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The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-803-0 | CAS number: 88-14-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data is from peer reviewed journal
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Determination of skin sensitization potential of test chemical
- Author:
- D.L.J. Opdyke
- Year:
- 1 973
- Bibliographic source:
- Food and Cosmetics Toxicology,1973
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Draize test
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- Draize test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- Not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzyl formate
- EC Number:
- 203-214-4
- EC Name:
- Benzyl formate
- Cas Number:
- 104-57-4
- Molecular formula:
- C8H8O2
- IUPAC Name:
- Benzyl formate
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- Details on test material
-Name of the test material : benzyl formate
-Substance type : Organic
-Physical state : colorless liquid
- Molecular formula: C8H8O2
- Molecular weight : 136.14792 g/mol
- Smiles notation: C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC=O
- Purity : No data available
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available
Constituent 1
In vivo test system
Test animals
- Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- Hartley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- - Source: No data available
- Weight at study initiation: - 350gm
-Housing: wire mesh cages in pairs of the same sex
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): - pelleted guinea pig diet, cabbage, hay
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): No data available
- Humidity (%):No data available
- Air changes (per hr): No data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): No data available
Study design: in vivo (non-LLNA)
Inductionopen allclose all
- Route:
- intradermal
- Vehicle:
- no data
- Concentration / amount:
- no data
Challengeopen allclose all
- Route:
- intradermal
- Vehicle:
- no data
- Concentration / amount:
- no data
- No. of animals per dose:
- ten
- Details on study design:
- Ten animals weighing about 350 g at the start of testing were used in each test which comprised either 4 males and 6 females or visa versa. For demonstration of sensitivity by challenge with the test substance the hair was shaved from both flanks with Oster animal clippers, size 40 blades, and the test substance injected intradermally into one flank and applied topically without occlusion to the other flank.
Experimental design:
For test material preliminary irritation tests were done in guinea pigs to determine concentrations suitable for sensitization testing. Guinea pigs were then treated by intradermal injection to induce sensitization and challenged 2 weeks later by both intradermal injection and topical application.
When there was no evidence of sensitization the induction and challenge procedures were repeated. - Challenge controls:
- no data
- Positive control substance(s):
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Positive control results:
- no data
In vivo (non-LLNA)
Results
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 0.1 ml
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 10
- Clinical observations:
- negative reactions
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading. . Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: 0.1 ml. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 10.0. Clinical observations: negative reactions.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not sensitising
- Conclusions:
- Test chemical was considered to be non sensitizing to guinea pig skin by Draize test.
Test chemical was reported to be a non-sensitizer in Hartley strain albino guinea pigs exposed in a modified Draize procedure to 0.25% in the injection challenge and 20% in the application challenge; vehicles were not reported. Induction consisted of 10 animals given 0.1 ml intradermal injection at four different sites. Following a 2 week rest period, animals were challenged intradermally in one flank and topically in the opposite flank. Reactions were scored 24 h thereafter. - Executive summary:
Test chemical was considered to be non sensitizing to guinea pig skin by Draize test.
Test chemical was reported to be a non-sensitizer in Hartley strain albino guinea pigs exposed in a modified Draize procedure to 0.25% in the injection challenge and 20% in the application challenge; vehicles were not reported. Induction consisted of 10 animals given 0.1 ml intradermal injection at four different sites. Following a 2 week rest period, animals were challenged intradermally in one flank and topically in the opposite flank. Reactions were scored 24 h thereafter. There are no reports on the sensitization potential of the remaining perfume ingredients which caused sensitization in our guinea pig test. This suggests that they do not present a problem in use even though they appear to have some sensitization potential when stringently tested in guinea pig test.
The survey of sensitization in man by perfume ingredients which did not cause sensitization in guinea pig tests shows that nearly all the reports, based on patch tests, concern isolated cases. Patch test results show whether a person has or has not become sensitized to the test substance(s); they are an indication, not a proof, that the test substance is responsible for any clinical dermatitis. The evidence available indicates that perfume ingredients that are harmless to the very great majority of persons, do not sensitize guinea pigs by test procedures.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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