4,4'-trimethylenedipiperidine

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

29 September 2017 to 08 November 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Justification for type of information:

Reliable experimental study following OECD 201 guidelines (2006) and EC No. 761/2009 Method C.3 adopted 2009 and GLP standards.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Version / remarks:

2006

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)

Version / remarks:

761/2009

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

The test substance is listed as DIPIP (1,3-Di-4-Piperidylpropane). The test substance consists of white flakes. The test substance was obtained from the Sponsor, Vertellus Holdings LLC and stored at room temperature in the dark.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

The test was carried out using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata strain CCAP 278/4. Liquid cultures of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were obtained from the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), SAMS Research Services Ltd, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, Scotland. Master cultures were maintained in the laboratory by the periodic replenishment of culture medium. The master cultures were maintained in the laboratory under constant agitation by orbital shaker (100 to 150 rpm) and constant illumination at 24 ±1 °C.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test temperature:

24 °C ± 1 °C

pH:

Control cultures pH range 7.2 – 8.0; Test cultures had a concentration dependant increase in pH at 0 hours with a pH of 7.3 at 1.0 mg/L through to pH 10.9 at 100 mg/L. This was considered to be due to an intrinsic property of the test item and as such no adjustment to the pH of the test solutions was made prior to the addition of the algal cells.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The green alga was exposed to an aqueous solution of the test item at nominal concentrations of 1.0 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 32mg/L and 100 mg/L (three replicate flasks per concentration).

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate was used as the positive control reference item.

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

22 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

13 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

3.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

biomass

Results with reference substance (positive control):

A positive control (Envigo Study Number RD71YQ) used potassium dichromate as the reference item at concentrations of 0.25 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 2.0 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L. The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal ranges for this reference item.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

Cell conc. control increased by factor of 250 at 72 h (protocol ≥ factor of 16); mean coefficients of variation growth rates 10% (protocol ≤ 35%); coefficient of variation avg. specific growth rate in replicate control cultures 1% (protocol ≤ 7%).

Conclusions:

The test substance caused a reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures (test units) exposed to the test item for 72 h. The 72 h EC50 was 22 mg/L and the 72 h LOEC was 32 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves. The 72 h NOEC was 10 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves.

Description of key information

The key study was a static acute toxicity test on the effects of the substance on the freshwater unicellular green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata following OECD Guideline 201. The test substance caused a reduction of growth in a series of algal cultures (test units) exposed to the test item for 72 h. The 72 h ErC50 was 22 mg/L and the 72 h LOErC was 32 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves. The 72 h NOErC was 10 mg/L as determined by comparison of areas in growth curves. 

 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:

22 mg/L

EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:

10 mg/L