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EC number: 911-428-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 2017-05-08 to 2017-05-12, with the definitive exposure phase from 2017-05-09 to 2017-05-12
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures. OECD series on testing and assessment no. 23, ENV/JM/MONO(2000)6
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Type of analysis and analysis dates
The limit concentration and the control were analytically verified via analysis of total organic carbon (TOC, according to DIN EN 1484) at the start and at the end of the exposure. Separate replicates for the test item analysis after 0 and 72 hours were prepared without algae and incubated under test conditions. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF)
In view of the difficulties associated with the evaluation of aquatic toxicity of poorly water soluble test items, a modification of the standard method for the preparation of aqueous media was performed. An approach endorsed by several important regulatory authorities in the EU and elsewhere (ECETOC 1996 and OECD 2000) is to expose the organisms to a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of the test item in cases where the test item is a complex mixture and is poorly soluble in water and in the permitted solvents. Using this approach, aqueous media were prepared by mixing the test item with water for a prolonged period sufficient to ensure equilibration between the test item and the water phase. After completion of mixing and following a settlement period, the test item phase was separated by siphon and the test organisms were exposed to the aqueous phase, the WAF (which may contain dissolved and/or suspended and/or emulsified fractions of the test item mixture). Exposure was expressed in terms of the original concentration of the test item in water at the start of the mixing period (loading rate) irrespective of the actual concentration of the test item in the WAF.
Preparation of the water accommodated fraction
One water accommodated fraction (WAF) was prepared with a nominal loading of the test item of 100 mg/L. The loading level is based on the results of a preliminary range finding test (non GLP, open system).
An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted in a brown glass flask with an appropriate amount of demineralized water. These dispersion was shaken for 24 hours with 20 rpm at room temperature. After a separation phase of 1 hour, the WAF was removed by siphoning (from the approximate centre of the flask) and used in the test. Thereafter, the components of the dilution water were added to the WAF. The WAF was checked via laser beam for undissolved test item, which was positive.
Test loading
Per definition of the WAF, all terms related to concentration level were given as loading level because partly dissolved compounds and mixtures cannot be related to concentrations. The WAF was tested in a limit test.
Control
Six replicates (without test item) were tested under the same test conditions as the test item replicates. The dilution water for the preparation of the control was treated as the same as the WAF. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata HINDÁK
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG, Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Göttingen
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 days
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 2567 – 5130 lux corresponding to 35 - 70 µE ∙ m-2 ∙ s-1 for 24 h per day. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
- Hardness:
- Not specified
- Test temperature:
- min.: 21.8 max.: 23.0 mean value: 22.4
- pH:
Nominal loading level pH-value [mg/L] Start; 0 hours End; 72 hours
100 8.04 9.27
Control 8.02 9.41- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not measured
- Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater conditions
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, test volume 100 mL
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at appr. 70 rpm
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 2 - 5 x 10^3 cells/mL, Actual: mean 6839 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Mean 2570048 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Composition of Dilution Water
according to the guideline
Component Concentration [mg/L]
NH4Cl 15
MgCl2 x 6 H2O 12
CaCl2 x 2 H2O 18
MgSO4 x 7 H2O 15
KH2PO4 1.6
FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.064
Na2EDTA x 2 H2O 0.1
H3BO3 0.185
MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.415
ZnCl2 3 x 10^-3
Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 7 x 10^-3
CoCl2 x 6 H2O 1.5 x 10^-3
CuCl2 x 2 H2O 1 x 10^-5
NaHCO3 50
pH 8.1 ± 0.2
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: Approximately 4440 to 8880 lux, corresponding to 60 to 120
µE ∙ m-2 ∙ s-1, mean value: 5056 lux,
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
-Chlorophyll a-fluorescence
Cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as a background signal. No self-fluorescence was found in the preliminary range finding test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- (Potassium dichromate)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL
- Effect conc.:
- >= 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LOEL
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL20
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL
- Effect conc.:
- < 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LOEL
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- < 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL20
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other: The test item concentrations were clear during the exposure. The algae in the saturated solution were agglutinated after 72 hours. No agglutination of the algae was observed in the control replicates.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The toxicity of potassium dichromate (SIGMA, batch number MKBV0900V, purity 99.0 %, CAS RN 7778-50-9) to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined over a period of 72 hours from 2016-10-11 to 2016-10-14 (with headspace). The reference item toxicity is in the valid range following test facility SOPS.
EC50-Values of the Reference Item
based on nominal concentrations mg/L, (0-72 hours)
Current Study Valid Range (average ± 3 x SD)
Growth Rate inhibition
ErC50 0.435 0.764 ± 0.513
95 % confidence interval 0.414 – 0.458
Yield inhibition
EyC50 0.230 0.402 ± 0.293
95 % confidence interval 0.179 – 0.322
SD = Standard deviation - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EL-values and statistica analyses
EL-values of the growth rate and yield inhibition were estimated empirically based on the results of the only treatment level (Limit test design).
NOEL and LOEL values
NOEL/LOEL were determined by calculation of statistical significance of growth rate and yield. As a standard, a t-test was used for NOEL/LOEL calculations. When running a t-test a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. The SHAPIRO-WILK-Test was used to test for normal distribution of data. The Levene median test was used for equal variance. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The -value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is =0.05.
Software
The data for the tables in this report are computer-generated and have been rounded for presentation from the full derived data. Consequently, if calculated manually based on the given data minor deviations may occur from these figures.
Calculations were carried out using software
•Excel, MICROSOFT CORPORATION
•SigmaPlot, SPSS INC. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study, no inhibition of the growth rate but an effect on yield on the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was found after 72 hours exposure to the test item WARADUR® LG. The nominal EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 100 mg test item/L, respectively. The nominal NOEC-value for inhibition of growth rate was 100 mg test item/L. The NOEC-value for yield was < 100 mg test item/L.
All effect values given are based on nominal loading level of WARADUR® LG. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of WARADUR® LG (batch number: W00004534) to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016/ Method C.3 from 2017-05-08 to 2017-05-12, with the definitive exposure phase from 2017-05-09 to 2017-05-12 at the test facility. The aim of the study was to assess the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6839 cells/mL. A WAF with a nominal loading level of 100 mg test item/L was tested. Six replicates were used for the limit concentration and the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The test media were clear throughout the test period. The concentrations of the test item were analytically verified via analysis of total organic carbon (TOC, according to DIN EN 1484) at the start of the exposure (fresh media, 0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (old media, 72 hours).
All effect values given are based on the nominal loading level of WARADUR®LG.
NOEC, LOEC, EC - values of WARADUR®LG (0-72hours)
based on the nominal loading level [mg/L]
Inhibition of Growth Rate
NOEC
100
LOEC
> 100
ErC10
> 100
ErC20
> 100
ErC50
> 100
Inhibition of Yield
NOEC
< 100
LOEC
100
EyC10
< 100
EyC20
> 100
EyC50
> 100
Reference
Summary tables on results
Cell Densities
Nominal loading level |
Replicate |
Cell density [cells/mL] |
|||||||||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
||||||
100 |
1 |
6839 |
39519 |
301674 |
2202299 |
||||||
2 |
6839 |
40865 |
284025 |
2101937 |
|||||||
3 |
6839 |
41021 |
343423 |
2053248 |
|||||||
4 |
6839 |
41076 |
321911 |
2050030 |
|||||||
5 |
6839 |
38080 |
343189 |
2484775 |
|||||||
6 |
6839 |
41717 |
348912 |
2211955 |
|||||||
Mean |
6839 |
40380 |
323856 |
2184041 |
|||||||
Control |
1 |
6839 |
38984 |
425503 |
2901847 |
||||||
2 |
6839 |
42118 |
368153 |
2649860 |
|||||||
3 |
6839 |
40137 |
456355 |
2437900 |
|||||||
4 |
6839 |
37430 |
377996 |
2773103 |
|||||||
5 |
6839 |
36719 |
358544 |
2344210 |
|||||||
6 |
6839 |
35932 |
353945 |
2313370 |
|||||||
Mean |
6839 |
38553 |
390083 |
2570048 |
Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically
significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to
control values are marked (+), not
significant differences are marked (-).
Nominal loading level |
Replicate |
Growth rate |
Growth rate inhibition |
Yield |
Inhibition of yield |
||
[mg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||
100 |
1 |
|
1.93 |
3 |
|
2195460 |
14 |
2 |
|
1.91 |
3 |
|
2095098 |
18 |
|
3 |
|
1.90 |
4 |
|
2046409 |
20 |
|
4 |
|
1.90 |
4 |
|
2043191 |
20 |
|
5 |
|
1.97 |
1 |
|
2477936 |
3 |
|
6 |
|
1.93 |
2 |
|
2205116 |
14 |
|
Mean |
(+)* |
1.92 |
3 |
(+) |
2177202 |
15 |
|
Control |
1 |
|
2.02 |
|
|
2895008 |
|
2 |
|
1.99 |
|
|
2643021 |
|
|
3 |
|
1.96 |
|
|
2431061 |
|
|
4 |
|
2.00 |
|
|
2766264 |
|
|
5 |
|
1.95 |
|
|
2337371 |
|
|
6 |
|
1.94 |
|
|
2306531 |
|
|
Mean |
|
1.98 |
|
|
2563209 |
|
* = statistically significant, but biologically not relevant (inhibition < 5%)
Section-by-Section and Average Specific Growth Ratesof the Control Group (0 - 72 hours)
|
Replicate No. |
Specific growth rate [d-1] |
Mean (0 - 72 hours) |
SD ± |
CV |
Mean CV [%] |
||
section-by-section |
||||||||
0 - 24 hours |
24 - 48 hours |
48 - 72 hours |
||||||
Control |
1 |
1.74 |
2.39 |
1.92 |
2.02 |
0.336 |
16.6 |
15.6 |
2 |
1.82 |
2.17 |
1.97 |
1.99 |
0.175 |
8.8 |
||
3 |
1.77 |
2.43 |
1.68 |
1.96 |
0.412 |
21.0 |
||
4 |
1.70 |
2.31 |
1.99 |
2.00 |
0.306 |
15.3 |
||
5 |
1.68 |
2.28 |
1.88 |
1.95 |
0.305 |
15.7 |
||
6 |
1.66 |
2.29 |
1.88 |
1.94 |
0.319 |
16.4 |
||
|
|
|
Mean |
1.98 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
SD ± |
0.03 |
|
|||
|
|
|
CV [%] |
1.58 |
|
SD = Standard deviation CV = Coefficient of variation
Description of key information
In eight reliable guideline studies (reliability category 1) with different members of the Montan waxes category no signs of toxicity were observed using saturated solutions prepared at nominal loading levels between 100 to 320 mg/L.
EC10/LC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae (growth rate) > water solubility limit (OECD 201, 2009 / 2012 / 2017)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Please refer to CSR for further details on study summaries of different members of the Montan waxes category as well as Read-across justification in section 13 'assessment reports'.
Montan waxes, types LG, KPS, WM 31, O, NaV 101, S, E, and OP were tested in reliable (reliability category 1) OECD 201 tests with the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus or Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. All studies were performed compliant to GLP and meeting the validity criteria of the OECD guideline. Static test design was applied. Due to the poor solubility of the test items, water accommodated fractions (WAF) were tested prepared at the nominal limit concentration of 100 mg/L (all but type E) or loading levels up to 320 mg/L (type E). Poor water solubility of the Montan waxes precluded their analytical quantification in the saturated solutions. No inhibition of growth was observed with any of the Montan waxes types tested at nominal concentrations well above their solubility limits. Minor effects on yield of biomass were observed for type LG. In summary, Montan waxes category members are concluded to be acutely and chronically non-toxic to aquatic plants / algae.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.

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