Anisyl formate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short-term toxicity to fish

Using the EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.11, the short term toxicity on fish was predicted for test substance (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate  (CAS no.122-91-8) on the basis of effects observed in a static freshwater system. The lethal concentration LC50 value for the substance was estimated to be 302.964 mg/l for fish for 96 hr exposure duration. Based on this lethal value it can be concluded that the substance (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate  (CAS no.122-91-8)can be considered to be non toxic to aquatic environment and thus it become not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrate was predicted for (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8). Effect concentration i.e EC50 value was estimated to be 124.05 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration. Based on the effect value, (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) was non toxic to aquatic invertebrates, hence it can be considered to be not classified  as per the CLP classification criteria for aquatic environment.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Based on the prediction done using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances, the short term toxicity on aquatic algae and cyanobacteria was predicted for target substance (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate. EC50 value was estimated to be 366.35 mg/l for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for 72 h duration. This effect value indicating that the substance substance (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate (CAS no. 122-91-8) does not pose a significant hazard to algae and thus consider to be not classifies as per the CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to microorganisms

In- vitro toxicity study, 1: 500 diluted Anisyl formate was tested on cultures of four bacteria. No inhibitory effect on growing cultures of four bacteria was observed. Therefore, IC0 was considered to be 1: 500 diluted for Anisyl formate.  

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish

Two studies from prediction report and experimental study from authorative database for short term fish toxicity endpoint for test chemical (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) with relevant read across which is structurally similar to target were reviewed as follows:

First result from prediction done using the EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.10 the 96 hours the lethal concentration LC50 was estimated to be 302.964 mg/l on Fish for target chemical (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) on the basis of mortality effects.

Above target prediction assist by experimental study for read across chemical 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene (CAS no.150-78-7) from authorative database Kemikaali, The Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE);2017 which suggest the 96 hours LC50 was observed to be 117 mg/l on Fish Pimephales promelas for substance 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene (CAS no.150-78-7) on the basis of mortality effects.

Both studies for target and read across substance indicate that the chemical is likely to be non toxic to fish with lethal concentration range 117-302.964 mg/l. Thus, based on the available information, the test substance 4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) can be considered as non toxic to aquatic environment and thus not classified in aquatic environment as per the CLP criteria.

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Five studies including predicted data from validated tools and experimental data from authorative database for short term aquatic invertebrate’s endpoint of test chemical (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) with relevant read across which is close to target using log Kow as primary descriptor were summarised as follows:

 

First data from prediction using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances, which indicate the short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrates was predicted for (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) and the Effect concentration i.e EC50 value was estimated to be 124.05 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration.

 

Similarly prediction by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program suggest the LC50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted. On the basis of EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, the LC50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was predicted to be 166.009 mg/l for (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate in 48 hrs.

 

Above both predicted results of target assist by experimental result of read across chemical Methyl 4-acetamido-2-ethoxybenzoate i.e Ethopabate (Cas no. 59 -06 -3) authorative database i.e ECOTOX database indicate Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in Daphnia magna (Water Flea) for 48 hrs with <1 d age. Test in fresh water media with static condition. During the experiment, the EC50 value for Methyl 4-acetamido-2-ethoxybenzoate i.e Ethopabate (Cas no. 59 -06 -3) was determined to be 170 mg/l on the basis of mobility. 

 

Again from ECOTOX database for another read across Titanium Dioxide (Cas no. 13463-67-7) indicate short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in Daphnia similis (Water Flea) for 48 hrs with <24 hr. (Neonate) age. Test in fresh water media with static condition and20 deg.C test temp., 7.2 to 7.8 pH, 40 to 48 mg/L CaCO3 hardness and ~ 160 uS/cm conductivity. During the experiment, the EC50 value for Titanium Dioxide (Cas no.13463-67-7) was observed to be 100 mg/l on the basis of mobility (based on the UV light effects).

 

And screening assessment by Ministers of the Environment and of Health Canada; June 2013 source for read across Carbon Black (Cas no. 1333-86-4) indicate The No effect concentration (NOEC) of substance carbon black (Cas no.1333-86-4) in test species Daphnia magna was observed to be 3200 mg/l on the basis of mobility effect.

Thus based on the all available effect and lethal concentrations which is in the range of 100 mg/l to 166.009 mg/l and No effect concentration (NOEC) 3200 mg/l for target and read across chemicals give the conclusion that test substance (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) was likely to be non toxic to aquatic invertebrates as it not exceed the classification criteria, hence it can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP regulation.

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Four studies including predicted data from validated tool and experimental data from secondary data source for toxicity to aquatic algae endpoint of test chemical (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) with relevant read across which is close to target using log Kow as primary descriptor were summarised as follows:

 

First data from prediction using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances, which indicate the short term toxicity on aquatic algae and cyanobacteria was predicted for target substance chemical (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) . The EC50 value was estimated to be 366.35 mg/l for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata for 72 h duration. 

Similarly prediction by EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, on the basis of similarity of structure to chemicals for which the aquatic toxicity has been previously measured by structure-activity relationships (SARs) program suggest the EC50 value for toxicity on green algae was predicted. On the basis of EPI suite, ECOSAR version 1.1, the EC50 value for toxicity to green algae was predicted to be 106.737 mg/l for (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate in 96 hrs.

And read across 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (Cas no. 110-71-4) suggest Acute Toxicity To Aquatic algae (Selenastrum capricornutum) was performed according to OECD Guideline 201. In experiment Stock Solutions Prepared Approximately 1.0182 g of the chemical was brought to volume in a 100 ml volumetric flask with deionized water to prepare a stock concentration of 10,200 mg/L. The following amounts of stock (1.9, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 ml) were used to make the test concentrations by mixing with 298.1, 296, 292.5, 285, and 270 ml of freshwater algal media individually.Analytical analysis performed by GC. Cell Counts Algal growth was measured by direct cell count using a 0.1mm deep hemacytometer under a compound microscope. Algal counts were conducted on day one and approximately every 24 hours thereafter. Morphological observations were also conducted on the test treatment using a compound microscope to detect abnormal cell morphology and coloration as compared to the control replicates. And EC50 values and their 95 percent confidence limits were estimated by a computer program (U.S. EPA, 1994) for calculating EC values by Probit analysis. Statistical differences were determined at a probability level of 0.05. Based on the experimental result the effect concentration (EC50) and No observed effect concentration (NOEC) of substance 1,2-Dimethoxyethane on test species Selenastrum capricornutum was observed to be >877 mg/l and 877 mg/l respectively on the basis of Growth Rate effect for 72 hrs exposure period. (Robust summary posted to the HPV Challenge Program sep. 27, 2000.)

From same data source i.e Robust summary posted to the HPV Challenge Program, 2002 for another read across chemical 1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane (Cas no. 111-96-6) According to OECD Guideline 201 the effect concentation (EC10) of substance 1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane on test species Scenedesmus subspicatus was observed to be >1000 mg/l on the basis of Growth Rate effect for 72 hrs exposure period.     

  

Thus based on the effects from all studies give the conclusion that test substance (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl formate (Cas no. 122-91-8) with effect concentrations in the range 106.737 to >1000 mg/l was likely to be non toxic to aquatic algae as it not meet the classification criteria of aquatic toxicity as per the CLP regulation.

Toxicity to microorganisms

In- vitro toxicity study, 1: 500 diluted Anisyl formate was tested on cultures of four bacteria. No inhibitory effect on growing cultures of four bacteria was observed. Therefore, IC0 was considered to be 1: 500 diluted for Anisyl formate.