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EC number: 284-111-1 | CAS number: 84787-70-2 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Santalum album, Santalaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- October 2013 - January 2014
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- This test determines the inhibition of cell division over 72-hours and is based on the OECD Test Guideline 201 (1984) and the protocol of Stauber et al. (Stauber, J.L., Tsai, J., Vaughan, G., Peterson, S.M. and Brockbank, C.I. (1994). Algae as indicators of toxicity of BEKM effluents. National Pulp Mills Research Program Technical Report Series No. 3, Canberra: CSIRO, pp. 1 - 82 AND Stauber, J.L. (1995) Toxicity testing using marine and freshwater unicellular algae. Australian Journal of Ecotoxicology 1:15-24).
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- according to ISO 17025
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Isochrysis galbana
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 22 °C
- Details on test conditions:
- Organism: Isochrysis galbana
Test Type: Static
Test Duration: 72 h
Temperature: 21 ±1 °C
Light Quality: Daylight Fluorescent Lighting
Light Intensity: 150 µmol photons/s * m²
Photoperiod: 12 hour light / 12 hour dark
Test Chamber Size: 120 mL
Test Solution Volume: 20 mL
Renewal of Test Solutions: None
Age of Test Organisms: 4 - 6 days
Initial Cell Density: 3 × 10E4 cells/mL
No. of Replicates: 3
Shaking Rate: Twice daily by hand
Dilution Water: 0.45 µm filtered seawater
Endpoint: Algal Growth Inhibition
Test Acceptability: Within cusum limits - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- copper
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- negative control: cell number at 100 ±12% (mean of triplicate measurement)
0.5 mg/L sandalwood oil: cell number 100 ±10% (mean of triplicate measurement)
1 mg/L sandalwood oil: cell number 59 ±9% (mean of triplicate measurement)
5 mg/L sandalwood oil: cell number 12 ±5% (mean of triplicate measurement)
10 mg/L sandalwood oil: cell number 12 ±4% (mean of triplicate measurement)
100 mg/L sandalwood oil: cell number 9 ±4% (mean of triplicate measurement)
Concentrations reported as loading rate sandalwood oil due to the low water solubility (Water Accomodated Fraction) in seawater. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The reference substance (positive control) copper showed an EC50 value of 33.2 µg/L, indicating the test system being sensitive.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Positive control showed results as expected
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 towards Isochrysis galbana (saltwater algae species) was found being 3.0 mg/L, whereas the NOEC was fond being 0.5 mg/L in this test.
- Executive summary:
Sandalwod oil was tested for algae toxicity in a marine species (isochrysis galbana) for effects on cell number development. The low water solubility required testing unter water accomodated fraction (WAF) conditions showing a NOEC at 0.5 mg/L loading rate and an EC50 at 3.0 mg/L loading rate.
Reference
Description of key information
The EC50 towards Isochrysis galbana (saltwater algae species) was found being 3.0 mg/L, whereas the NOEC was fond being 0.5 mg/L in this test.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for marine water algae:
- 3 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
- 0.5 mg/L
Additional information
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