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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Acute oral toxicity:

LD50 was estimated to be 1728 mg/kg bw when Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were orally exposed with 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
acute toxicity: oral
Type of information:
(Q)SAR
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
Justification for type of information:
Data is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 and the supporting QMRF report has been attached
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: as below
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.4
GLP compliance:
not specified
Test type:
standard acute method
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material: 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid
- Molecular formula: C8H11NO3S
- Molecular weight: 201.245 g/mol
- Smiles notation: O=S(=O)(O)c1c(N)c(cc(C)c1)C
- InChl: 1S/C8H11NO3S/c1-5-3-6(2)8(9)7(4-5)13(10,11)12/h3-4H,9H2,1-2H3,(H,10,11,12)
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid
Species:
rat
Strain:
Sprague-Dawley
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
not specified
Route of administration:
oral: unspecified
Vehicle:
silicone oil
Details on oral exposure:
not specified
Doses:
1728 mg/kg bw
No. of animals per sex per dose:
4
Control animals:
not specified
Details on study design:
not specified
Statistics:
not specified
Preliminary study:
not specified
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Effect level:
1 728 mg/kg bw
Based on:
test mat.
Remarks on result:
other: 50 % mortality observed
Mortality:
not specified
Clinical signs:
other: not specified
Gross pathology:
not specified
Other findings:
not specified

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: LD50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" )  and ("f" and ( not "g") )  )  and ("h" and ( not "i") )  )  and ("j" and ( not "k") )  )  and "l" )  and "m" )  and "n" )  and ("o" and ( not "p") )  )  and ("q" and ( not "r") )  )  and "s" )  and ("t" and ( not "u") )  )  and "v" )  and ("w" and "x" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Anilines (Acute toxicity) by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Anilines by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aromatic amines OR Sulfonic acids or their salts by Skin irritation/corrosion Inclusion rules by BfR ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety OR Anilines (Hindered) by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition reaction with cycloisomerization OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition reaction with cycloisomerization >> Hydrazine Derivatives OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation >> Polarized Haloalkene Derivatives OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR AN2 >> Thioacylation via nucleophilic addition after cysteine-mediated thioketene formation >> Polarized Haloalkene Derivatives OR No alert found OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Coumarins OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide and Aminoalkylamine Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Naphthalenediimide Derivatives OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinolone Derivatives OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Non-specific OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation >> Five-Membered Aromatic Nitroheterocycles OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Conjugated Nitro Compounds OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Coumarins OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Diazenes and Azoxyalkanes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Hydrazine Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> p-Aminobiphenyl Analogs OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Polynitroarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones and Trihydroxybenzenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Naphthalenediimide Derivatives OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN1 >> Direct nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation (DNA alkylation) OR SN1 >> Direct nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation (DNA alkylation) >> Diazenes and Azoxyalkanes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after nitrenium ion formation >> p-Aminobiphenyl Analogs OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Conjugated Nitro Compounds OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrophenols, Nitrophenyl Ethers and Nitrobenzoic Acids OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Polynitroarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ion OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ion >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Alkylation OR SN2 >> Alkylation >> Alkylphosphates, Alkylthiophosphates and Alkylphosphonates OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related >> Epoxides and Aziridines OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Haloalkenes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Polarized Haloalkene Derivatives OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Naphthalenediimide Derivatives OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Coumarins OR SN2 >> Direct nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation OR SN2 >> Direct nucleophilic attack on diazonium cation >> Hydrazine Derivatives OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3 and activated sp2 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3 and activated sp2 carbon atom >> Polarized Haloalkene Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Anilines by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) ester group OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) ester group >> Arenecarboxylic Acid Esters OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) sulfonamide group OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) sulfonamide group >> Arenesulfonamides OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Carbamates  OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> N-Carbonylsulfonamides OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis >> Carbamates  OR AN2 >> Michael type addition to activated double bond of pyrimidine bases OR AN2 >> Michael type addition to activated double bond of pyrimidine bases >> Pyrimidines and Purines OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Carboxylic Acid Amides OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition at polarized N-functional double bond OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic addition at polarized N-functional double bond >> Arenesulfonamides OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl group of pyrimidine and purine bases OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl group of pyrimidine and purine bases >> Pyrimidines and Purines OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Michael type addition on quinone type chemicals OR Michael addition >> Michael type addition on quinone type chemicals >> Pyranones, Pyridones (and related nitrogen chemicals)  OR SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom >> Thiocyanates by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Activated halo-benzenes by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No superfragment by Superfragments ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Similarity boundary:Target: Cc1cc(C)cc(S(O)(=O)=O)c1N
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aromatic amines AND Sulfonic acids or their salts by Skin irritation/corrosion Inclusion rules by BfR ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aromatic Amine Type Compounds by Oncologic Primary Classification

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Compounds by Oncologic Primary Classification

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Inclusion rules not met by Eye irritation/corrosion Inclusion rules by BfR

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Thiazoles and thiazolidines by Eye irritation/corrosion Inclusion rules by BfR

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Very fast by Bioaccumulation - metabolism half-lives ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "t"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alkyl substituent on aromatic ring AND Aromatic amine   [-NH2  or  -NH-] AND Aromatic-CH3 AND Aromatic-H AND Benzene AND Sulfonic acid / salt -> aromatic attach by Bioaccumulation - metabolism alerts

Domain logical expression index: "u"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic alcohol  [-OH] OR Aliphatic amine   [-NH2  or  -NH-] OR Aomatic Sulfur OR Aromatic acid   [-C(=O)-OH] OR Aromatic alcohol  [-OH] OR Aromatic ether  [-O-aromatic carbon] OR Aromatic-CH OR Aromatic-CH2 OR -CH2-  [linear] OR Ester   [-C(=O)-O-C] OR Linear C4 terminal chain  [CCC-CH3] OR Methyl  [-CH3] OR Number of fused 5-carbon aromatic rings OR Number of fused 6-carbon aromatic rings OR Polycyclic -CH3 (3 fused rings or less) OR Tertiary amine OR Thiazole Ring OR Triazole Ring OR Unsubstituted phenyl group (C6H5-) by Bioaccumulation - metabolism alerts

Domain logical expression index: "v"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Class 5 (Not possible to classify according to these rules) by Acute aquatic toxicity classification by Verhaar (Modified) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "w"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -2.08

Domain logical expression index: "x"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= -0.388

Interpretation of results:
Category 4 based on GHS criteria
Conclusions:
The LD50 was estimated to be 1728 mg/kg bw when Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were orally exposed with 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid.
Executive summary:

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute oral toxicity was estimated for 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid. The LD50 was estimated to be 1728 mg/kg bw when Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were orally exposed with 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Value:
1 728 mg/kg bw
Quality of whole database:
Data is Klimisch 2 and from OECD QSAR toolbox

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Additional information

Acute oral toxicity:

In different studies, 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid has been investigated for acute oral toxicity to a greater or lesser extent. Often are the studies based on in vivo experiments and estimated data in rodents, i.e. most commonly in mice and rats for 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acida long with the study available on structurally similar read across substance 2,4,6-Trimethylanilin (CAS no 88-05-1) and 3,5-Xylidine (CAS no 108-69-0). The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental studies.

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute oral toxicity was estimated for 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid. The LD50 was estimated to be 1728 mg/kg bw when Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were orally exposed with 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid.

In another experimental study summarized by U.S. National Library of Medicine (ChemIDplus A TOXNET DATABASE Lite Browse Advanced, 2017) on structurally similar read across substance 2,4,6-Trimethylanilin (CAS no 88-05-1), rat and mice were treated with 2,4,6-Trimethylanilin orally. 50% mortality was observed at 743 mg/kg bw in rat and 590 mg/kg bw in mice. Therefore, LD50 was considered to be 743 mg/kg bw for rat and 590 mg/kg bw for mice when treated with 2,4,6-Trimethylanilin orally.   

Further this is supported by experimental study conducted by Aerospace Medical Research Lab (National Technical Reports Library, (NTRL), 1972) on structurally similar read across substance 3,5-Xylidine (CAS no 108-69-0), rat and mice were treated with 3,5-Xylidine orally. 50% mortality was observed at 707 mg/kg bw in rat and 421 mg/kg bw in mice. Therefore, LD50 was considered to 707 mg/kg bw for rat and 421 mg/kg bw for mice when treated with 3,5-Xylidine orally.  

Thus, based on the above studies and predictions on 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid and its read across substances, it can be concluded that LD50 value is less than 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid can be classified as category IV of acute oral toxicity.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the above studies and predictions on 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid and its read across substances, it can be concluded that LD50 value is less than 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid can be classified as category IV of acute oral toxicity.