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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Not skin irritating

Not eye irritating

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
skin irritation: in vivo
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: 'Appraisal of the safety of chemicals in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics' 1959 of the US Association of Food and Drug officials.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Patch-test technique
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
pre GLP
Species:
rabbit
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Russian breed
- Weight at study initiation: 1.5 to 2 kg
- Housing: individual housing in metal cages, 47 × 32 × 34 cm.
- Diet: ad libitum, standard - Nafag.
- Water: ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 8 days minimum.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 18 ± 1 °C
- Humidity: 55 ± 5 %
- Photoperiod: 14 hours light/day
Type of coverage:
occlusive
Preparation of test site:
other: intact and abraded
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Controls:
yes, concurrent no treatment
Amount / concentration applied:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.5 ml
Duration of treatment / exposure:
The gauze patches were removed 24 hours after application.
Observation period:
8 days
Number of animals:
6 rabbits: 3 males, 3 females
Details on study design:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: rabbits were shaved one day before treatment with an electric clipper on the flanks. The shaved skin area on the left side was slightly scarified just before treatment.
- Type of wrap if used: a gauze patch 2.5 x 2.5 cm was laden with the test substance and immediately applied to the prepared skin. The patch was covered with an impermeable foil of 5x5 cm, which was fixed to the body of the animals with adhesive tape.

SCORING SYSTEM
The reaction of the skin was appraised upon removal during an observation period of 8 days on the basis of the following evaluation scheme.

Erythema and Eschar Formation
No erythema: 0
Very slight erythema (barely perceptible): 1
Well defined erythema: 2
Moderate to severe erythema: 3
Severe erythema (beef redness) to slight eschar formation (injuries in depth): 4
Total possible erythema score: 4

Oedema Formation
No oedema: 0
Very slight oedema (barely perceptible): 1
Slight oedema (edges of area well defined by definite raising): 2
Moderate oedema (raised approximately 1 mm): 3
Severe oedema (raised more than 1 mm and extending beyond area of exposure): 4
Total possible erythema score: 4
Irritation parameter:
erythema score
Basis:
animal: 6/6
Remarks:
both intact and abraded skin
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
< 2.3
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritation parameter:
edema score
Basis:
animal: 6/6
Remarks:
both intact and abraded skin
Time point:
24/48/72 h
Score:
< 2.3
Remarks on result:
no indication of irritation
Irritant / corrosive response data:
Under the test conditions, the test item was found to be non irritant when applied to intact or abraded rabbit skin.

24 hrs 48 hrs 72 hrs
Males Females Males Females Males Females
206 28 210 196 13 195 206 28 210 196 13 195 206 28 210 196 13 195
Intact skin
Erythema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oedema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Abraded skin
Erythema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oedema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 days 8 days
Males Females Males Females
206 28 210 196 13 195 206 28 210 196 13 195
Intact skin
Erythema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oedema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Abraded skin
Erythema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oedema 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Interpretation of results:
other: not classified, according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Conclusions:
Not irritating
Executive summary:

In order to calculate the primary irritation index a patch test assay was performed, as described in the "Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics" (1959) of the US Association of Food and Drug Officials (AFDO).

6 rabbits were shaved one day before treatment with an electric clipper on the flanks. The shaved skin area on the left side was slightly scarified just before treatment. The test substance was applied to each side in quantities of 0.5 ml. The gauze patches were removed 24 hours after application and the reaction of the skin was appraised upon removal during an observation period of 8 days.

Under the test conditions, the test item was found to be non irritant when applied to intact or abraded rabbit skin.

Discussion and conclusion

The scoring system criteria used to record the hardness of the skin reactions followed in the current test are the same as those reported into the OECD guideline, therefore it is possible to re-evaluate the results according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, because the raw tables are included into the study report.

Mean values from gradings at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal were lower than 2.3 in all animals for both erythema/eschar and oedema reactions (in both intact and abraded skin).

In conclusion, the test item can be not classified as irritating, according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
October from 21st to 22th, 2015
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Justification for type of information:
ANALOGUE APPROACH
Justification for Read Across is detailed in the document attached below.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)
Version / remarks:
adopted 26th July, 2013
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Species:
other: Bovine
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: breeding service CHOVSERVIS a.s., division TORO® Hlavečník, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Collection: eyes were collected by slaughterhouse employees. The eyes were enucleated as soon as possible after death.
- Deterget: no detergent was used.
- Animals: only healthy animals (12 to 60 months old) considered suitable for entry into the human food chain were used as a source of corneas for use in the BCOP test.
- Storage: the risk of contamination was minimized (e.g., by keeping the container containing the eyes on ice, by adding antibiotics to the HBSS used to store the eyes during transport (e.g., penicillin at 100 IU/ml and streptomycin at 100 μg/ml).
The time interval between collection of the eyes and use of corneas in the BCOP was minimized (typically collected and used on the same day). All eyes used in the assay were from the same group of eyes collected on a specific day.
Vehicle:
physiological saline
Controls:
yes
Amount / concentration applied:
Application form preparation: the test substance was tested as suspension prepared from test substance at 20 % concentration in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. 2 g of the test substance was suspended in 10 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution.
Open-chamber method was used, because the test substance at 20 % concentration was a viscous paste. The test substance (enough test substance to completely cover the cornea) was applied directly to the epithelial surface of the cornea using the micropipette. After dosing, the glass window was replaced on the anterior chamber to recreate a closed system.
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
Exposed group (test substance) - 3 corneas
Details on study design:
EYE SELECTION AND EXANMINATION
The eyes, once they arrive at the laboratory, were carefully examined for defects including scratched, and neovascularisation. Only corneas from eyes free of such defects were used. The isolated corneas, after achieve normal metabolic activity (inductive incubation at 32 ± 1°C for one hour), were examined again. The corneas that show macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity > 7 opacity units were discarded. From 20 eyes the 3 eyes were eliminated after inductive incubation, because the baseline opacity values were > 7.

EYE PREPARATION
Corneas free of defects were dissected with a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera remaining to assist in subsequent handling, with care taken to avoid damage to the corneal epithelium an endothelium. Isolated corneas were mounted in specially designed corneal holders that consisted of anterior and posterior compartments, which interfaced with the epithelial and endothelial sides of the cornea, respectively. Both chambers were filled to excess with pre-warmed Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM). The device was then equilibrated at 32 ± 1°C for at least one hour in water bath to allow the corneas to equilibrate with the medium and to achieve normal metabolic activity, to the extent possible. Following the equilibration period, fresh pre-warmed EMEM was added to both chambers and baseline opacity readings were taken for each cornea. Any corneas that showed macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity > 7 opacity units were discarded. Each test group (test substance, concurrent negative and positive controls) consisted of the three eyes. The three corneas with opacity values close to the median value for all corneas were selected as negative control corneas. The remaining corneas were then distributed into treatment and positive control groups.

POST EXPOSURE
After the exposure period, the negative control and the positive control substance was removed from the anterior chamber with EMEM (containing phenol red - the effectiveness of rinsing acidic or alkaline materials). The corneas were given a final rinse with EMEM (without phenol red). The EMEM (without phenol red) was used as a final rinse to ensure removal of the phenol red from the anterior chamber prior to the opacity measurement. The anterior chamber was then refilled with fresh EMEM without phenol red. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were recorded. The test substance was removed from the anterior chamber with EMEM (containing phenol red). The corneas (applied the test substance) were also repeatedly rinsed with EMEM (without phenol red), because the test substance is coloured. Rinsing was finalized after complete removal of the test substance. The EMEM (without phenol red) was used as a final rinse to the opacity measurement. The anterior chamber was then refilled with fresh EMEM without phenol red. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were recorded.

CONTROLS
- Positive control group: 20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl; 3 corneas
- Negative control group: 0.9 % NaCl; 3 corneas

MEASUREMENTS
Opacity: the amount of light transmission through the cornea. Corneal opacity was measured quantitatively with the aid of an opacitometer resulting in opacity values measured on a continuous scale. Permeability: the amount of sodium fluorescein dye that penetrates all corneal cell layers (i.e., the epithelium on the outer cornea surface through the endothelium on the inner cornea surface) measured indirectly using visible light spectrophotometry. 1 ml sodium fluorescein solution (5 mg/ml) was added to the anterior chamber of the corneal holder, which interfaced with the epithelial side of the cornea, while the posterior chamber, which interfaced with the endothelial side of the cornea, is filled with fresh EMEM. The holder was incubated in horizontal position for 1.5 hours at 32 ± 1 °C. The amount of sodium fluorescein that crosses into the posterior chamber was quantitatively measured with the aid of UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The values of absorbance measured at 490 nm were recorded as optical density (OD490) values. This term was used because the measuring is performed with visible light spectrophotometer using a standard 1 cm path length.

STUDY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
A test is considered acceptable if the positive control gives IVIS that falls within one standard deviations of the current historical mean, which is to be updated at least every three months, or each time an acceptable test is conducted in laboratories where tests are conducted infrequently. The negative or solvent/vehicle control responses should result in opacity and permeability values that are less than the established upper limits for background opacity and permeability values for bovine corneas treated with the respective negative or solvent/vehicle control.

SCORING SYSTEM
The IVIS cut-off value for identifying the test substance as including serious eye damage (UN GHS Category 1) and the test substance not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious damage (UN GHS No Category) will be given hereafter:
≤ 3: no category
≤ 55: no prediction can be made
≥ 55: category 1
Irritation parameter:
in vitro irritation score
Value:
< 3
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid

IVIS values

Group IVIS
Calculation Result
NC
(0.9 % NaCl)
1.00 + 15 x 0.032  1.48
PC
(20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl)
48.00 + 15 x 1.830   75.45
EXP
(test item)
2.67 + 15 x 0.001 2.69

NC- negative control; PC- positive control; EXP – test substance application form

Appearance of Corneas after the Test Substance Exposure

Group Cornea No. Appearance after exposure 
Negative control 1 Without macroscopic damage
4 Without macroscopic damage
5 Without macroscopic damage
Positive control 11 Corneal opacity 
12 Corneal opacity 
14 Corneal opacity 
Test substance 8 Without macroscopic damage
9 Without macroscopic damage
10 Without macroscopic damage

Opacity

Group Cornea No. Baseline opacity Opacity after treatment Opacity difference Mean opacity difference Mean Opacity(corrected)
NC
(0.9 % NaCl)
1 5 7 2 1.00 -
4 5 6 1
5 6 6 0
PC
(20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl)
11 3 48 45 49.00 (49.00 – 1.00)
48.00
12 6 57 51
14 5 56 51
EXP
(test item)
8 6 10 4 3.67 (3.67 – 1.00)
2.67
9 4 7 3
10 5 9 4

NC- negative control; PC- positive control; EXP – test substance application form

Permeability

Group Cornea No. Values of Permeability (Optical density at 490nm) Mean Permeability Mean Permeability(corrected)
NC
(0.9 % NaCl)
1 0.038 0.032 -
4 0.026
5 0.032
PC
(20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl)
11 2.135 1.862 (1.862 – 0.032)
1.830
12 1.722
14 1.729
EXP
(test item)
8 0.035 0.033 (0.033 – 0.032)
0.001
9 0.031
10 0.034

NC- negative control; PC- positive control; EXP – test substance application form

Interpretation of results:
other: not classified, according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Conclusions:
Not irritating
Executive summary:

The test substance was tested for the evaluation the potential ocular corrosivity or severe irritancy as measured by its ability to induce opacity and increased permeability in an isolated bovine cornea. The test was performed according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 437, adopted 26th July 2013. 

The test was performed using nine isolated bovine corneas. The testing was performed on three groups of corneas: test substance treatment group, positive control group and negative control group. Three corneas per group were used. Open-chamber method was used, because the test substance was higly viscous. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were measured. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was calculated from the values of opacity and permeability.

No macroscopic damage was observed on corneas before application. Corneal opacity was observed on the corneas treated by positive control. The corneas treated by negative control were without macroscopic damage. The corneas treated by the test substance were without macroscopic damage.

The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for test item was 2.69. This value of IVIS is lower than 3 therefore the classification according to UN GHS criteria for eye irritation or serious eye damage is: no category.

Conclusion

Not irritating

Endpoint:
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
November from 11th to 12th, 2015
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Justification for type of information:
REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
The usage of information on Direct Blue 199 Na/NH4, which has the same main component and with a different counter ion, can be considered as suitable and appropriated because the difference in salification is expected to not influence the characteristics related to the specific end-point.
The impurity profile does not impact on the read across proposed. Details on the approach followed are included in the document attached to the IUCLID section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)
Version / remarks:
adopted 26th July, 2013
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Species:
other: Bovine
Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Bovine eyes source: breeding service CHOVSERVIS a.s., division TORO® Hlavečník, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Collection: eyes were collected by slaughterhouse employees. The eyes were enucleated as soon as possible after death.
- Deterget: no detergent was used.
- Animals: only healthy animals (12 to 60 months old) considered suitable for entry into the human food chain were used as a source of corneas for use in the BCOP test.
- Storage: the risk of contamination was minimized (e.g., by keeping the container containing the eyes on ice, by adding antibiotics to the HBSS used to store the eyes during transport (e.g., penicillin at 100 IU/ml and streptomycin at 100 μg/ml).

The time interval between collection of the eyes and use of corneas in the BCOP was minimized, so the collected eyes were processed on the same day.
Vehicle:
physiological saline
Controls:
yes
Amount / concentration applied:
Application form preparation: the test substance was tested as suspension prepared from test substance at 20 % concentration in a 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. 2 g of the test substance was suspended in 10 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution.

Open-chamber method was used, because the test substance at 20 % concentration was a viscous paste. The test substance (the test substance in quantity enough to completely cover the cornea) was applied directly to the epithelial surface of the cornea using the micropipette. After dosing, the glass window was replaced on the anterior chamber to recreate a closed system.
Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
Exposed group (test substance) - 3 corneas
Details on study design:
EYE SELECTION AND EXANMINATION
The eyes, once they arrive at the laboratory, were carefully examined for defects including scratched, and neovascularisation. Only corneas from eyes free of such defects were used. The isolated corneas, after achieve normal metabolic activity (inductive incubation at 32 ± 1°C for one hour), were examined again. The corneas that show macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.
From 20 eyes the 3 eyes were eliminated after inductive incubation, because the baseline opacity values were >7.

EYE PREPARATION
Corneas free of defects were dissected with a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera remaining to assist in subsequent handling, with care taken to avoid damage to the corneal epithelium an endothelium. Isolated corneas were mounted in specially designed corneal holders that consisted of anterior and posterior compartments, which interfaced with the epithelial and endothelial sides of the cornea, respectively. Both chambers were filled to excess with pre-warmed Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM). The device was then equilibrated at 32 ± 1°C for at least one hour in water bath to allow the corneas to equilibrate with the medium and to achieve normal metabolic activity, to the extent possible. Following the equilibration period, fresh pre-warmed EMEM was added to both chambers and baseline opacity readings were taken for each cornea. Any corneas that showed macroscopic tissue damage (e.g., scratches, pigmentation, neovascularization) or an opacity >7 opacity units were discarded.
Each test group (test substance, concurrent negative and positive controls) consisted of the three eyes. The three corneas with opacity values close to the median value for all corneas were selected as negative control corneas. The remaining corneas were then distributed into treatment and positive control groups.

POST EXPOSURE
After the exposure period, the negative control and the positive control substance was removed from the anterior chamber with EMEM (containing phenol red - the effectiveness of rinsing acidic or alkaline materials). The corneas were given a final rinse with EMEM (without phenol red). The EMEM (without phenol red) was used as a final rinse to ensure removal of the phenol red from the anterior chamber prior to the opacity measurement. The anterior chamber was then refilled with fresh EMEM without phenol red. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were recorded.
The test substance was removed from the anterior chamber with EMEM (containing phenol red). The corneas (applied the test substance) were also repeatedly rinsed with EMEM (without phenol red), because the test substance is coloured . Rinsing was finalized after complete removal of the test substance. The EMEM (without phenol red) was used as a final rinse to the opacity measurement. The anterior chamber was then refilled with fresh EMEM without phenol red. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were recorded.

CONTROLS
- Positive control group: 20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl; 3 corneas
- Negative control group: 0.9 % NaCl; 3 corneS

MEASUREMENTS
Opacity: the amount of light transmission through the cornea. Corneal opacity was measured quantitatively with the aid of an opacitometer resulting in opacity values measured on a continuous scale.

Permeability: the amount of sodium fluorescein dye that penetrates all corneal cell layers (i.e., the epithelium on the outer cornea surface through the endothelium on the inner cornea surface) measured indirectly using visible light spectrophotometry. 1 ml sodium fluorescein solution (5 mg/ml) was added to the anterior chamber of the corneal holder, which interfaced with the epithelial side of the cornea, while the posterior chamber, which interfaced with the endothelial side of the cornea, is filled with fresh EMEM. The holder was incubated in horizontal position for 1.5 hours at 32 ± 1 °C.

The amount of sodium fluorescein that crosses into the posterior chamber was quantitatively measured with the aid of UV/VIS spectrophotometry. The values of absorbance measured at 490 nm were recorded as optical density (OD490) values. This term was used because the measuring is performed with visible light spectrophotometer using a standard 1 cm path length.

STUDY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
A test is considered acceptable if the positive control gives IVIS that falls within one standard deviations of the current historical mean, which is to be updated at least every three months, or each time an acceptable test is conducted in laboratories where tests are conducted infrequently. The negative or solvent/vehicle control responses should result in opacity and permeability values that are less than the established upper limits for background opacity and permeability values for bovine corneas treated with the respective negative or solvent/vehicle control.

SCORING SYSTEM
The IVIS cut-off value for identifying the test substance as including serious eye damage (UN GHS Category 1) and the test substance not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious damage (UN GHS No Category) will be given hereafter:
≤ 3: no Category
> 3; ≤ 55: no prediction can be made
≥ 55: category 1
Irritation parameter:
in vitro irritation score
Run / experiment:
mean
Value:
3.77
Vehicle controls validity:
valid
Negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
probability of weak irritation
Other effects / acceptance of results:
IVIS: 3.77 not irritating

No macroscopic damage was observed on corneas before application.
Corneal opacity was observed on the corneas treated by positive control. The corneas treated by negative control were without macroscopic damage. The corneas treated by the test substance were without macroscopic damage.

NEGATIVE CONTROL
The value of opacity for negative control (0.9 % NaCl) obtained during the study was 1.67 and value of permeability was 0.013.
The values obtained during this study not exceeded upper limits, so the study is considered acceptable.

POSITIVE CONTROL
The value of IVIS for positive control (20 % imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl) obtained during the study was 80.01.
This value is within the acceptance limit (one standard deviations of the current historical mean), so the study is considered acceptable.

IVIS values

Group IVIS
Calculation Result
NC
(0.9 % NaCl)
1.67 + 15 x 0.013   1.87
PC
(20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl)
51.33 + 15 x 1.912   80.01
EXP
(test item)
3.66 + 15 x 0.007 3.77

NC- negative control; PC- positive control; EXP – test substance application form

Appearance of Corneas after the Test Substance Exposure

Group Cornea No. Appearance after exposure 
Negative control 1 Without macroscopic damage
2 Without macroscopic damage
4 Without macroscopic damage
Positive control 16 Corneal opacity 
19 Corneal opacity 
21 Corneal opacity 
Test substance 5 Without macroscopic damage
6 Without macroscopic damage
7 Without macroscopic damage

Opacity

Group Cornea No. Baseline opacity Opacity after treatment Opacity difference Mean opacity difference Mean Opacity(corrected)
NC
(0.9 % NaCl)
1 5 8 2 1.67 -
2 5 7 1
4 6 8 2
PC
(20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl)
16 3 57 51 53.00 (53.00 – 1.67)
51.33
19 6 59 53
21 5 61 53
EXP
(test item)
5 5 8 4 5.33 (5.33 – 1.67)
3.66
6 6 10 4
7 7 14 8

NC- negative control; PC- positive control; EXP – test substance application form

Permeability

Group Cornea No. Values of Permeability (Optical density at 490nm) Mean Permeability Mean Permeability(corrected)
NC
(0.9 % NaCl)
1 0.009 0.013 -
2 0.009
4 0.021
PC
(20 % Imidazole in 0.9 % NaCl)
16 2.109 1.925 (1.925 – 0.013)
1.912
19 1.744
21 1.921
EXP
(test item)
5 0.021 0.020 (0.020 – 0.013)
0.007
6 0.019
7 0.020

NC- negative control; PC- positive control; EXP – test substance application form

DAVIATION FROM STUDY PLAN

Change of technique application of the test substance – the open-chamber method was used. The test substance suspension (20 % concentration) was applied in quantities enough to completely cover the cornea. This change had no impact on the results of the study.

Interpretation of results:
not irritating
Conclusions:
Not irritating
Executive summary:

The test substance was tested for the evaluation the potential ocular corrosivity or severe irritancy as measured by its ability to induce opacity and increased permeability in an isolated bovine cornea. The test was performed according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 437, Adopted 26th July 2013. 

The test was performed using nine isolated bovine corneas. The testing was performed on three groups of corneas: test substance treatment group, positive control group and negative control group. Three corneas per group were used. Open-chamber method was used, because the test substance was higly viscous. The opacity and permeability of each cornea were measured. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) was calculated from the values of opacity and permeability.

No macroscopic damage was observed on corneas before application. Corneal opacity was observed on the corneas treated by positive control. The corneas treated by negative control were without macroscopic damage. The corneas treated by the test substance were without macroscopic damage.

The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for test item was 3.77. This value of IVIS is higher than 3 and simultaneously lower than 55 therefore the classification according to UN GHS criteria for eye irritation or serious eye damage cannot be made.

Conclusion

Not irritating

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

SKIN IRRITATION

A patch test assay was performed on Direct Blue 199_Na, as described in the "Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs and Cosmetics" (1959) of the US Association of Food and Drug Officials (AFDO). 6 rabbits were used; shaved skin area was slightly scarified just before treatment. The scoring system criteria used to record the hardness of the skin reactions followed in the test are the same as those reported into the OECD guideline, therefore it is possible to re-evaluate the results according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, because the raw tables are included into the study report.

Mean values from gradings at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal were lower than 2.3 in all animals for both erythema/eschar and oedema reactions (in both intact and abraded skin).

 

A second experiment is available. Test procedures followed are scientifically acceptable, however, the substance concentration was low in the lot tested. Also in this case, the substance resulted to be non skn irritating.

 

EYE IRRITATION

An in vitro eye irritation test was conducted with Direct Blue 199 Na/NH4. The usage of information on Direct Blue 199 Na/NH4 salt, which has the same main component and with a different counter ion, can be considered as suitable and appropriated because the difference in salification is expected to not influence the characteristics related to the specific end-point. The impurity profile does not impact on the read across proposed. Details on the approach followed are included in the document attached to the IUCLID section 13.

Direct Blue 199 Na/NH4 was tested for the evaluation the potential ocular corrosivity or severe irritancy as measured by its ability to induce opacity and increased permeability in an isolated bovine cornea. The test was performed according to the OECD Test Guideline No. 437. No macroscopic damage was observed on corneas before application; the corneas treated by negative control were without macroscopic damage. The corneas treated by the test substance were without macroscopic damage. The In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for test item was 3.77. This value of IVIS is higher than 3 and simultaneously lower than 55, therefore, the a classification according to UN GHS criteria cannot be finalized. On the basis of the effects recorded and the magnitude of the reactions, the substance seems to be not able to cause serious eye damage, neither eye irritation; however an irritating potential cannot be completely excluded.

 

An in vivo study is also available on Direct Blue 199 Na. Test procedures followed are scientifically acceptable, however, the substance concentration was low in the lot tested. In this case, the substance resulted to be non eye irritating.

 

In order to clarify the eye irritation potential, an in vitro test performed on the structural analogous Similar Substance 01, has been taken into consideration. The test was performed using nine isolated bovine corneas. The testing was performed on three groups of corneas: test substance treatment group, positive control group and negative control group. Three corneas per group were used. Open-chamber method was used, because the test substance was highly viscous. No macroscopic damage was observed on corneas before application. The corneas treated by the test substance were without macroscopic damage and the In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS) for test item resulted to be 2.69. Therefore, the test item has been judged to be not eye irritating; the same irritating potential is expected for Direct Blue 199 Na.

 

The read across approach has been detailed in the report attached to the specific endpoint study record.

Justification for classification or non-classification

According to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, 3.2 Skin corrosion/irritation section, skin irritation means the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a test substance for up to 4 hours.

In the key study, the mean values from gradings at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal were lower than 2.3 in all animals for both erythema/eschar and oedema reactions (in both intact and abraded skin).

According to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, serious eye damage means the production of tissue damage in the eye, or serious physical decay of vision, following application of a test substance, which is not fully reversible within 21 days of application. Eye irritation means the production of changes in the eye, which are fully reversible within 21 days of application. In vitro alternatives that have been validated and accepted can be used to make classification decisions.

Based on the available information, the substance can be considered as not eye irritating.

In conclusion, the substance does not meet the criteria to be classified for the eye/skin irritation, according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.