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EC number: 235-795-5 | CAS number: 12738-64-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Justification for type of information:
- Read-across toxicity studies in algae on one closely structural and physicochemical related substance: Benzoic acid.
For further read-across justification se document attached in section 13 - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 101.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 11.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Based on read-across to benzoic acid, the following effect concentrations were identified:
EC50 (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) = 101.1 mg/L (growth rate)
NOEC ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) = 11.7 mg/L - Executive summary:
Based on read-across to benzoic acid, the following effect concentrations were identified:
EC50 (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) = 101.1 mg/L (growth rate)
NOEC ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) = 11.7 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 2003
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Version / remarks:
- ISO 8692-1989-11-15, 1989. Water quality––Fresh water algal growth inhibition test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum. First edition. ISO, Geneve,
Switzerland. - Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information): no data
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Scenedesmus sp.
- Details on test organisms:
- Cultures of S. subspicatus were obtained from the National Institute of Biology (NIB, Ljubljana, Slovenia). The test design was to incubate an algal culture for several generations to obtain asynchronous exponential growth under test conditions using a geometric dilution series of 10 concentrations.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- no data
- pH:
- 8.3+/-0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- A geometric dilution series of 10 concentrations
- Details on test conditions:
- mineral medium, composed for the test as follows (mg/l): NH4Cl = 15; MgCl2 x 6H2O = 12; CaCl2 x 2H2O = 18; MgSO4 x 7H2O = 15; KH2PO4 = 1.6; NaHCO3 = 50
and (ug/l): FeCl3 x 6H2O ? 80; Na2EDTAx 2H2O = 100; H3BO3 = 185; MnCl2 x4H2O = 415; ZnCl2 = 3; CoCl2 x6H2O = 1.5; CuCl2 x 2H2O = 0.01 and Na2MoO4 x2H2O = 7 - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 333 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- 7 d-EC50 of benzoic acid to Scenedesmus subspicatus was 333 mg/L based on the growth rates.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of benzoic acid towards algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) was tested applying a modified ISO 8692 Guideline. The test design was to incubate an algal culture for several generations to obtain asynchronous exponential growth under test conditions using a geometric dilution series of 10 concentrations. Based on the endpoint growth rate the 7-d-EC50 was determined to be 333 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Closed system algal toxicity test. For more details see: Jui-Ho Lin, Wei-Chen Kao, Kuo-Pei Tsai, Chung-Yuan Chen (): A novel algal toxicity testing technique for assessing the toxicity of both metallic and organic toxicants. Water Research 39 (2005) 1869–1877
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- The alga Raphidocelis subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, UTEX 1648) was grown in a 4-L transparent chemostat incubator. The growth medium was continuously supplied by a variable-speed pump (flow rate ¼ 1 L=day). Air agitation was used to achieve adequate mixing. The chemostat reactors were placed in a constant-temperature room at 24+/-1C. Light intensity was set at 65 uE m2 s-1.
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 24 +/-1
- pH:
- 8.3+/-0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- A geometric dilution series of 10 concentrations
- Details on test conditions:
- After the algal incubator has reached the steady state, toxicity testing was conducted by transferring adequate amounts of algal suspension, dilution water (with growth medium), and toxicants into 300-mL BOD bottles. The BOD bottles were completely filled up with no head space left. Water seal was provided to ensure a closed-test environment. The bottles were then placed on an orbital shaker (Ferstek, Model S103) operated at 100 rpm. Temperature and light intensity were kept the same as the algal incubator. US EPA (1996) bottle medium with no ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) content was used for toxicity testing. The dilution water was stripped by nitrogen gas to reduce the initial dissolved oxygen level to approximately 1–3 mg/ L. In addition, the N2 gas contained 0.5% carbon dioxide as an extra carbon source. The initial pH for the growth medium was 7.5. Three response endpoints were used to evaluate the toxicity of toxicants; dissolved oxygen production (DDO), the delta cell density, and the algal growth rate based on cell density. The median effective concentration (EC50) was defined as the toxicant concentration that resulted in 50% reduction with respect to the response endpoints (i.e., DeltaDO, Deltacell density and growth rate). In a preliminary study, test conditions (in terms of the initial cell densities and test duration) were optimized through a series of trial-anderror tests. The objective of these trials was to achieve maximum test sensitivity and, yet, maintain satisfactory reproducibility. In general, lower cell densities resulted in higher sensitivity with poorer test repeatability. Furthermore, longer exposure time may increase the test sensitivity but, in some instance, result in insufficient carbon supply due to the excessive production of algal biomass. The optimum inoculated cell density and the test duration were 15,000 cells/mL and 48 h, respectively. Toxicant concentrations presented in this work are in the form of nominal concentration. Concentration controls were periodically conducted following exactly the same procedure as described above. The only difference is that no algal inoculum was added to the concentration controls. The prepared controls were then analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Model Z-8100) or a HPLC analyzer (Waters, 2996 Photodiode Array Detector). The difference between the nominal and measured concentrations was found to be less than 6%. All chemicals used were of reagent grade. All tests were performed in triplicate.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Key result
- Duration:
- 2 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 83.29 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 2 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 9.62 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The toxicity of benzoic acid towards algae ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was tested. Based on the endpoint growth rate the 2-d-EC50 was determined to be 83.3 mg/L and the NOEC to 9.62 mg/L. .
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of benzoic acid towards algae ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was tested. Based on the endpoint growth rate the 2-d-EC50 was determined to be 83.3 mg/L and the NOEC to 9.62 mg/L. .
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 101.1 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 11.7 mg/L
Additional information
Based on read-across to benzoic acid, the following effect concentrations were identified:
EC50 (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) = 101.1 mg/L (growth rate)
NOEC ( Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) = 11.7 mg/L
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