Non-graphitic carbon fibre

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2012-10-01 to 2013-02-22

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2013

Report date:

2013

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

carbon

EC Number:

701-026-1

Cas Number:

7440-44-0

Molecular formula:

C up to (C80N5H16O)n

IUPAC Name:

carbon

Test material form:

solid: fibres

Details on test material:

- milled carbonised PAN based fibre (Sigrafil C30 M150 UNS)
- for further details on the test material, see section 1.4, endpoint "Non-graphitic carbon fibre (carbonised PAN based fibre, milled)", attached document "Analytics_milled_carbonised_PAN_based_fibre.pdf"

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Preparation and application of test solution (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: water accomodated fraction (WAF according to OECD 23)
- Eluate: not appplicable
- Differential loading: no
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): not applicable
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) including control(s)): not applicable
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): yes

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: not determined
- Source: German Federal Environment Agency
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): between 4 and 24 h
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): not determined
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): not determined
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): not determined
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation: no
- Method of breeding: continous lab breeding
- Feeding during test: no
- Food type: not applicable
- Amount: not applicable
- Frequency: not applicable

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 1 h prior to being added randomly to the test vessels
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same
- Type and amount of food (stock): Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Feeding frequency (stock): daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): not reported

QUARANTINE (wild caught): not applicable

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

not reported

Test conditions

Hardness:

total hardness: 1.1 mmol/L

Test temperature:

20.2 - 20.3 °C

pH:

8.48 - 8.50

Dissolved oxygen:

8.0 - 8.1 mg/L

Conductivity:

238.1 µS/cm

Nominal and measured concentrations:

water accomodated fraction (WAF) with a nominal loading of 100 mg test item/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beaker, 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): not applicable
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): not applicable
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): not applicable
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
- Biomass loading rate: not applicable

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water
- Total organic carbon: not reported
- Particulate matter: not reported
- Metals: reported
- Pesticides: not reported
- Chlorine: not reported
- Alkalinity: 2 mmol/L
- Ca/Mg ratio: 0.8 mmol/L : 0.3 mmol/L
- Conductivity: 238.1 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: not reported

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not reported
- Photoperiod: 16:8 h
- Light intensity: 536 lux at test start and 548 lux at test end

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): mobility

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: not applicable (limit test)
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study: yes, applied nominal test item loadings: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L
- Test concentrations: 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 100 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: no immobilisation effects observed

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: LOEL

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: no immobilisation effects observed

Effect concentrations 3

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: NOEL

Effect conc.:

>= 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: no immobilisation effects observed

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: no
- Observations on body length and weight: not reported
- Other biological observations: not reported
- Mortality of control: not reported
- Other adverse effects control: not reported
- Abnormal responses: not reported
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: yes

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not reported

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The EL50 for immobilisation of Daphnia magna by the test item (milled carbonised PAN based fibre) is > 100 mg/L.

Executive summary:

At the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, the effect of the test item (milled carbonised PAN based) on the acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna was investigated. The study was conducted in accordance with to the OECD guideline 202, the EU method C.2, and the OECD guidance document No. 23. Juveniles were exposed for 48 hours to the test item and the effects compared to a control group of dilution water only. The control and treatment group consisted of four replicate beakers each containing five daphnids.

 

The test item media was prepared from a filtered stock solution with a loading of 100 mg/L according to the instructions of the OECD guidance document No. 23 on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures. The limit concentration was 100 mg/L. No chemical analysis was performed.

No immobilisation effects were observed at 24 or 48 hours. The NOEL is ≥ 100 mg/L. The EL₅₀ is > 100 mg/L.

The test fulfilled the OECD validity criteria.