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EC number: 231-180-0 | CAS number: 7440-74-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
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- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Information obtained on soluble InCl3 is considered relevant for the general ecotoxicity of the In3+ ion, in combination with In(OH)3 complexes. It is therefore also used for the general conservative assessment of the acute ecotoxicity of In metal (powder). Given the proven very limited solubility and lack of aquatic ecotoxicity of In metal powder (see results on chronic testing with C. dubia and P. subcapitata), this general approach must be considered as very conservative for In metal.
There were studies on 3 freshwater species and 3 saltwater species available.
In freshwater, EC50 varied between >3.1 mg In/L (Hyalella azteca) and >455.5 mg/L (Daphnia magna)
in marine water, EC50 varied between 24.4 mg In/L (Brachionus plicatilis) and 51.0 mg In/L (Artemia salina)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 455 500 µg/L
Marine water invertebrates
Marine water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 24 420 µg/L
Additional information
Freshwater
For freshwater, there were three studies available with Daphnia magna as a test species; two studies with InCl3 as toxicant and one study used Indium nitrate as toxicant.
Addition of In at higher loading (i.e. > 10 mg InCl3/L) causes a pH effect, which could influence the ecotoxicity results. Therefore, there were two studies conducted with Daphnia magna as a test species where in a first study (Aecom 2012b) pH was adjusted to test conditions and in a second study (Aecom 2012b) pH was not adjusted. The study with the unadjusted pH (lower pH shift in the higher In concentrations) had a 8.5 times lower LC50 compared to the adjusted pH test. As the higher In concentrations in the unadjusted pH tests had pH lower than 4.5, the LC50 of the adjusted pH test was used as an appropriate toxicity endpoint for acute freshwater toxicity tests. Zurita et al. (2007) examined the acute effect of Indium nitrate on Daphnia magna. The LC50 was 26220 µg In/L. In this study pH was not reported; although the higher loading could lead to a pH drop which decreases the LC50.
The results of the different tests with Daphnia magna are shown in the table below:
pH adjusted conditions (Aecom 2012b) |
pH adjusted conditions (Aecom 2012b) |
pH non-adjusted conditions (Aecom 2012b) |
pH non-adjusted conditions (Aecom 2012b) |
pH non-adjusted conditions (Zurita 2007) |
|
|
µg total In /L |
µg InCl3/L |
µg total In/L |
µg InCl3/L |
µg In/L |
LC50 |
>455500 |
>877293 |
53260 |
102579 |
31920 |
NOEC |
455500 |
877293 |
35000 |
81050 |
11400 (after 48-h exp.) |
LOEC |
>455500 |
>877293 |
81050 |
156102 |
ND |
pH was only controlled in the Aecom (2012b) study with pH adjustment, these LC50 and NOEC were used for classification of In compounds.
Borgmann et al. (2005) conducted two test with a different hardness (soft water and tap water). The LC50 was > 3150 µg In/L in the tapwater test and > 1000 µg In/L in the soft water test. Although these tests were conducted with Hyellella azteca (sediment species), the results indicate that hardness could influence the ecotoxicity results of Indium.
Marine
In the marine tests (3 species) (Onikura et al., 2008), information on pH and In measurements were not available. Although the tests were not according to standard protocols, the studies are of good quality with a lowest LC50 of 24420 mg In/L.
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