tert-pentyl peroxypivalate

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1999

Report date:

1999

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

tert-pentyl peroxypivalate

EC Number:

249-530-6

EC Name:

tert-pentyl peroxypivalate

Cas Number:

29240-17-3

Molecular formula:

C10H20O3

IUPAC Name:

tert-pentyl peroxypivalate

additive 1

Reference substance name:

Hydrocarbons, C4, 1,3-butadiene-free, polymd., triisobutylene fraction, hydrogenated

EC Number:

297-629-8

EC Name:

Hydrocarbons, C4, 1,3-butadiene-free, polymd., triisobutylene fraction, hydrogenated

Cas Number:

93685-81-5

Molecular formula:

not applicable (a generic molecular formula cannot be provided for this specific UVCB substance)

IUPAC Name:

isododecane

Test material form:

other: colorless liquid

Method

Target gene:

Histidine operon

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9-mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiments without S9 mix:
The selected treatment-levels were as follows:
156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 µg/plate: for the TA 1535 strain in the first experiment as
well as for the TA 102 strain in the second experiment,
312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 3125 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 1535 strain) in the
first experiment,
78.125, 156.25, 312.5, 625 and 1250 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 102 strain) in
the second experiment.

Experiments with S9 mix:
The selected treatment-levels were as follows:
156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 µg/plate: for the TA 1535 strain in the first experiment as
well as for all tester strains (except for the TA 98 strain) in the second experiment,
312.5, 625,1250, 2500 and 3125 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 1535 strain) in the
first experiment,
78.125, 156.25, 312.5, 625 and 1250 µg/plate: for the T A 98 strain in the second experiment.

Vehicle / solvent:

Ethanol

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

ethanol

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: see below

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

The five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (Ames et al., 1975; Maron and Ames, 1983): TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 were supplied by B.N. Ames' Laboratory (University of California, Berkeley, USA). They are stored in a cryoprotective medium (1 ml nutrient broth and 0.09 ml dimethylsulfoxide) in a liquid nitrogen container. The day before treatment, cultures were inoculated from frozen permanents: a scrape was taken under sterile conditions and put into approximately 6 ml of nutrient broth. The nutrient broth was then placed under agitation in an incubator at 37°C for about 14 hours, to produce bacterial suspensions.
Each strain derived from Salmonella typhimurium L T 2 contains one mutation in the histidine operon, resulting in a requirement for histidine. In addition, to increase their sensitivity to mutagenic substances, further mutations have been added:
· the rfa mutation causes partial loss of the lipopolysaccharide barrier that coats the surface of the bacteria and increases permeability to large molecules that do not penetrate the nonnal bacteria cell wall,
· the uvrB mutation is a deletion of a gene coding for the DNA excision repair system, which renders the bacteria unable to use this repair mechanism to remove the damaged DNA,
· the addition of the plasmid pKM 101 (conferring ampicillin resistance) to strains TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 enhances their sensitivity of detection to some mutagens,
· in addition, the pAQ1 tetracycline resistant plasmidic factor has been added to the TA 102 strain.

Evaluation criteria:

Treatment of results
In each experiment, for each strain and for each experimental point, the number of revertants per plate was scored. The individual results and the mean number of revertants, with the corresponding standard deviation and ratio (mutants obtained in the presence of the test substance/mutants obtained in the presence of the vehicle), are presented in a table.

Acceptance criteria
This study would be considered valid since the following criteria are fully met:
The number of revertants in the vehicle controls is consistent with our historical data (appendix 2),
the number of revertants in the positive controls is higher than that of the vehicle controls and inconsistent with our historical data.

Evaluation criteria
A reproducible two-fold increase in the number of revertants compared with the vehicle controls, in any strain at any dose-level and/or evidence of a dose-relationship was considered as a positive result. Reference to historical data, or other considerations of biological relevance may also be taken into account in the evaluation of the data obtained.

Statistics:

None

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

≥1250 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

not valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

≥625 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

≥312.5 µg/plate, slight to moderate (in 2. experiment)

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

positive

Remarks:

only at 625 µg/plate, not at higher concentrations (1. experiment, not seen after preincubation in 2. experiment)

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

≥625 and ≥1250 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 6

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 7

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

≥625 µg/plate

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 8

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

slight to moderate at high conc. (2. experiment)

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 9

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 10

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 102

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Remarks:

slight to moderate at high conc. (2. experiment)

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

PRELIMINARY TOXICITY TEST
The test substance was freely soluble in the vehicle (ethanol) at 100 mg/mL. Consequently, with a maximum dose volume of 50 µg/plate, the dose-levels were: 10, 100, 500,1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate. A slight to moderate emulsion was observed in the Petri plates when scoring the revertants at dose-levels: ≥2500 µg/plate.

Without S9 mix, a slight toxicity was induced in the TA 98 and TA 102 strains at 5000 µg/plate. In the TA 100 strain, a slight to strong toxicity was noted at dose-levels greater than or equal to 2500 µg/plate.

With S9 mix, the test substance was totally toxic at 5000 µg/plate in the three tester strains. In addition, a slight toxicity was induced at 2500 µg/plate in both the TA 98 and TA 100 strains. In the TA 102 strain, a 3 and a 7 fold increase in the number of revertants was noted at dose levels of 1000 and 2500 µg/plate, respectively.

MUTAGENICITY EXPERIMENTS
The number of revertants of the vehicle and positive controls was as specified in the acceptance criteria. The study was therefore considered valid.
Since the test substance was toxic in the preliminary test, the choice of the highest dose-level was based on the level of toxicity, according to the criteria specified in the international guidelines.

Experiments without S9 mix:
The selected treatment-levels were as follows:
156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 µg/plate: for the TA 1535 strain in the first experiment as well as for the TA 102 strain in the second experiment, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 3125 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 1535 strain) in the first experiment, 78.125, 156.25, 312.5, 625 and 1250 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 102 strain) in the second experiment.
A slight emulsion was generally noted at dose-levels ≥1250 µg/plate.
In the first experiment, a slight toxicity was noted in the TA 1535 and TA 102 strains at dose levels ≥50 µg/plate and ≥2500 µg/plate, respectively. In the three remaining test strains, a slight to strong toxicity was noted at dose-levels ≥312.5 µg/plate.
In the second experiment, a slight to moderate toxicity was noted in the TA 102 and TA 100 strains (at the highest dose-level) as well as in the TA 1537 strain (at dose-levels ≥312.5 µg/plate). The test substance did not induce any significant increase in the number of revertants, in both experiments, in any of the five strains.

Experiments with S9 mix:
The selected treatment-levels were as follows:
156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 µg/plate: for the TA 1535 strain in the first experiment as well as for all tested strains (except for the TA 98 strain) in the second experiment,
312.5, 625,1250, 2500 and 3125 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 1535 strain) in the first experiment.
78.125, 156.25, 312.5, 625 and 1250 µg/plate: for the TA 98 strain in the second experiment.
A slight emulsion was generally noted at dose-levels ≥1250 µg/plate.
In the first experiment, the test substance was slightly to totally toxic in the TA 1537, TA 100 and TA 102 strains (at doses ≥2500 µg/plate) as well as in the TA 98 strain (at doses ≥1250 µg/plate).

In the second experiment, the test substance was slightly to totally toxic at doses ≥625 µg/plate in the TA 1537 and TA 100 strains. A slight to moderate (for the TA 98 strain) and a slight to strong (for the TA 1535 strain) toxicity was noted at dose-levels ≥625 and ≥1250 µg/plate, respectively. In the TA 102 strain, a slight toxicity was noted at 2500 µg/plate. In the first experiment, a 2 fold increase in revertants was noted in the TA 98 strain at 625 µg/plate but not at higher dose-levels where toxicity was induced. The second experiment was performed using the preincubation method with this strain and no noteworthy increase in revertants was noted. Therefore the previous 2 fold increase in revertants was not considered as biologically relevant.

In the TA 102 strain in the first experiment, a 2.2-3.76 fold increase in the number of revertants was induced at dose-levels of between 312.5 and 1250 µg/plate. No increase was noted at higher dose-levels where toxicity could have masked the mutagenic effect. This result confirmed the increase previously noted in the preliminary test. In the second experiment, repeated under the same experimental conditions (direct plate incorporation method), a significant increase in revertants was reproduced, even if a lower effect was noted: up to 2.1 fold the vehicle control value at 1250 µg/plate.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

-Positive with metabolic activation:


Under our experimental conditions, the test substance induced mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation test on the TA 102 strain of Salmonella typhimurium, with S9 mix.

Executive summary:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the test substance to induce reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium.

 

A preliminary toxicity test was performed to define the dose-levels of the substance to be used for the mutagenicity study. The test substance was then tested in two independent experiments, with and without a metabolic activation system, the S9 mix, prepared from a liver microsomal fraction (S9 fraction) of rats induced with Aroclor 1254. Both experiments were performed according to the direct plate incorporation method except the second with S9 mix (excluding the TA 102 strain), which was performed according to the preincubation method (60 minutes, 37°C). Five strains of bacteria Salmonella typhimurium: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 were used. Each strain was exposed to five dose-levels of the test substance (three plates/dose-level). After 48 to 72 hours of incubation at 37°C, the revertant colonies were scored. The evaluation of the toxicity was performed on the basis of the observation of the decrease in the number of revertant colonies and/or a thinning of the bacterial lawn. The test substance was dissolved in ethanol.

 

Experiments without S9 mix: The selected treatment-levels were as follows: 156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 µg/plate: for the TA 1535 strain in the first experiment as well as for the TA 102 strain in the second experiment. 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 3125 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 1535 strain) in the first experiment, 78.125, 156.25,312.5,625 and 1250 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 102 strain) in the second experiment. A slight emulsion was generally noted at dose-levels ≥1250 ug/plate. In the first experiment, a slight toxicity was noted in the TA 1535 and TA 102 strains at dose levels ≥50 µg/plate and ≥2500 µg/plate, respectively. In the three remaining tester strains, a slight to strong toxicity was noted at dose-levels ≥312.5 µg/plate.

In the second experiment, a slight to moderate toxicity was noted in the TA 102 and TA 100 strains (at the highest dose-level) as well as in the TA 1537 strain (at dose-levels ≥312.5 µg/plate). The test substance did not induce any significant increase in the number of revertants, in both experiments, in any of the five strains. Experiments with S9 mix: The selected treatment-levels were as follows: 156.25, 312.5, 625, 1250 and 2500 µg/plate: for the TA 1535 strain in the first experiment as well as for all tester strains (except for the TA 98 strain) in the second experiment, 312.5, 625,1250, 2500 and 3125 µg/plate: for all strains (except for the TA 1535 strain) in the first experiment, 78.125, 156.25, 312.5, 625 and 1250 µg/plate: for the TA 98 strain in the second experiment. A slight emulsion was generally noted at dose-levels ≥1250 µg/plate. In the first experiment, the test substance was slightly to totally toxic in the TA 1537, TA 100 and TA 102 strains (at doses ≥2500 µg/plate) as well as in the TA 98 strain (at doses ≥1250 µg/plate). In the second experiment, the test substance was slightly to totally toxic at doses ≥625 µg/plate in the TA 1537 and TA 100 strains. A slight to moderate (for the TA 98 strain) and a slight to strong (for the TA 1535 strain) toxicity was noted at dose-levels ≥625 and ≥1250 µg/plate, respectively. In the TA 102 strain, a slight toxicity was noted at 2500 µg/plate. In the first experiment, a 2 fold increase in revertants was noted in the T A 98 strain at 625 µg/plate but not at higher dose-levels where toxicity was induced. The second experiment was performed using the preincubation method with this strain and no noteworthy increase in revertants was noted. Therefore the previous 2 fold increase in revertants was not considered as biologically relevant. In the TA 102 strain in the first experiment, a 2.2-3.76 fold increase in the number of revertants was induced at dose-levels of between 312.5 and 1250 µg/plate. No increase was noted at higher dose-levels where toxicity could have masked the mutagenic effect. This result confirmed the increase previously noted in the preliminary test. In the second experiment, repeated under the same experimental conditions (direct plate incorporation method), a significant increase in revertants was reproduced, even if a lower effect was noted: up to 2.1 fold the vehicle control value at 1250 µg/plate.

 

Under our experimental conditions, the test substance induced mutagenic activity in the bacterial reverse mutation test on the TA 102 strain of Salmonella typhimurium, with S9 mix.