1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Study was conducted to access the effect of test chemical 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test). The test substance is sparingly soluble in water. Therefore, the stock solution was prepared by dissolving 2 g of the test substance in 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) and then kept for 72 hours stirring. After the completion of 72 hours stirring, the stock solution was analytically detected and the solubility obtained from the analytical detection was then used for achieving test concentrations of 0.625 mg/L,1.25 mg/L,2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L & 10 mg/L, respectively and Zebra Fish Danio rerio were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. After 96 hours of exposure to test item 1-bromo-4-fluoro benzene to various nominal test concentrations, LC50 was determine to be > 10 mg/l and No effect were observed at 10 mg/l. Test consider to be valid as follows all parameter of OECD. Based on the LC50, it can be consider that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP classification criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water thus it does not exist for longer period of time. Thus on above criteria, chemical was consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs. The stock solution 100 g/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentration as were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water 0, 0, 3.1, 6.2, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/l nominal concentration were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 18.8 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

 

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Aim of this study was to evaluate the nature of test chemical 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene when comes in contact with the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus). Test was conducted according to the OECD guideline 201. The stock solution 10 g/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test concentration 100 mg/l was prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium. Test performed at limit dose 100 mg/l. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, the differences in means of control and sample were estimated by the t-test for independent groups at a 95 % confidence level, all individual replicates were used (STATISTICA CZ – data analysis software system, version 9.0, StatSoft, Inc.). Statistically significant differences are for p < 0.05.. Effect on the growth of algae was determine after an exposure period of 72 hrs. Based on the growth rate inhibition of algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) due to the exposure of chemical 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene for 72 hrs, only 2.8 % inhibition were observed at limit dose 100 mg/l. On that basis, it can be concluded that IC50 was > 100 mg/l. Based on the above conclusion, it was consider that substance is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic algae and cannot be classified in toxic category as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Toxicity to microorganisms:

The 48 hrs aquatic toxicity study was predicted to assess toxic effects of the test compound 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No. 460-00-4) and the result were predicted (SSS QSAR Prediction model, 2016). The study was based on the effects of the test compound on Tetrahymena pyriformis in a static fresh water system. The predicted data suggests the Inhibition growth concentration (IGC50) for the test compound was estimated to be 60.678806305 mg/l on the basis of mortality effect.

Additional information

Summarized result for the toxicity of test chemical 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No. 460-00-4) on the growth and other activity of test organisms including fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic algae and microorganisms are as follows:

 

Short term toxicity to fish:

Study was conducted to access the effect of test chemical 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test). The test substance is sparingly soluble in water. Therefore, the stock solution was prepared by dissolving 2 g of the test substance in 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) and then kept for 72 hours stirring. After the completion of 72 hours stirring, the stock solution was analytically detected and the solubility obtained from the analytical detection was then used for achieving test concentrations of 0.625 mg/L,1.25 mg/L,2.5 mg/L, 5 mg/L & 10 mg/L, respectively and Zebra Fish Danio rerio were exposed to these concentration for 96 hours. Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. After 96 hours of exposure to test item 1-bromo-4-fluoro benzene to various nominal test concentrations, LC50 was determine to be > 10 mg/l and No effect were observed at 10 mg/l. Test consider to be valid as follows all parameter of OECD. Based on the LC50, it can be consider that the chemical was toxic and can be consider to be classified as aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP classification criteria. But as the chemical was readily biodegradable in water thus it does not exist for longer period of time. Thus on above criteria, chemical was consider to be nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene to aquatic invertebrates daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs. The stock solution 100 g/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentration as were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water 0, 0, 3.1, 6.2, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/l nominal concentration were used in the study. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 18.8 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50 value, the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

 

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria:

Aim of this study was to evaluate the nature of test chemical 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene when comes in contact with the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus). Test was conducted according to the OECD guideline 201. The stock solution 10 g/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test concentration 100 mg/l was prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium. Test performed at limit dose 100 mg/l. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, the differences in means of control and sample were estimated by the t-test for independent groups at a 95 % confidence level, all individual replicates were used (STATISTICA CZ – data analysis software system, version 9.0, StatSoft, Inc.). Statistically significant differences are for p < 0.05.. Effect on the growth of algae was determine after an exposure period of 72 hrs. Based on the growth rate inhibition of algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) due to the exposure of chemical 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene for 72 hrs, only 2.8 % inhibition were observed at limit dose 100 mg/l. On that basis, it can be concluded that IC50 was > 100 mg/l. Based on the above conclusion, it was consider that substance is likely to be non-hazardous to aquatic algae and cannot be classified in toxic category as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Predicted and Experimental study of micro organism toxicity of the test chemical 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No. 460-00-4) with respective read across substances were reviewed to summarize the following information:

In key study the 48 hrs aquatic toxicity study was predicted to assess toxic effects of the test compound 1-Bromo-4-fluorobenzene (CAS No. 460-00-4) and the result were predicted (SSS QSAR Prediction model, 2016). The study was based on the effects of the test compound on Tetrahymena pyriformis in a static fresh water system. The predicted data suggests the Inhibition growth concentration (IGC50) for the test compound was estimated to be 60.678806305 mg/l on the basis of mortality effect.

Above predicted result supported by experimental study(ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ.11:410-423) for read across chemical 4-bromobenzyl alcohol (Cas no.873-75-6) which is indicate micro organism toxicity study 46 para-position alkyl- and halogen-substituted pyridines,cyanobenzenes, nitrobenzenes, phenols, benzyl alcohols, and benzaldehydes including target chemical 4-Bromobenzenemethanol (Cas no.873-75-6) was examined by measuring the population growth impairment (log BR) of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyrlformis of strain GL-C.

During experiment Individual stock solutions were prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at several concentrations, including 5, 10, 25, or 50 kg/m 3. In all cases, the volume of stock solution added to the culture medium was limited so that DMSO did not exceed a final concentration of 0.75%.

The 50% inhibitory growth concentration (IGCs0) and 95% fiducial limits were determined for each monoaromatic using probit analysis of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software in conjunction with an IBM 3081 computer. In these analyses, Y was the absorbance normalized to percent control, and X was the concentration of tested compound in g/m³.

As per the experimental result the inhibition concentration (IC50) for test substance was55.94 mg/l for 48 hrs.

Another read across 4-bromobenzonitrile (Cas no.623-00-7) indicate that the Inhibition concentration (IC50) for test substance 4-Bromobenzonitrile was reported to be 98.72 mg/l for 48 hrs.

 

Based on the overall studies including toxicity to fish, invertebrates, algae and cyanobacteria, it was concluded that the chemical was nontoxic and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.