1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone

PBT assessment

PBT assessment: overall result

PBT status:

the substance is not PBT / vPvB

Justification:

Classification of 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone for effects in the environment:

 

The chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone(CAS no. 6737-68-4) is used as a color additive for printing inks, plastics, rubber, gasoline, oil, lubricants, wax, candle etc. Also used in coloring of raw liquid of polyester fiber and transfer printing. The aim was to assess whether the PBT criterion within Annex XIII was fulfilled for 1,4 -bis[(2 -methylphenyl)amino] anthraquinone. The PBT criterion was herein assessed based on experimental data in conjunction with standardized environmental fate models. Here follows a description of the PBT assessment.

 

Persistence assessment

The tested substance fulfils the P criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Biotic degradation

Biodegradability of 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS no. 6737 -68 -4) is predicted using QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 0.2% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

 

Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test compound 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone (CAS no. 6737 -68 -4) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

                                                                 

Experimental results from the read across substances (CAS: 4403-90-1, 2498-66-0 and 74-31-7) also indicate that they are not readily biodegradable.

 

As the half-life value of chemical1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone is not known and only predicted data is available for the substance, it has been concluded that 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinoneis likely to be persistent (P) in nature.

 

Bioaccumulation assessment

The tested substance fulfils the B criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

The estimated BCF value from authoritative database was determined to be ranges from 6215 to 120000, respectively and the octanol water partition coefficient of the test chemical was estimated to be 8.69, which is greater than the threshold of 4.5. If this chemical is released into the aquatic environment, there should be a high risk for the chemical to bioaccumulate in fish and food chains.

 

Although the BCF value indicate the chemical to be Very bioaccumulative (vB), since only predicted data is available for the substance, it has been concluded that chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone is bioaccumulative (B) in fish and food chains.

 

Toxicity assessment

The tested substance does not fulfil the T criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Mammals

The tested chemical is regarded to be not classified for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reprotoxicity, Further, there is no evidence of chronic toxicity, as identified by the classifications STOT (repeated exposure), category 1(oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume) or category 2 (oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume).

 

Aquatic organisms

As per Column 2 (Annex VIII) of the REACH regulation,testing for this end point is considered scientifically unjustified since there are mitigating factors indicating that aquatic toxicity is unlikely to occur as the substance is highly insoluble in water (solubility: 0.00000697 mg/L at 25° C). The chemical 1,4-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]anthraquinone was therefore not considered as hazardous to aquatic environments as per the criteria set out in Annex XIII.

 

Conclusion

Based on critical, independent and collective evaluation of information summarized herein, the tested compound fulfils the P and B criterion but does not fulfil the T criterion and has therefore not been classified as a PBT compound within Annex XIII.