducted for the test item.

The test item was applied to the upper surface of the EpiOcular™ tissue, equivalent to the anterior surface of the human cornea, for 6 hours ± 15 minutes and then rinsed in phosphate buffered saline. Following post-soak and recovery periods, cell viability was assayed as a measure of ocular irritation potential, using the MTT assay. In viable cells, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity reduces MTT (Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) to a bluey purple formazan metabolite. The reduction of the MTT solution was measured using a spectrophotometer.

The mean percentage viability of the EpiOcular™ tissues treated with Uverithe was 86.7%, compared to the negative control. The variability between replicates was acceptable, with an SD (of the final viability) <18%. The EpiOcular™ EIT was successfully run, with all positive and negative control acceptance criteria being met. The MatTek EpiOcular™ Eye Irritation Test (OECD 492) has been validated extensively and is an accepted in vitro test method to detect eye corrosion/irritation (Category 1) and/or the absence of effects (not classified under CLP). Conducted according to the aforementioned guidelines and GLP, the study passed all validity criteria and was considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1).

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

Justification for classification or non-classification

Elicited via a disturbance of the desquamation process and an inflammatory response (i.e. papules, vesicles, bullae and oedema), skin irritation requires penetration of the stratum corneum and elicitation of a biological response. According to Annex VII and VIII of the REACH Regulations if new test data are required, these must be derived from in vitro methods only. The EpiDerm™ human skin model (OECD 439) has been validated extensively and is an accepted in vitro test method to detect skin corrosion/irritation (Category 1 or 2) and/or the absence of effects (not classified under CLP). Uverithe was non-cytotoxic in an in vitro experiment employing the EpiDerm™ artificial three-dimensional model of human skin. Uverithe did not show irritant properties and should not be classified as an irritant (UN GHS no category). Conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 439 and GLP, the study was considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1) and sufficient for classification.

According to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation or CLP) all available information relevant for the evaluation of the specific hazard should be considered in a weight of evidence (WoE) assessment, when the criteria cannot be applied directly (Article 9 (3), CLP). The BCOP (EU B.47; OECD 437) is an intentionally accepted in vitro test method to detect serious eye damage (Category 1 under CLP) and/or absence of effects requiring classification for serious eye damage/eye irritation (i.e. not classified under CLP), as described in the Annex to the EU Test Methods (TM) Regulation (Council Regulation (EC) No 440/2008). Conducted according to the aforementioned guidelines and GLP, the BCOP passed all validity criteria and was considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1). However, the calculated In Vitro Irritation Score (IVIS) of the test substance is above the cut-off value of 3 (UN GHS no category) and below the cut-off value of 55 for identifying test substances as inducing serious eye damage (UN GHS Category 1). Consequently, no direct conclusion regarding the irritant or corrosive classification for the test item can be made.

Uverithe is a low solubility inorganic powder. In the absence of functional groups associated with chemical irritancy, skin irritancy and corneal permeability, a further in vitro study was conducted to clarify the equivocal BCOP result. The EpiOcular™ (OECD 492) has been validated extensively and is an accepted in vitro test method to detect the absence of effects (not classified under CLP). Solids and partially soluble solids, such as uverithe, are not considered to be outside the applicability domain of the test method. Consequently, data from the EpiOcular™ EIT can be used to fulfil Annex VII and Annex VIII requirements for serious eye damage/eye irritation potential. The mean percentage viability of the EpiOcular™ tissues treated with uverithe was 86.7%, compared to the negative control. According to the GHS and CLP criteria, the EpiOcular™ EIT categorised the test item as “No Category”. Conducted according to the aforementioned guidelines and GLP, the study passed all validity criteria and was considered to be reliable without restriction (Klimisch 1).