Sodium prop-2-enesulphonate

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Cross-reference

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test); adopted 22 Mar 1996

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium prop-2-enesulphonate

EC Number:

219-676-5

EC Name:

Sodium prop-2-enesulphonate

Cas Number:

2495-39-8

Molecular formula:

C3H6O3S.Na

IUPAC Name:

sodium prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Golpanol ALS wasserfrei
- Physical state: Solid / white
- Analytical purity: 71.3%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): 26% NaCl
- Lot/batch No.: 04749356P0
- Stability under test conditions: guaranteed by the sponsor
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature; avoidance of temperatures >60°C

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Crl:WI(Han), supplied by Charles River Laboratories, Research Models and Services, Germany GmbH
- Age: ca. 12 weeks at study initiation
- Mean weight: males 279-345 g, females 180-205 g at study initiation
- Housing: individually in Makrolon type M III cages supplied by Becker & Co., Castrop-Rauxel, Germany (floor area of about 800 cm²), with the following exceptions:
• During overnight matings, male and female mating partners were housed together in Makrolon type M III cages.
• Pregnant animals and their litters were housed together until PND 4 (end of lactation).
• For motor activity (MA) measurements the animals were housed individually in polycarbonate cages with wire covers from Ehret, Emmendingen (floor area of about 800 cm2) and small amounts of bedding material.
- Diet: ground Kliba maintenance diet mouse/rat “GLP” meal, supplied by Provimi Kliba SA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland, ad libitum
- Water: Drinking water was supplied from water bottles, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: ca. 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20-24
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

The test substance solutions in drinking water were prepared at the beginning of the administration period and thereafter in intervals, which took into account the analytical results of the stability verification. The maximum period for which each preparation was used was 7 days.
For the preparation of the administration solutions the test substance was weighed in a graduated measuring flask depending on the dose group, topped up with drinking water and subsequently thoroughly shaken until completely dissolved.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1
- Length of cohabitation: overnight
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear referred to as gestation day 0 (GD0)

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The duration of treatment covered a 2-week pre-mating and a mating period in both sexes, approximately 1 week post-mating in males, and the entire gestation period as well as 4 days of lactation and approximately 1 week thereafter in females.

Frequency of treatment:

daily (females in labor were not treated)

Duration of test:

The duration of treatment covered a 2-week pre-mating and a mating period in both sexes, approximately 1 week post-mating in males, and the entire gestation period as well as 4 days of lactation and approximately 1 week thereafter in females.

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 100, 300, 1000 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: A check for moribund or dead animals was made twice daily on working days or once daily (Saturday, Sunday or on public holidays). A cageside examination was conducted at least once daily for any signs of morbidity, pertinent behavioral changes and signs of overt toxicity.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once before the first administration and thereafter at weekly intervals
For observation, the animals were removed from their cages by the investigator and placed in a standard arena for at least 20 seconds/animal (50 x 37.5 cm wide, with side heights of 25 cm). The following parameters were assessed:
Abnormal behavior during “handling”, Fur, Skin, Posture, Salivation, Respiration, Activity/arousal level, Tremors, Convulsions, Abnormal movements, Gait abnormalities, Lacrimation, Palpebral closure, Exophthalmos, Assessment of the feces discharged during the examination (appearance/consistency), Assessment of the urine discharged during the examination, Pupil size.

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: once a week at the same time of the day

FOOD CONSUMPTION:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes, generally once a week

OTHER
On study day 31, a functional observational battery and motor activity measurement were carried out in five male animals per group.
On study day 45, a functional observational battery and motor activity measurement was carried out in five female animals (with litter) per group.
Urinalysis were carried out from 5 male and 5 female animals (with litter) per group on study day 30 (males) and 46 (females). Clinicochemical and hematological examinations were carried out on study days 35 (males) and 49 (females).

Ovaries and uterine content:

not applicable (screening test)

Fetal examinations:

not applicable (screening test)

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

Maternal developmental toxicity

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Details on maternal toxic effects:
Mortality
There were no test substance-related or spontaneous mortalities in any of the groups.

Clinical observations
No clinical signs or changes of general behavior, which may be attributed to the test substance, were detected in any male or female F0 generation parental animals during the whole study including gestation and lactation periods.
Six high-dose males showed salivation after treatment (weeks 1 - 4). This transient salivation for a few minutes immediately after each treatment was likely to be induced by the unpleasant taste of the test substance or by local irritation of the upper digestive tract. It is not considered to be a sign of systemic toxicity.
Two sperm positive control females did not deliver F1 pups.

Food consumption
Low-, mid- and high dose males and females did not show any test substance-related changes of food consumption during the whole study.

Body weight data
Body weights/ body weight gain of all treated males and females were not influenced by the treatment during the whole study.
This statement includes the statistically significantly decreased body weight change of the mid-dose males between weeks 0-1.

Detailed clinical observations (DCO)
Male and female animals of all dose groups (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/d) did not show any abnormalities.

Female reproduction and delivery data
The female mating index for F1 litter was 100% in all test groups.
The mean duration until sperm was detected (GD 0) varied between 2.1 and 3.6 days without any relation to dosing.
All sperm positive rats delivered pups or had implants in utero with the following exceptions: 2 control females did not become pregnant
The fertility index varied between 80% in control and 100% in test groups 1, 2 and 3 (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/d). These values reflect the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain of rats used for this study.
One non-pregnant female control rat did not show macroscopically visible lesions to explain the apparent infertility. However, the fixed tissue of the uterus was damaged or incomplete and precluded further diagnosis. In the second non-pregnant female control rat a severe dilation of both uterine horns containing suppurative cloudy fluids indicated inflammatory processes in the uterus which most likely explained the infertility.
The mean duration of gestation was similar in all test groups (i.e. between 21.8 and 22.0 days). The gestation index was 100% in the control and all dose groups.
Implantation, prenatal development and delivery were not affected by the treatment since neither the mean number of implantation sites nor the postimplantation loss or the average litter size showed any statistically significant differences between the groups.
The rate of liveborn pups was also not affected by the test substance, as indicated by live birth indices of 99% (control and low-dose groups) or 100% (mid- and high-dose groups). Moreover, the number of stillborn pups was comparable between the groups.

Pathology
Concerning gross pathology as well as histopathology all findings occurred either singly or were biologically equally distributed over the control group and the treatment groups. They are considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment up to 1000 mg/kg bw/d.


No treatment-related changes among hematological parameters were measured.

No treatment-related changes among clinical chemistry parameters were measured.

No treatment-related changes among urinalysis parameters were measured.

Effect levels (maternal animals)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect level:

other: developmental toxicity

Results (fetuses)

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Pup number and status at delivery
The mean number of delivered F1 pups per dam and the rates of liveborn and stillborn F1 pups were evenly distributed about the groups. The respective values reflect the normal range of biological variation inherent in the strain used in this study.

Pup viability/mortality
The viability index indicating pup mortality during lactation (PND 0 - 4) varied between 99% (control and test group 2) and 100% (test groups 1 and 3) without showing any association to the treatment.

Sex ratio
The sex distribution and sex ratios of live F1 pups on the day of birth and PND 4 did not show substantial differences between the control and the test substance-treated groups; slight differences were regarded to be spontaneous in nature.

Pup body weight data
Pup body weights/body weight gain of the low-, mid- and high-dose pups were not influenced by the treatment. The number of "runts" was highest in the low-dose group.

Pup necropsy observations
One control and one low-dose F1 pup showed post mortem autolysis, a spontaneous finding, at gross necropsy. No malformations were observed, indications for embryotoxic/teratogenic effects were not noted.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: develpmental toxicity no adverse effects observed

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

not specified

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Under the conditions of this Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test in Wistar Rats Golpanol ALS wasserfrei had no adverse effects regarding developmental toxicity of the F0 parental animals of both sexes at 100; 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/d.

 

No general systemic toxicity was noted in the F0 parental animals at all dose levels tested. Golpanol ALS wasserfrei caused no indications of test substance-induced effects in low-, mid- and high-dose rats regarding considering food consumption and body weights/ body weight gain as well as detailed clinical examinations in an open field, in a functional observational battery (FOB) and measurements of motor activity.

 

Concerning clinical and gross pathology as well as histopathology all findings occurred either singly or were biologically equally distributed over the control group and the treatment groups. They are considered to be incidental or spontaneous in origin and without any relation to treatment up to 1000 mg/kg bw/d.

 

Up to 1000 mg/kg bw/d Golpanol ALS wasserfrei caused no developmental toxicity. No alteration of the pre-/postnatal development of the F1 offspring was indicated in number of delivered, liveborn and stillborn pups as well as survival, weight/weight gain, and sex ratio of pups.