Tripiperazine dicitrate

Basic toxicokinetics

Administrative data

Endpoint:

basic toxicokinetics in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Data is from per reviewed publication

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Human Urinary Excretion of Piperazine Citrate from Syrup Formulations

Author:

S. HANNA. and A. TANG

Year:

1973

Bibliographic source:

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol. 62, No. 12, December 1973

Materials and methods

Objective of study:

toxicokinetics

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Modified colorimetric method: The aim of this study was to compare the amount of piperazine excreted in the urine over 24 hr. after oral administration of a newly developed syrup formula, equivalent to 3.5 g. piperazine hexahydrate, against a commercial syrup sample. This dose was chosen according to the normal adult dose range for the treatment of ascariasis.

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Tripiperazine dicitrate

EC Number:

205-622-8

EC Name:

Tripiperazine dicitrate

Cas Number:

144-29-6

Molecular formula:

C6H8O7.3/2C4H10N2

IUPAC Name:

piperazine 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (3:2) (salt)

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Piperazine Citrate - Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C12H30N6•Cl2H16O14 - Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 642.76 g/mole - Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): C1CNCCN1.C1CNCCN1.C1CNCCN1.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O.C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O - Substance type: Organic - Physical state: Solid-Purity:99.0% (BP)

Radiolabelling:

no

Test animals

Species:

other: Human

Strain:

other: not applicable

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Five Caucasian subjects, three men and two women ranging from 23 to 38 years of age, in normal state of health as determined by prior physical and laboratory medical examination, were used in this trial

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on exposure:

an oral dosage of 35 ml. of piperazine citrate syrup equivalent to 3.5 g. piperazine hexahydrate was administered to five Caucasian subjects

Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:

24 hrsFrequency was a single dose

Doses / concentrations

Dose / conc.:

20 other: mcg./ml

No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:

5 (three men and two women)

Control animals:

no

Positive control reference chemical:

not specified

Details on study design:

Prior to the oral administration of either syrup sample, a urine sample was collected from each individual to be used as an internal control.

Details on dosing and sampling:

not specified

Statistics:

not specified

Results and discussion

Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies

Details on absorption:

Readily absorbed from the GI tract

Details on distribution in tissues:

not specified

Details on excretion:

Urinary excretion began 1 hr after the oral administration, and the rate was maximal between 2 and 6 hr. Excretion was nearly completed in 24 hr. Within 24 hours between 60 to 75% of the administered dose was excreted. The total urinary recovery of piperazine varied from 15 to 75%.

Toxicokinetic parameters

Toxicokinetic parameters:

other: not specified

Metabolite characterisation studies

Metabolites identified:

not specified

Bioaccessibility (or Bioavailability)

Bioaccessibility (or Bioavailability) testing results:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Piperazine citrate was readily absorbed from the GI tract. Urinary excretion began 1 hr after the oral administration, and the rate was maximal between 2 and 6 hr. Excretion was nearly completed in 24 hr. Within 24 hours between 60 to 75% of the administered dose was excreted. The total urinary recovery of piperazine varied from 15 to 75%. Thus, the bio-accumulation potential of piperazine citrate in the human body is likely to be low.

Executive summary:

A modified colorimetric method using Folin's amino acid reagent was used for the quantitative determination of piperazine in human urine. Comparative urinary excretion trials were carried out on five subjects using two different piperazine citrate syrup formulas. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of piperazine excreted in the urine over 24 hr after oral administration of a newly developed syrup formula, equivalent to 3.5 g. piperazine hexahydrate, against a commercial syrup sample. This dose was chosen according to the normal adult dose range for the treatment of ascariasis. Five Caucasian subjects, three men and two women ranging from 23 to 38 years of age, in normal state of health as determined by prior physical and laboratory medical examination, were used in this trial. Each was administered an oral dosage of 35 ml. of piperazine citrate syrup equivalent to 3.5 g. piperazine hexahydrate. At least 48 hr. elapsed between the administration of the new formula and the commercial sample. Prior to the oral administration of either syrup sample, a urine sample was collected from each individual to be used as an internal control. Urine samples were collected. whenever possible, at 1, 2.5, 4.5. 6.5, 9, 13, 20, and 24 hr. after oral administration.
Piperazine citrate was readily absorbed from the GI tract. The percentage and pattern of urinary excretion of piperazine calculatedashexahydrate varied from individual to individual, as seen in the five subjects. Urinary excretion began 1 hr after the oral administration, and the rate was maximal between 2 and 6 hr. Excretion was nearly completed in 24 hr. Within 24 hours between 60 to 75% of the administered dose was excreted. The total urinary recovery of piperazine varied from15to75%. Thus, the bio-accumulation potential of piperazine citrate in the human body is likely to be low.