Trideca-1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-fluorohexane

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin Irritation: Not irritating

Eye Irritation: Not irritating

Respiratory Irritation: No data available

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2016-03-14 to 2016-03-21

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

The study integrity was not adversely affected by the deviation.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: AGC Chemicals Europe Ltd; Batch no. 41251
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 01 March 2017 (nominal expiry date) (taken from label)
- Purity test date: Not specified

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: until 01 March 2017 (nominal expiry date) (taken from label)

FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST (if different from that of starting material): Colourless liquid

OTHER SPECIFICS:

Purity/Composition: 100.00%
Molecular weight: 320

Test system:

human skin model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

non-transformed keratinocytes

Cell source:

other: Not specified

Justification for test system used:

In the interest of sound science and animal welfare, a sequential testing strategy is recommended to minimise the need of in vivo testing. One of the validated in vitro skin irritation tests is the EPISKIN test, which is recommended in international guidelines (e.g. OECD and EC).

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on test system:

SKIN DISC PREPARATION
- Procedure used: Preparation and preincubation: On the day of receipt the tissues were transferred to 12-well plates and preincubated with prewarmed Maintenance Medium for 21.5 hours at 37°C. Maintenance medium and Assay medium were supplied by Skinethic Laboratories, Lyon, France.

MTT medium: MTT concentrate (Sigma Aldrich, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands; 3 mg/ml in PBS) diluted (10x) in Assay medium (final concentration 0.3 mg/ml).

Environmental conditions
All incubations, with the exception of the test item incubation of 15 minutes at room temperature, were carried out in a controlled environment, in which optimal conditions were a humid atmosphere of 80 - 100% (actual range 67- 87%), containing 5.0 ± 0.5% CO2 in air in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C (actual range 36.3- 37.3°C). Temperature and humidity were continuously monitored throughout the experiment. The CO2 percentage was monitored once on each working day.

- Quality control for skin discs: Electrical resistance obtained with two of the isolated skin discs was [complete, e.g. 10 kΩ]

Application/Treatment of the test item
The test was performed on a total of 3 tissues per test item together with negative and positive controls. Twenty five µL of the undiluted test item was added into 12-well plates on top of the skin tissues. Three tissues were treated with 25 µL PBS (negative control) and 3 tissues with 25 µL 5% SDS (positive control) respectively. The positive control was re-spread after 7 minutes contact time. After the exposure period of 15 ± 0.5 minutes at room temperature the tissues were washed with phosphate buffered saline to remove residual test item. At the end of the exposure, it was noted that no test item was left on the tissue, possibly due to its volatility. After rinsing, the cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and moved to a new well on 2 ml pre-warmed maintenance medium until all tissues were dosed and rinsed. Subsequently the skin tissues were incubated for 42 hours at 37°C.

Control samples:

yes, concurrent negative control

yes, concurrent positive control

Amount/concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 25 µL

NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 25 µL

POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight): 25 µL
- Concentration (if solution): 5%

Duration of treatment / exposure:

15 ± 0.5 minutes

Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):

42 hours at 37°C.

Number of replicates:

3

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

Test Material

Value:

ca. 119

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Other effects / acceptance of results:

- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: No
- Direct-MTT reduction: Asahiklin™ AC-2000 was checked for colour interference in aqueous conditions and possible direct MTT reduction by adding the test item to MTT medium. Because no colour changes were observed it was concluded that Asahiklin™ AC-2000 did not interact with the MTT endpoint.
- Colour interference with MTT: Asahiklin™ AC-2000 was checked for colour interference in aqueous conditions and possible direct MTT reduction by adding the test item to MTT medium. Because no colour changes were observed it was concluded that Asahiklin™ AC-2000 did not interact with the MTT endpoint.

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Yes
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: Yes
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline:

The positive control had a mean cell viability after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure of 44%. The absolute mean OD570 of the negative control tissues was within the laboratory historical control data range. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically with the positive and negative control was less than 8%, indicating that the test system functioned properly. The standard deviation of the viability of the test item treated tissues was 27% which is above acceptance criteria. But, since all individual viabilities were clearly >50%, this does not influence the outcome of the test (study plan deviation 1).

Table 2. Mean absorption in the in vitro skin irritation test with Asahiklin™ AC-2000
	A (OD570)	B (OD570)	C (OD570)	Mean (OD570)	SD
Negative control	1.066	1.052	1.024	1.047	± 0.022
Asahiklin™ AC-2000	1.568	1.157	1.026	1.250	± 0.283
Positive control	0.398	0.549	0.437	0.462	± 0.078

OD = optical density

SD = Standard deviation

Triplicate exposures are indicated by A, B and C.

In this table, the values are corrected for background absorption (0.0408). Isopropanol was used to

measure the background absorption.

 

Table 3. Mean tissue viability in the in vitro skin irritation test with Asahiklin™ AC-2000
	Mean tissue viability (percentage of control)
Negative control	100
Asahiklin™ AC-2000	119
Positive control	44

Interpretation of results:

other: Not irritating

Remarks:

GHS Criteria

Conclusions:

Asahiklin™ AC-2000 is non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test under the experimental conditions described in this report and should not be classified according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) of the United Nations.

Executive summary:

In a key in vitro skin irritation test using a human skin model, the test material (Asahiklin™ AC-2000; purity 100%) was applied undiluted (25 µL) directly on top of the skin tissue (human three dimensional epidermal model (EPISKIN Small Model (EPISKIN-SM^TM))) for 15 ± 0.5 minutes. After a 42-hour post-incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed.

 

Cytotoxicity is expressed as the reduction of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity measured by formazan production from MTT at the end of the treatment. Skin irritation is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test item.

 

The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment with Asahiklin™ AC-2000 compared to the negative control tissues was 119%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for Asahiklin™ AC-2000 was above 50% after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment, Asahiklin™ AC-2000 is considered to be non-irritant.

 

The positive control had a mean cell viability of 44% after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure. The absolute mean OD₅₇₀ (optical density at 570 nm) of the negative control tissues was within the laboratory historical control data range. The standard deviation value of the percentage viability of three tissues treated identically with the positive and negative control was less than 8%, indicating that the test system functioned properly.

 

It was concluded that Asahiklin™ AC-2000 is non-irritant in the in vitro skin irritation test under the experimental conditions described in this report.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: AGC Chemicals Europe Ltd.(UK); Batch no. 41251
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 01 March 2017 (nominal expiry date) (taken from label)
- Purity test date: Not specified

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: until 01 March 2017 (nominal expiry date) (taken from label)

FORM AS APPLIED IN THE TEST (if different from that of starting material): Colourless liquid

OTHER SPECIFICS:

Purity/Composition: 100.00%
Molecular weight: 320

Species:

cattle

Strain:

other: Not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Bovine eyes from young cattle were obtained from the slaughterhouse (Vitelco, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands), where the eyes were excised by a slaughterhouse employee as soon as possible after slaughter.
- Number of animals: 3 corneas each for replicate of the test material; negative control; and positive control
- Characteristics of donor animals (e.g. age, sex, weight): not specified
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue (e.g. transport time, transport media and temperature, and other conditions): Bovine eyes from young cattle were obtained from the where the eyes were excised by a slaughterhouse employee as soon as possible after slaughter. Eyes were collected and transported in physiological saline in a suitable container under cooled conditions.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: Not specified
- indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: The eyes were checked for unacceptable defects, such as opacity, scratches, pigmentation and neovascularization by removing them from the physiological saline and holding them in the light. Those exhibiting defects were discarded.
- Indication of any antibiotics used: No

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µL undiluted

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 ± 1 minutes

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

120 ± 10 minutes at 32 ±1°C

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3

Details on study design:

SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
Preparation of corneas
The eyes were checked for unacceptable defects, such as opacity, scratches, pigmentation and neovascularization by removing them from the physiological saline and holding them in the light. Those exhibiting defects were discarded. The isolated corneas were stored in a petri dish with cMEM (Earle’s Minimum Essential Medium (Life Technologies, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands) containing 1% (v/v) L-glutamine (Life Technologies) and 1% (v/v) Foetal Bovine Serum (Life Technologies)). The isolated corneas were mounted in a corneal holder (one cornea per holder) of BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany) with the endothelial side against the O-ring of the posterior half of the holder. The anterior half of the holder was positioned on top of the cornea and tightened with screws. The compartments of the corneal holder were filled with cMEM of 32 ± 1°C. The corneas were incubated for the minimum of 1 hour at 32 ± 1°C.

Cornea selection and Opacity reading
After the incubation period, the medium was removed from both compartments and replaced with fresh cMEM. Opacity determinations were performed on each of the corneas using an opacitometer (BASF-OP3.0, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany). The opacity of each cornea was read against a cMEM filled chamber, and the initial opacity reading thus determined was recorded.

QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
Corneas that had an initial opacity reading higher than 7 were not used.

NUMBER OF REPLICATES
Three corneas were selected at random for each treatment group

NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
A negative control, physiological saline (Eurovet Animal Health, Bladel, The Netherlands) was included to detect non-specific changes in the test system and to provide a baseline for the assay endpoints.

POSITIVE CONTROL USED
Ethanol

APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
750 µl of either the negative control, positive control (Ethanol) or test item was introduced onto the epithelium of the cornea for 10 ± 1 minutes at 32 ± 1°C

TREATMENT METHOD: closed chamber

POST-INCUBATION PERIOD: yes
After the incubation the solutions were removed and the epithelium was washed with MEM with phenol red (Earle’s Minimum Essential Medium, Life Technologies) and thereafter with cMEM. Possible pH effects of the test item on the corneas were recorded. The medium in the posterior compartment was removed and both compartments were refilled with fresh cMEM.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period: After the incubation the solutions were removed and the epithelium was washed with MEM with phenol red (Earle’s Minimum Essential Medium, Life Technologies) and thereafter with cMEM.

- POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION:
corneas were incubated for 120 ± 10 minutes at 32 ±1°C

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity:The opacity of a cornea was measured by the diminution of light passing through the cornea. The light was measured as illuminance (I = luminous flux per area, unit: lux) by a light meter.The opacity value (measured with the device OP-KIT) was calculated according to:

Opacity = ((I0/I) – 0.9894)/0.0251

Where: I0 = the empirically determined illuminance through a cornea holder but with windows and medium

I = the measured illuminance through a holder with cornea.

- Corneal permeability: passage of sodium fluorescein dye measured with the aid of microtiter plate reader] (OD490): Following the final opacity measurement, permeability of the cornea to Na-fluorescein (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) was evaluated. The medium of both compartments (anterior compartment first) was removed. The posterior compartment was refilled with fresh cMEM. The anterior compartment was filled with 1 ml of 4 mg Na-fluorescein (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Germany)/ml cMEM solution. The holders were slightly
rotated, with the corneas maintained in a horizontal position, to ensure uniform distribution of the sodium-fluorescein solution over the entire cornea. Corneas were incubated in a horizontal position for 90 ± 5 minutes at 32 ±1°C.

After the incubation period, the medium in the posterior compartment of each holder was removed and placed into a sampling tube labelled according to holder number. 360 µl of the medium from each sampling tube was transferred to a 96-well plate. The optical density at 490 nm (OD490) of each sampling tube was measured in triplicate using a microplate reader (TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader). Any OD490 that was 1.500 or higher was diluted to bring the OD490 into the acceptable range (linearity up to OD490 of 1.500 was verified before the start of the experiment). OD490 values of less than 1.500 were used in the permeability calculation.The mean OD490 for each treatment was calculated using cMEM corrected OD490 values. If a dilution has been performed, the OD490 of each reading of the positive control and the test item was corrected for the mean negative control OD490 before the dilution factor was applied to the reading.

SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS): The mean opacity and mean permeability values (OD490) were used for each treatment group to calculate an in vitro score:

In vitro irritancy score (IVIS) = mean opacity value + (15 x mean OD490 value)

Additionally the opacity and permeability values were evaluated independently to determine whether the test item induced irritation through only one of the two endpoints. The IVIS cut-off values for identifying the test items as inducing serious eye damage (UN GHS
Category 1) and test items not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage (UN GHS No Category) are given in Table 1.

DECISION CRITERIA: please specify if the decision criteria as indicated in the TG was used.

he assay is considered acceptable if:
- The positive control gives an in vitro irritancy score that falls within two standard deviations of the current historical mean.
- The negative control responses should result in opacity and permeability values that are less than the upper limits of the laboratory historical range.

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Run / experiment:

Test Material

Value:

ca. -0.2

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: corneas were clear after the 10 minutes of treatment

Other effects / acceptance of results:

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The individual in vitro irritancy scores for the negative controls ranged from -2.1 to -0.1.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: The individual positive control in vitro irritancy scores ranged from 34 to 39 for Ethanol. The corneas treated with the positive control item were turbid after the 10 minutes of treatment.OTHER EFFECTS:
- Range of historical values if different from the ones specified in the test guideline: The negative control responses for opacity and permeability were less than the upper limits of the laboratory historical range indicating that the negative control did not induce irritancy on the corneas.
The mean in vitro irritancy score of the positive control (Ethanol) was 35 and was within two standard deviations of the current historical positive control mean. It was therefore concluded that the test conditions were adequate and that the test system functioned properly.

Table 2. Summary of opacity, permeability andin vitroscores
Treatment	Mean Opacity^1	Mean Permeability^1	Mean In vitro Irritation Score^1,2
Negative control	-1.2	0.002	-1.1
Positive control (Ethanol)	19.7	1.039	35.3
Asahiklin™ AC-2000	-0.1	-0.001	-0.2

1  Calculated using the negative control mean opacity and mean permeability values for the positive  control and test item.

2  In vitro irritancy score (IVIS) = mean opacity value

Interpretation of results:

other: Not classified

Remarks:

GHS Criteria

Conclusions:

The test material did not induce ocular irritation through both endpoints, resulting in a mean in vitro irritancy score of -0.2 after 10 minutes of treatment.
 
Since 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane induced an IVIS ≤ 3, no classification is required for eye irritation or serious eye damage.

Executive summary:

In a key guideline (OECD 437) in vitro eye irritation study, the eye hazard potential of test material (1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane) was evaluated using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test (BCOP test).

 

The test material was topically applied undiluted on the epithelium of the bovine cornea for 10 minutes. Post exposure the cornea was thoroughly rinsed to remove the test item and incubated for 2 hours with fresh medium followed by opacity measurement and the permeability of the corneas was determined after a 90 minutes incubation period with sodium fluorescein. A negative control, physiological saline was included to detect non-specific changes in the test system and to provide a baseline for the assay endpoints while ethanol was used as the positive control in this study.

 

The negative control responses for opacity and permeability were less than the upper limits of the laboratory historical range indicating that the negative control did not induce irritancy on the corneas. The mean in vitro irritancy score of the positive control was 35 and was within two standard deviations of the current historical positive control mean.

 

The test material did not induce ocular irritation through both endpoints, resulting in a mean in vitro irritancy score of -0.2 after 10 minutes of treatment.

 

Since 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane induced an IVIS ≤ 3, no classification is required for eye irritation or serious eye damage.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Skin Irritation:

In a key Guideline (OECD 439) in vitro skin irritation test using a human skin model (WIL Research Europe B.V., 2016a), the test material (1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane; purity 100%) was applied undiluted (25 µL) directly on top of the skin tissue (human three dimensional epidermal model (EPISKIN Small Model (EPISKIN-SMTM)) for 15 ± 0.5 minutes. After a 42-hour post-incubation period, determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect was performed.

  

The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment with the test material compared to the negative control tissues was 119%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for the test material was above 50% after 15 ± 0.5 minutes treatment, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane was considered to be a non-irritant. The positive control had a mean cell viability of 44% after 15 ± 0.5 minutes exposure. 

 

It was concluded that 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane was not irritating under the conditions of the in vitro skin irritation test.

Eye Irritation:

 

In a key guideline (OECD 437) in vitro eye irritation study (WIL Research Europe B.V., 2016b), the eye hazard potential of test material (1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane) was evaluated using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability test (BCOP test).

 

The test material was topically applied undiluted on the epithelium of the bovine cornea for 10 minutes. Post exposure the cornea was thoroughly rinsed to

remove the test item and incubated for 2 hours with fresh medium followed by opacity measurement and the permeability of the corneas was determined after a 90 minutes incubation period with sodium fluorescein. A negative control, physiological saline was included to detect non-specific changes in the test system and to provide a baseline for the assay endpoints while ethanol was used as the positive control in this study.

 

The negative control responses for opacity and permeability were less than the upper limits of the laboratory historical range indicating that the negative

control did not induce irritancy on the corneas. The mean in vitro irritancy score of the positive control was 35 and was within two standard deviations of the current historical positive control mean.

 

The test material did not induce ocular irritation through both endpoints, resulting in a mean in vitro irritancy score of -0.2 after 10 minutes of treatment.

 

Since 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane induced an IVIS ≤ 3, no classification is required for eye irritation or serious eye damage.

Respiratory Irritation:

No data available

Justification for classification or non-classification

Not classified for skin or eye irritation according to EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 or UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).