Indium trichloride

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

In the in vitro EPISKIN model test, Indium trichloride did not show significantly reduced cell viability in comparison to the negative control after 3 minutes and 1 hour exposure. All indium trichloride results were above 35% of the mean negative control value. Indium trichloride showed significantly reduced cell viability in comparison to the negative control (< 35 %) after four hours exposure (Kiss, 2012)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)

Version / remarks:

version 13 April 2004

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test system:

human skin model

Source species:

human

Cell type:

non-transformed keratinocytes

Cell source:

skin obtained from plastic surgery from multiple donors

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on test system:

RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EPISKIN-SM (Manufacturer: SkinEthic, France, Catalogue Number: EPISKIN/S/13
- Tissue batch number(s): 11-EKIN-042 / 12-EKIN-005
- Expiry date: 21 November 2011 / 06 February 2012
- Date of initiation of testing: 17 November 2011

TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 18-28°C
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation (if applicable): not applicable

REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Volume and number of washing steps: 1wahsing step: rinsing thoroughly with PBS 1x solution (0.9%)

MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 2.2 mL of 0.3 mg/mL MTT
- Incubation time: 3h
- Spectrophotometer: 96-well plate spectrophotometer
- Wavelength: 540nm

NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES:3

CONTROL TISSUES USED IN CASE OF MTT DIRECT INTERFERENCE (see any other info on mat and meth)


PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA (choose relevant statement):

- The test substance is considered to be corrosive to skin, if the mean relative viability after 4 hours of exposure is below 35% of the negative control.

Control samples:

yes, concurrent negative control

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent MTT non-specific colour control

Amount/concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 20 mg

VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): na; no formulation was required

NEGATIVE CONTROL: NaCI (9 g/l saline)
- Concentration (if solution): 50µl

POSITIVE CONTROL: glacial acetic acid
- Concentration (if solution): 50µl

Duration of treatment / exposure:

3 minutes, 1 hour and 4 hours

Number of replicates:

3

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

4h time point

Value:

10

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

1h time point

Value:

68

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Run / experiment:

3 min time point

Value:

87

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

The results of the optical density (OD) measured at 540 nm of each extract and the calculated % viability of the cells is presented below:

Substance	Exposure time	Optical Density (OD)		OD after adjustment*	Viability (%)
Negative Control:	4 hours (Day 0)	1	0.208		100
NaCI (9 g/l saline)		2	0.188
		3	0.192
		mean	0.196
	1 hour (Day 76)	1	0.156		100
		2	0.155
		3	0.179
		mean	0.163
Positive Control:	4 hours (Day 0)	1	0.011		6
Glacial acetic acid		2	0.008		4
		3	0.025		13
		mean	0.015		8
	1 hour (Day 76)	1	0.021		13
		2	0.035		21
		3	0.010		6
		mean	0.022		13
Test Item:	4 hours (Day 0)	1	0.035	0.016	8
Indium trichloride		2	0.043	0.024	12
		3	0.038	0.019	10
		mean		0.020	10
	1 hour (Day 76)	1	0.147	0.116	71
		2	0.097	0.066	40
		3	0.181	0.150	92
		mean		0.111	68
	3 minutes (Day 76)	1	0.159		98
		2	0.141		87
		3	0.126		77
		mean	0.142		87

 

*For the test item, the material had a residual colour which was expected to cause an OD of 0.019 and 0.031 after 4 hours and 1 hour exposure in the final solutions. This was subtracted from the measured OD values.

Interpretation of results:

Category 1C (corrosive) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

In this in vitro EPISKIN model test with Indium trichloride, the results indicate that the test item is corrosive after 4 hours exposure and not corrosive after 3 minutes and 1 hour exposure. The test item should be classified as Corrosive GHS Class 1C.

Executive summary:

Disks of EPISKIN were treated with test item Indium trichloride and incubated for3 minutes, 1 hour and 4 hoursat room temperature.The viability of each disk was assessed by quantification of formazan precipitate after incubation in MTT solution.NaCI (9 g/l saline) and glacial acetic acid treated epidermis were used as negative and positive controls respectively.An additional disk was used to provide an estimate of colour contribution from the test item.For each test item treated disk,Optical Density (OD)was calculated and the tissue viability was expressed as a % relative to negative control.

The test item did not show significantly reduced cell viability in comparison to the negative control after 3 minutes and 1 hour exposure. All test item results were above 35% of the mean negative control value.

The test item showed significantly reduced cell viability in comparison to the negative control (< 35 %) after four hours exposure.

All validity criteria were within acceptable limits and therefore the study can be considered as valid.

In this in vitro EPISKIN model test with Indium trichloride, the results indicate that the test item is corrosive after 4 hours exposure and not corrosive after 3 minutes and 1 hour exposure. The test item should be classified as Corrosive GHS Class 1C.

 

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (corrosive)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study need not be conducted because the available information indicates that the criteria are met for classification as corrosive to the skin or irritating to eyes

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

The results of Kiss I, 2012, indicate with the in vitro EPISKIN model test that indium trichloride is corrosive after 4 hours exposure and not corrosive after 3 minutes and 1 hour exposure.

This is confirmed by the Szakmary et al 2001 study, which evaluated according to OECD guideline 404, the skin irritation potential of indium trichloride in 3 male New Zealand White rabbits. The dose level of 500mg of indium chloride applied on an intact, and clean-shaven skin surface for 4h, caused severe irreversible dermal damages, i.e. it proved to be irritative and corrosive. Observations were made 1, 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Indium trichloride is corrosive after 4 hours exposure and not corrosive after 3 minutes and 1 hour exposure and should therefore be classified as Corrosive GHS Class 1C.