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EC number: 220-977-9 | CAS number: 2956-12-9
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
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- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to soil microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Data waiving:
- exposure considerations
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because direct and indirect exposure of the soil compartment is unlikely
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Carbon disulphide (CAS number 75–15–0) is both reagents used in the manufacture of S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate. Therefore, Carbon disulphide (CAS number 75–15–0) need to be considered in the assessment of S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test compound was added to 10 g of soil in a closed flask. Ammonium-N (200 mg/kg) was also added to the soil. Incubation was carried out at 25 ºC. After 5 and 14 days incubation the soil was analysed for ammonium-N, and for nitrite + nitrate-N. The inhibition of nitrification was calculated from the data.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (inoculum):
- soil
- Total exposure duration:
- 14 d
- Remarks:
- Also sampling after 5 days.
- Test temperature:
- 25 °C
- Moisture:
- 60% of maximum water-holding capacity.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 10 mg/kg soil (nominal)
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichlomethyl)pyridine)
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.21 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Harps clay loam
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Harps clay loam
- Duration:
- 5 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.56 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 0.56 mg/kg soil dw. (0.21 x 204.35) /76.13 =0.56 mg/kg soil dw
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- Potassium amyl xanthate
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 5.6 mg/kg soil dw. (2.1 x 202.37) /76.13 =5.6mg/kg soil dw
- Details on results:
- The inhibition of nitrification by CS2 (5 mg/kg) after 7 days was 98% in Harps clay loam, 98% in Webster clay loam and 99% in Storden sandy clay loam.
Percentage inhibition of nitrification at different concentrations CS2 after 5 and 14 days in Harps soil is given in the table below. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The inhibition of nitrification in Harps soil by nitrapyrin (10 mg/kg) was 64% after 5 days and 73% after 14 days.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The summarizer calculated the EC50 vaues by Probit Analysis.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Potassium amyl xanthate readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of potassium amyl xanthate. On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 5.6 mg/kg soil dw. (2.1 x 204.35) /76.13 =5.6mg/kg soil dw
The nitrification in three soil types was inhibited by CS2. The 5-d EC50 in Harps clay loam soil was 0.21 mg/kg soil dw and the 14-d EC50 was 2.1 mg/kg soil dw. - Executive summary:
The effect of CS2 on nitrification in three soil types was investigated. Soil samples were placed in bottles and treated with ammonium sulphate (200 mg N/kg). Water was added to bring the soil moisture to 60% of maximum water-holding capacity. The bottles were sealed with screw caps fitted with a valve for injection of CS2. The test compound was added to the soil via the injection port and then the soil incubated at 25 ºC . After 5 and 14 days soil samples were analysed for ammonium-N, and for nitrite + nitrate-N. The 5-d EC50 in Harps clay loam soil was 0.21 mg/kg and the 14-d EC50 was 2.1 mg/kg soil dw. NOEC values were not given. The inhibition of nitrification by 5 mg CS2/kg after 7 days was 98% in Harps clay loam, 98% in Webster clay loam and 99% in Storden sandy clay loam.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- other: published data
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Carbon disulphide (CAS number 75–15–0) is both reagents used in the manufacture of S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate. Therefore, Carbon disulphide (CAS number 75–15–0) need to be considered in the assessment of S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Soil samples from the field were incubated with CS2 (10 mg/kg) in sealed flasks. Incubation was carried out for 24 h at 25 °C. Thereafter the CS2 was removed and further incubation carried out for 10 days.
Other soil samples were fumigated with CS2 (i.e. exposed to CS2 vapour for 24 h in a desiccator). After removal of CS2 the soil was inoculated with fresh soil and further stored for 10 days.
The following parameters were determined: oxygen consumption, CO2 evolution and N-mineralisation (no details given on analytical methods). - GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (inoculum):
- soil
- Total exposure duration:
- 1 d
- Remarks:
- One day exposure, 10 days further incubation.
- Test temperature:
- 25 °C
- Moisture:
- 55% of maximum water-holding capacity
- Details on test conditions:
- Soils were taken from Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK
Soil samples from the field were incubated with CS2 (10 mg/kg) in sealed flasks of 100 mL. Incubation was carried out for 24 h at 25 °C. Thereafter the CS2 was removed and further incubation carried out for 10 days.
Other soil samples were fumigated with CS2 (i.e. exposed to CS2 vapour for 24 h in a desiccator). After removal of CS2 the soil was inoculated with fresh soil and further stored for 10 days at 20 °C. - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 10 mg/kg or fumigation
- Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 1 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Duration:
- 1 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 26.84 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 26.84 mg/kg soil dw. (10x 204.35) /76.13 =26.84 mg/kg soil dw
- Details on results:
- On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 26.84 mg/kg soil dw. (10x 204.35) /76.13 =26.84 mg/kg soil dw
Used in high concentratiosn as a soil fumigant CS2 affected metabolism in soil; the amount of mineralised N increased 10-fold in 10 days. The oxygen consumption tripled and the evolution of CO2 more than doubled. Used at low concentrations (10 mg/kg) the nitrification was completely inhibited, with lesser effects on soil respiration. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The summarizer calculated the EC50 vaues by Probit Analysis.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 26.84 mg/kg soil dw. (10x 204.35) /76.13 =26.84 mg/kg soil dw
After fumigation of soils with CS2 the microbial metabolism of soil was seriously affected. At 10 mg CS2/kg the nitrification was completely inhibited. - Executive summary:
Soil samples from the field were incubated with CS2 (10 mg/kg) in sealed flasks. Incubation was carried out for 24 h. Thereafter the CS2 was removed and further incubation carried out for 10 days.
Other soil samples were fumigated with CS2. After removal of CS2 the soil was inoculated with fresh soil and further stored for 10 days. The following parameters were determined: oxygen consumption, CO2 evolution and N-mineralisation.
Used in high concentrations as a soil fumigant CS2 affected metabolism in soil; the amount of mineralised N increased 10-fold in 10 days. The oxygen consumption tripeled and the evolution of CO2 more than doubled. Used at low concentrations (10 mg/kg) the nitrification was completely inhibited by CS2, with lesser effects on soil respiration.
NB: The increase of oxygen consumption, evolution of CO2 and N-mineralisation after fumigation can be explained by killing of microbial biomass and subsequent mineralisation of the killed biomass by the inoculum.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the EC50 would be 26.84 mg/kg soil dw. (10x 204.35) /76.13 =26.84 mg/kg soil dw
After fumigation of soils with CS2 the microbial metabolism of soil was seriously affected. At 10 mg CS2/kg the nitrification was completely inhibited.
The nitrification in three soil types was inhibited by CS2. The 5-d EC50 in Harps clay loam soil was 0.21 mg/kg soil dw and the 14-d EC50 was 2.1 mg/kg soil dw.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 for soil microorganisms:
- 26.84 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10 or NOEC for soil microorganisms:
- 5.37 mg/kg soil dw
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