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EC number: 201-854-9 | CAS number: 88-73-3
- Life Cycle description
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- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
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- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
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- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
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- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
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- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
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- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
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- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1984
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 984
- Report date:
- 1984
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene
- EC Number:
- 201-854-9
- EC Name:
- 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene
- Cas Number:
- 88-73-3
- Molecular formula:
- C6H4ClNO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): o-Chlornitrobenzol
- Analytical purity: 99%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): 1% p-chloronitrobenzene (max.)
- Other: Test compound ordered by Griesheim, Chem. Betriebe 1, Dr. Görtz
- Stability: no data
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- S. typhimurium: histidin
E. coli: tryptophan
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- rat (Aroclor 1254 induced) liver S9-mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 4, 20, 100, 500, 2500 µg/plate, dissolved in 100 µL DMSO, additionally:TA100 with S9-mix: 2000 µg/plate, dissolved in 100 µL DMSO
- Vehicle / solvent:
- DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- for concentrations see details below
- Positive control substance:
- other: sodium azide; 9-Aminoacridine; 2 -Nitrofluorene; N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; Benzo[a]pyrene; 2 -Aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation);
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48-72 hours
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: triplicates
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: other: Surviving fraction; bacterial background lawn
For the plate incorporation method, without metabolic activation, 0.1 ml of the test solutions, 0.1 ml of fresh bacterial culture and 0.5 ml of sterile buffer are mixed with 2.0 ml of overlay agar. For the assay with metabolic activation, usually 0.5 ml of metabolic activation mixture are mixed with the overlay agar (2.0 ml), together with the bacteria and test substance/test solution. All plates were incubated at 37°C for 48-72 hours in the dark. After the incubation period, the number of revertant colonies per plate is counted.
Toxicity and dose finding
Preliminary toxicity tests were performed with all tester strains using a smal number of plates to calculate an appropriate dose range.
In combination, toxicity testing was performed as follows: 0,1 ml of the different solutions of the test compound were mixed with 0.1 ml of 10e-6 dilution of the overnight culture of TA 100 and plated with histidine and biotin rich top agar (3 plates per dose). - Evaluation criteria:
- no data
- Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- At 2500 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- At 2500 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 98, TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- At 2500 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- At 2500 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- other: TA 1535, TA 1537, WP2uvrA
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- At 2500 µg/plate
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
Data on cytotoxicity were only given for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100.
Without metabolic activation no cytotoxicity occured in this strain.
With metabolic activation cytotoxicity (> 50 %) occured at 2500 µg/plate.
No more information given. - Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type: TA 98
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
TA 100: Number of revertant colonies per plate and mean values of 3 plates
Dose1µg/plate |
Metabolic activation |
Mean value |
Colonies per plate |
Surviving fraction |
0 |
- |
149 |
169, 134, 143 |
1,0 |
4 |
- |
133 |
160, 130, 110 |
1,0 |
20 |
- |
143 |
148, 143, 138 |
1,0 |
100 |
- |
155 |
174, 164, 128 |
1,0 |
500 |
- |
130 |
172, 91, 127 |
0,9 |
1000 |
- |
140 |
164, 116, 141 |
0,9 |
2500 |
- |
21 |
62, *, * (*) |
0,08 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
+ |
142 |
136 154, 137 |
1,0 |
4 |
+ |
135 |
107, 150, 148 |
1,1 |
20 |
+ |
137 |
142, 148, 121 |
1,1 |
100 |
+ |
148 |
180, 132, 133 |
1,1 |
500 |
+ |
249 |
301, 259, 186 |
0,9 |
1000 |
+ |
343 |
460, 380, 190 (*) |
0,9 |
2500 |
+ |
170 |
261, 103, 147 (*) |
0,3 |
Second experiment: TA 100: Number of revertant colonies per plate and mean values
Dose1µg/plate |
Metabolic activation |
Mean value |
Colonies per plate |
0 |
+ |
145 |
141, 151, 150, 136 |
4 |
+ |
140 |
135, 169, 112, 142 |
20 |
+ |
138 |
136, 140, 144, 130 |
100 |
+ |
151 |
154, 149, 150, 150 |
250 |
+ |
175 |
180, 181, 170, 168 |
500 |
+ |
221 |
198, 222, 240, 225 |
1000 |
+ |
400 |
414, 464, 323, 400 |
2000 |
+ |
311 |
356, 354, 305, 228 (*) |
TA 1535: Number of revertant colonies per plate and mean values
Dose1µg/plate |
Metabolic activation |
Mean value |
Colonies per plate |
0 |
- |
23 |
24, 25, 19 |
4 |
- |
16 |
17, 12, 19 |
20 |
- |
23 |
20, 25, 25 |
100 |
- |
24 |
13, 27, 31 |
500 |
- |
24 |
34, 19, 19 |
2500 |
- |
5 |
0, 8, 8 (*) |
|
|
|
|
0 |
+ |
13 |
15, 10, 13 |
4 |
+ |
10 |
8, 14, 8 |
20 |
+ |
10 |
8, 12, 11 |
100 |
+ |
10 |
10, 6, 13 |
500 |
+ |
11 |
9, 9, 15 |
2500 |
+ |
9 |
10, 8, 8 (*) |
TA 1537: Number of revertant colonies per plate and mean values
Dose1µg/plate |
Metabolic activation |
Mean value |
Colonies per plate |
0 |
- |
5 |
4, 4, 8 |
4 |
- |
5 |
4, 5, 7 |
20 |
- |
9 |
12, 5, 9 |
100 |
- |
9 |
8, 10, 9 |
500 |
- |
5 |
5, 7, 4 |
2500 |
- |
1 |
0, 0, 4 (*) |
|
|
|
|
0 |
+ |
9 |
7, 8, 11 |
4 |
+ |
5 |
3, 6, 6 |
20 |
+ |
7 |
8, 8, 6 |
100 |
+ |
10 |
7, 10, 13 |
500 |
+ |
7 |
6, 4, 11 |
2500 |
+ |
6 |
10, 2, 5 (*) |
TA 1538: Number of revertant colonies per plate and mean values
Dose1µg/plate |
Metabolic activation |
Mean value |
Colonies per plate |
0 |
- |
9 |
5, 13, 9, 8 |
4 |
- |
9 |
9, 9, 10, 9 |
20 |
- |
11 |
9, 9, 13, 14 |
100 |
- |
12 |
6, 12, 12, 16 |
500 |
- |
16 |
15, 19, 18, 10 |
1000 |
- |
22 |
23, 21, 21, 21 |
2500 |
- |
|
16, *, *, * (*) |
|
|
|
|
0 |
+ |
17 |
18, 15, 18, 18 |
4 |
+ |
16 |
12, 17, 18, 16 |
20 |
+ |
17 |
13, 18, 21, 15 |
100 |
+ |
16 |
17, 16, 15, 14 |
500 |
+ |
16 |
13, 16, 15, 19 |
1000 |
+ |
23 |
22, 22, 23, 26 |
2500 |
+ |
16 |
17, 14, 19, 13 (*) |
T 98: Number of revertant colonies per plate and mean values
Dose1µg/plate |
Metabolic activation |
Mean value |
Colonies per plate |
0 |
- |
22 |
23, 19, 25 |
4 |
- |
25 |
19, 32, 24 |
20 |
- |
17 |
19, 19, 13 |
100 |
- |
21 |
19, 14, 29 |
500 |
- |
24 |
24, 16, 33 |
1000 |
- |
22 |
24, 23, 20 |
2500 |
- |
28 |
25, 25, 34 (*) |
|
|
|
|
0 |
+ |
24 |
23, 27, 23 |
4 |
+ |
27 |
20, 32, 29 |
20 |
+ |
27 |
32, 24, 26 |
100 |
+ |
30 |
29, 36, 24 |
500 |
+ |
39 |
37, 37, 42 |
1000 |
+ |
47 |
36, 48, 57 |
2500 |
+ |
33 |
36, 36, 27 |
WP2uvrA: Number of revertant colonies per plate and mean values
Dose1µg/plate |
Metabolic activation |
Mean value |
Colonies per plate |
0 |
- |
29 |
33, 27, 28 |
4 |
- |
37 |
34, 38, 39 |
20 |
- |
36 |
41, 36, 30 |
100 |
- |
40 |
45, 43, 33 |
500 |
- |
40 |
43, 39, 37 |
2500 |
- |
19 |
20, 14, 22 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
+ |
37 |
49, 29 ,32 |
4 |
+ |
35 |
37, 40, 29 |
20 |
+ |
35 |
48, 34, 24 |
100 |
+ |
39 |
42, 29, 47 |
500 |
+ |
44 |
39, 51, 42 |
2500 |
+ |
42 |
43, 52, 32 |
1: dissolved in DMSO
- : absense
+ : presence
* : incomplete bacterial lawn
Mutability (positive controls) and sterility test of the experiment with o-Chlornitrobenzol
Number of revertant colonies per plate (mean values) using Salmonella typhimurium strains and E. coli
Strain |
Compound |
Dose (µg/plate) |
Metab. activ. |
Mean value |
TA 100 TA 1535 TA 1537 TA 1538 TA 98 WP2uvrA - |
Sodium azide Sodium azide 9-Aminoacridine 2-Nitrofluorene 2-Nitrofluorene MNNG o-Chlornitrobenzol |
1 1 50 5 5 2.5 500 |
- - - - - - - |
726 481 202 843 727 376 0 |
TA 100 TA 1002 TA 1535 TA 1537 TA 1538 TA 98 WP2uvrA |
2-Aminoanthracene 2-Aminoanthracene 2-Aminoanthracene 2-Aminoanthracene 2-Aminoanthracene 2-Aminoanthracene 2-Aminoanthracene |
0.5 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 10 |
+ + + + + + + |
649 536 289 222 546 956 830 |
TA 100 TA 100 TA 1535 TA 1537 TA 1538 TA 98 WP2uvrA - - |
Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene S9 mix o-Chlornitrobenzol |
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 500 µl 500 µg |
+ + + + + + + + + |
643 619 26 152 219 720 124 0 0 |
- : absence
+ : presence
2 : second experiment
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive with metabolic activation in TA 100
ambiguous with metabolic activation TA 98
ambiguous without metabolic activation in TA 1538
negative in TA 1537, TA 1535 and ind WP2uvrA - Executive summary:
Hoechst AG, 1984
The mutagenic activity of 1 -chloro-2-nitrobenzene was investigated in a bacterial gene mutation assay conducted similar to OECD-guideline 471. The preincubation assay was performed with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA1538, TA1537, TA100, TA1535 and in E. coli strain WP2uvrA both in presence and absence of a metabolic activator (Aroclor1254-induced rat liver S9) at 0, 4, 20, 100, 500, 2500 µg and additionally in TA100 with S9 -Mix 2000 µg 1 -chloro-2 -nitrobenzene per plate.
In the absence of the metabolic activation system, the test compound induced a relatively small but dose dependent increase of revertants with the bacterial strain TA1538 (2.4 times the control value). 1 -chloro-2 -nitrobenzene induced mutations in presence of the metabolic activator in the strain TA100.
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