Mandelic acid

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

July 12, 2016 - September 08, 2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Mandelic acid

EC Number:

202-007-6

EC Name:

Mandelic acid

Cas Number:

90-64-2

Molecular formula:

C8H8O3

IUPAC Name:

hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid

Test material form:

solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Name: Art. 806913
Synonym: DL-Mandelic acid for synthesis
Colour: White
Expiry Date: May 31, 2020
Storage Conditions: At 20 ± 5 °C in the dark

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Sampling times 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours
Duplicate Samples


The samples were allowed to thaw to room temperature. They were then shaken well and treated with ultrasound for 1 minute to obtain homogenous samples. The samples were already diluted with acetonitrile by factor 1.25 directly after sampling. The samples were centrifuged (13,000 rpm, 3 minutes) before analysis.
Fortified samples and analytical blank control samples:
The samples were shaken well and were diluted with acetonitrile by factor 1.25. The samples were centrifuged (13,000 rpm, 3 minutes) before analysis.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (KORSHIKOV), Strain No. 61.81 SAG, formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, and recently renamed as Raphidocelis subcapitata (KORSHIKOV)
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): The algae were supplied by the „Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen", 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
- Method of cultivation: The algae were cultivated in the laboratories of ibacon under standardised conditions according to the test guidelines. The algae culture used for this test was from an axenic strain transferred into liquid medium kept under aseptic condition in closed vessels with an additional carbon source to enable algae growth.

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

0.24 mmol/L

Test temperature:

22.3-22.8°C

pH:

8.2-9.2

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg test item/L
At the start of the test 103% of the nominal test concentrations were found (average of all test concentrations). After 72 hours test duration, 100% of the nominal value was determined (average of all test concentrations). During the test the algae were exposed to a mean of 102% of nominal. Therefore, all reported results refer to nominal concentrations.

Details on test conditions:

According to guideline

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Effect concentrations 2

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: Yield

Details on results:

The influence of Art. 806913 on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a static concentration-response test. The 72-hour EyC50 was calculated to be > 100 mg test item/L, and the 72-hour ErC50 value was calculated to be > 100 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOEyC was determined to be ≥ 100 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOEyC was > 100 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOErC was determined to be ≥ 100 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOErC was > 100 mg test item/L.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The influence of Art. 806913 on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a static concentration-response test. The 72-hour EyC50 was calculated to be > 100 mg test item/L, and the 72-hour ErC50 value was calculated to be > 100 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOEyC was determined to be ≥ 100 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOEyC was > 100 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOErC was determined to be ≥ 100 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOErC was > 100 mg test item/L.

Executive summary:

The influence of Art. 806913 on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a static concentration-response test. The 72-hour EyC50 was calculated to be > 100 mg test item/L, and the 72-hour ErC50 value was calculated to be > 100 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOEyC was determined to be ≥ 100 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOEyC was > 100 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOErC was determined to be ≥ 100 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOErC was > 100 mg test item/L.