Allyl butyrate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

Data is from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and the QMRAF report has been attached.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Estimated data

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction was done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (IUPAC name): 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate
- Common name: Allyl butyrate
- Molecular formula: C7H12O2
- Molecular weight: 128.17 g/mol
- Smiles notation: C(OCC=C)(CCC)=O
- InChl: 1S/C7H12O2/c1-3-5-7(8)9-6-4-2/h4H,2-3,5-6H2,1H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

No data available

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

No data available

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Water flea

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

No data available

Post exposure observation period:

No data available

Hardness:

No data available

Test temperature:

No data available

pH:

No data available

Dissolved oxygen:

No data available

Salinity:

No data available

Conductivity:

No data available

Nominal and measured concentrations:

No data available

Details on test conditions:

No data available

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

169.771 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

estimated

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Intoxication

Remarks on result:

other: Nontoxic

Details on results:

No data available

Results with reference substance (positive control):

No data available

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No data available

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: EC50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 7 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and ("i" and ( not "j") )  )  and "k" )  and "l" )  and ("m" and "n" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom AND SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN2 AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom AND SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Allyl acetates and related chemicals by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters AND Vinyl/Allyl Esters by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones OR Radical OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Alkylphosphates, Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom >> Alpha-Haloethers by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify according to these rules by DPRA Lysine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as High reactive OR High reactive >> Acrylic acid esters OR Low reactive OR Low reactive >> Activated haloarenes by DPRA Lysine peptide depletion

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, non cyclic structure by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR Non binder, MW>500 OR Non binder, without OH or NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group OR Weak binder, NH2 group OR Weak binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Reactive unspecified by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 3 (unspecific reactivity) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 0.227

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 2.76

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Based on the intoxication of daphnia magna due to the exposure of 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate, the EC50 was 169.77 mg/l for 48 hrs.

Executive summary:

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances, toxicity on Daphnia magna was predicted for 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate (2051-78-7). The EC50 value based on the intoxication was estimated to be 169.77 mg/l when 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate ( Allyl butyrate) exposed to Daphnia magna for 48hrs.

Description of key information

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances, toxicity on Daphnia magna was predicted for 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate (2051-78-7). The EC50 value based on the intoxication was estimated to be 169.77 mg/l when 2-Propen-1-yl butanoate ( Allyl butyrate) exposed to Daphnia magna for 48hrs.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

169.77 mg/L

Additional information

Based on the various experimental data and prediction data for the target chemical study have been reviewed to determine the toxic nature of Allyl butyrate (

2-Propen-1-yl butanoate) (2051-78-7) on the growth of invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:

In the first predicted study for the target chemical Allyl butyrate (2051-78-7) from QSAR toolbox 2017, study was carried out. Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the seven closest read across substances, toxicity on daphnia magna predicted for Allyl butyrate (2051-78-7). The EC50 value was estimated to be 169.77 mg/l when Allyl butyrate exposed to daphnia magna for 48 hrs.

 

In the second experimental weight of evidence study for the RA chemical (105-54-4) from ABITEC report 2017, Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of daphnids was carried out with the substance ethyl butyrate according to OECD Guideline 202. The test substance was tested at the concentrations 0, 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg/L. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance ethyl butyrate in Daphnia magna was determined to be 116.6 mg/L for immobilisation effects. This value indicates that the substance is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and cannot be classified as toxic as per the CLP criteria.

 

Similarly in the third weight of evidence study for the second RA chemical (112-14-1) from ABITEC report study was carried out for the determination of the inhibition of the mobility of daphnids by the exposure with the substance Octyl Acetate. Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of daphnids was carried out with the substance Octyl Acetate according to OECD Guideline 202. The test substance was tested at the limit concentration of 100 mg/l. Effects on immobilisation and growth inhibition were observed for 48 hours. The effective concentration (EC8) for the test substance, Octyl Acetate in Daphnia magna was determined to be 100 mg/L for immobilisation and inhibition effects where 8% daphnia inhibited. As the EC8 was at 100 mg/l, thus EC50 was greater than 100 mg/l. So on that basis chemical Octyl Acetate was consider to be not toxic. This value indicates that the substance Octyl Acetate is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and cannot be classified as toxic as per the CLP criteria.

 

Similarly in the fourth weight of evidence study for the RA chemical (105-54-4) from HSDB and ECOTOX databases, 2017, Short term toxicity study of Ethylbutyrate was carried out on the growth of Daphnia magna and was observed for 24 hrs. Less than 24 hrs, 5 daphnia were used in fresh water and static condition at 20 -22 degree C temperature. 50% immobility (LC 50) was observed at range concentration of 755 mg/l. Based on the value, ethyl butyrate was considered to be non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates and can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP regulations.

Based on the data obtain from various predicted and experimental studies for the toxicity on invertebrates due to the exposure of Allyl butyrate (2051-78-7) thus it was concluded that the chemical Allyl butyrate, (2051-78-7) was consider as nontoxic and can be consider to be not classified as toxic to aquatic invertebrates as per CLP classification criteria.