Reaction product of Fatty acids, C18 alkyl with amines, polyethylenepoly-tetraethylenepentamine fraction

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine was found to be irritating to skin, but not corrosive, in in vitro studies using the EpiDerm™ skin model conducted according to OECD Test Guidelines (Dreher, 2012a and b). Based on read-across to an in vivo eye irritation study using Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and triethylenetetramine, the substance is considered to be highly irritating to the eyes. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

04 to 10 September 2012.

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study conducted according to relevant testing guidelines.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes

Test system:

other: in vitro skin model: EpiDerm™ SIT (EPI-200).

Source species:

human

Cell type:

other: Not applicable

Cell source:

other: Not applicable

Source strain:

other: Not applicable

Details on animal used as source of test system:

Not applicable as it is a in vitro test skin model.

Vehicle:

other: Deionised water

Details on test system:

In order to assess the potential for tissue staining by the test article, 30 μL of test article was added to 0.3 mL deionised water and incubated and the colour change was assessed after one hour.
In order to assess mesh compatibility with the test article, a nylon mesh was placed on to a glass microscope slide and 30 μL of the test article was added. After exposure for 60 minutes, at 37°C, 5% CO2, the mesh was microscopically examined for any signs of interaction.
On the day of receipt EpiDermTM tissues were placed in a refrigerator. The next day, at least one hour before starting the assay, the tissues were transferred to 6-well plates with the assay medium, which was replaced immediately before the test was started. The test was performed on a total of three tissues per test article, negative and positive control for a 35 minute application. The plates were then removed and placed into a sterile hood until the 60 minute treatment period was complete.
Following treatment, substances were removed by washing the tissues. The tissues were then placed on the appropriate medium and incubated for 42 hours.
As the test article was known to interact with MTT, the assay was also performed using freeze-killed tissues.
At the end of the 42 hour incubation period, tissue viability was assessed by MTT assay.
Once all tissues were rinsed, they were transferred to wells containing 300 μL of 1 mg/mL MTT-medium and were incubated for 3 hours (37°C, 5% CO2). After incubation, any resultant colour was extracted with 2 mL isopropanol, overnight at room temperature.
Upon completion of the extraction, each tissue was pierced using a hypodermic needle so that the extract could run through the tissue. Once drained, the tissue was discarded and the extract mixed by shaking for approximately 15 minutes. Two x 200 μL aliquots of each resultant extract were placed into a 96-well plate for spectrophotometric determination of optical density at 570 nm using extraction solution as a blank. Tissue viability was calculated for each tissue as a percentage of the mean of the negative control tissues.

Control samples:

not required

Amount/concentration applied:

In order to assess the potential for tissue staining by the test article, 30 μL of test article was added to 0.3 mL deionised water.
In order to assess mesh compatibility with the test article, a nylon mesh was placed on to a glass microscope slide and 30 μL of the test article was added

Duration of treatment / exposure:

60min

Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):

Not applicable

Number of replicates:

Triplicate: The test was performed on a total of three tissues per test article, negative and positive control.

Amount / concentration applied:

.

Irritation / corrosion parameter:

% tissue viability

Value:

7.5

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

other: Basis: mean. Time point: 1 hour exposure. Remarks: 7.5% tissue viability.

Other effects / acceptance of results:

The group mean viability for the test article was 7.5%.
The group mean viability for the negative control was 100%.
The group mean viability for the positive control was 5.1%.

One hour exposure period.

Test Substance	OD570		Mean	Corrected mean	Corrected mean minus freeze-killed tissues	% Relative survival	Mean	SD	CV
Negative Negative Negative	1.122 0.825 1.208	1.156 0.843 1.237	1.139 0.843 1.222	1.139 0.843 1.222	0.087 0.148 0.006	106.9 78.3 114.8	100	19.19	19.19
Test article Test article Test article	0.178 0.230 0.151	0.160 0.205 0.133	0.169 0.217 0.142	0.169 0.217 0.142		8.2 13.9 0.5	7.5	6.72	89.09
Test article # Test article # Test article #	0.083 0.071 0.141	0.081 0.067 0.132	0.082 0.069 0.137	0.082 0.069 0.137
Positive Positive Positive	0.058 0.056 0.048	0.059 0.055 0.048	0.058 0.055 0.048	0.058 0.055 0.048		5.5 5.2 4.5	5.1	0.50	9.85
Blank	0.000	0.000
Blank#	-0.005	-0.001

# Freeze-killed tissues.

Interpretation of results:

irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this study and based on the results received, the test article, TOFA_DimerFA_TEPA_PAA, was considered to be irritating to skin in the in vitro skin model EpiDerm™ SIT (EPI-200).

Executive summary:

The potential of TOFA_DimerFA_TEPA_PAA to cause skin irritation was determined using the in vitro EpiDerm^TM test system. The study was conducted in compliance with GLP, according to OECD Test Guideline 439 and EU Method B.46.

EpiDerm™ SIT (EPI-200) inserts were treated with test article, negative control (phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) and positive control (5% w/v sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) for 60 minutes. At the end of the treatment period, the tissues were washed with PBS and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The skin irritation potential was assessed according to the remaining cell viability obtained after test article treatment. The group mean viability for the test article was 7.5%, for the negative control was 100% and for the positive control was 5.1%.

Under the conditions of this study, the test article, TOFA_DimerFA_TEPA_PAA, was considered to be irritating to skin in the in vitro skin model EpiDerm™ SIT (EPI-200).

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

21 January to 12 February 2013

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study conducted according to relevant test guidelines, with no deviations.

Justification for type of information:

Mammalian toxicity
The polyamide substances: TOFA DimerFA TETA PAA, MonoFA DimerFA TETA TEPA PAA, Oleic DimerFA TETA PAA, TOFA DimerFA TEPA PAA and DimerFA PEPA PAA are considered to be toxicologically comparable based on structural and chemical considerations and existing data. The existing dataset demonstrates comparably low acute toxicity for these substances. The primary hazards associated with these substances are local skin and eye irritation and skin sensitisation. Therefore read-across to data on TOFA DimerFA TETA PAA is appropriate in order to meet the remaining REACH Annex VII-IX data requirements for endpoints for which studies are not available. Read-across is scientifically justified and also enables the REACH requirements to be adequately addressed, while avoiding unnecessary animal testing in accordance with EU Directive 86/609/EEC.
Ecotoxicity
The existing ecotoxicology dataset demonstrates generally comparable toxicity for these substances. Therefore read-across to data on TOFA DimerFA TETA PAA and Oleic DimerFA TETA PAA is appropriate in order to meet the remaining REACH Annex VII-IX data requirements for endpoints for which studies are not available for all five polyamidoamines (e.g. fish and Daphnia acute tests). Read-across is scientifically justified and also enables the REACH requirements to be adequately addressed, while avoiding unnecessary animal testing in accordance with EU Directive 86/609/EEC. A classification of: toxic to aquatic organisms – chronic category 2 is derived for all five polyamidoamines.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

The test animal was one male New Zealand White rabbit, obtained from Harlan UK Ltd., Bicester (HsdIf: NZW strain). The rabbit weighed 3.4 kg on Day -1, and was approximately 20 weeks old at administration. The animal was held in stock under laboratory conditions until the day before administration. A clinical examination and eye examination was performed prior to the study to ensure the animal was suitable for the test procedures. The rabbit was individually housed. Global Diet 2930C (Harlan Teklad, Bicester, UK) was provided ad libitum. Mains water was provided ad libitum via water bottles. Temperature was maintained at 15 to 21°C, humidity at 45%, and light was provided on a 12 hour cycle. There were 15 to 20 air changes per hour.

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Amount / concentration applied:

0.1 mL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Not applicable

Observation period (in vivo):

21 days

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

1

Details on study design:

Both eyes of the rabbit were examined for indications of corneal, iridial or conjunctival damage or irritation on Day-1. After initial visual examination, one drop of 1% aqueous fluorescein solution was instilled into both lower conjunctival sacs, allowed to disperse for thirty seconds and removed from the eyes by irrigation with approximately 10 mL water for irrigation jetted gently from a syringe. The corneal surface was illuminated with an ultraviolet source and inspected for areas of absorption of the fluorescing dye that would indicate epithelial damage. Only rabbits with eyes free from damage or irritation were accepted onto study. One rabbit was dosed initially. The lower eyelid of the left eye was gently pulled aware from the eyeball, and of 0.1 mL test material was instilled into the conjunctival sac. After instillation the eyelids were held closed for a few seconds to prevent loss of the test material. The right eye remained untreated to serve as a control. The eyes were not washed for 24 hours after dosing. Serious ocular changes were observed in the first rabbit, therefore no further rabbits were dosed.
The rabbit was observed twice daily for general health and mortality. The rabbit was weighed on the day before administration, and following the last observation. Ocular reactions were recorded 30 minutes, 1 hour and 4 hours after treatment, and once on Day 2, 3 and 4 (at approximately 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment). Additional observations were performed twice daily up to Day 22 as necessary. Reactions were scored according to the Draize system. Fluorescein solution was used to assess corneal damage at the 24 hour observation. Body weight was recorded the day before dosing and following the last observation. The animal was sacrificed at the end of the observation period, necropsy was not performed.

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

1

Reversibility:

not reversible

Remarks:

within 21 days

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Remarks:

opacity

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2

Max. score:

2

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 21 days

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Remarks:

redness

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2.67

Max. score:

2.67

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 21 days

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal #1

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

3.33

Max. score:

3.33

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 21 days

Irritant / corrosive response data:

Easily discernible translucent areas of corneal opacity were noted in the treated eye from 24 hours after instillation until Day 6. Scattered or diffuse areas of corneal opacity were noted from Day 7 to the end of the observation period. Iridial inflammation was noted from 30 minutes after instillation and persisted until the end of the observation period. Moderate conjunctival irritation was noted 30 minutes and 1 hour after instillation, with severe conjunctival irritation noted from 4 hours after instillation to Day 6. Moderate conjunctival irritation was noted on Day 7 and persisted until the end of the observation period.

Other effects:

No observations indicative of systemic toxicity or ill health were noted for any rabbits during the course of the study. On Day 7 a veterinary examination was carried out using a slip lamp on the left eye of the animal. The following findings were noted: iritis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, panus starting at edge of cornea and corneal oedema in ventral area, some fluorescein stain uptake dorsally (small spots) and more generally over area (ventrally) affected by oedema. There were no deep ulcerative lesions.

Table 1. Individual ocular response in one rabbit following administration of TOFA_DimerFA_TETA_PAA

Time after treatment	Individual ocular response – male rabbit
	Cornea		Iris	Conjunctivae
	Opacity	Area		Redness	Chemosis	Discharge
30 mins	0	0	1	2	3	2
1 hr	0	0	1	2	3	2
4 hrs	0	0	1	2	3	3
24 hrs*	2	4	1	2	3	3
48 hrs*	2	3	1	3	4	3
72 hrs*	2	2	1	3	3	3
Day 5*	2	2	1	3	2	3
Day 6*	2	2	1	3	2	3
Day 7*	1	2	1	2	1	3
Day 8*	1	2	1	2	1	2
Day 9*	1	1	1	2	1	2
Day 10*	1	1	1	2	2	3
Day 11*	1	1	1	2	2	3
Day 12*	1	1	1	1	1	3
Day 13*	1	1	1	1	1	3
Day 14*	1	1	1	1	1	3
Day 15*	1	1	1	1	1	3
Day 16*	1	1	1	1	1	3
Day 17*	1	1	1	1	1	3
Day 18*	1	1	1	1	1	3
Day 19*	1	1	1	1	1	2
Day 20*	1	1	1	1	1	2
Day 21*	1	1	1	1	1	2
Day 22*	1	1	1	1	1	2

* = fluorescein applied to cornea

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye)

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Effects on the cornea, iris and conjunctiva did not reverse within the 21 - day observation period therefore the test material was considered to be corrosive.

Executive summary:

The eye irritant potential of TOFA_DimerFA_TETA_PAA was evaluated in a single, male New Zealand White rabbit according to OECD 405. The undiluted test material (0.1 mL) was instilled into the left conjunctival sac of the rabbit on Day 1, the right eye remained untreated to serve as the control. Ocular reactions were assessed according to the Draize scoring system for 21 days after administration. Instillation of the test material produced easily discernible translucent areas of corneal opacity, iridial inflammation and severe conjunctival irritation. The effects on the cornea, iris and conjunctiva did not reverse within the 21 - day observation period therefore the test material was considered to be corrosive.

Based on the results of this study, the test material is classified as causing irreversible effects on the eye (Category 1) according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

The skin corrosion potential of Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine was investigated in an in vitro EpiDerm™ study, conducted in accordance with GLP, OECD Test Guideline 431 and EU Method B.40 (Dreher, 2012a). Duplicate EpiDerm^TMinserts were treated with the test article, distilled water (negative control) and 8N potassium hydroxide (positive control) for 3 minutes and 1 hour. At the end of the treatment period, the tissues were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and cell viability was assessed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The skin corrosivity potential was assessed based on the remaining cell viability obtained after test material treatment at the two treatment times. Skin viability after three minutes or one hour of exposure to the test article was 66% and 48%, respectively. Skin viability after a three minutes or one hour exposure to the positive control article was 22% and 12%, respectively, demonstrating appropriate performance of the assay. The test article was not corrosive to skin in thein vitroskin model: EpiDerm^TM.

The skin irritation potential of Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine was investigated in an in vitro EpiDerm™ study, conducted in accordance with GLP, OECD Test Guideline 439 and EU Method B.46 (Dreher, 2012b). EpiDerm™ SIT (EPI-200) inserts were treated with test article, negative control (phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) and positive control (5% w/v sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) for 60 minutes. At the end of the treatment period, the tissues were washed with PBS and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The skin irritation potential was assessed according to the remaining cell viability obtained after test article treatment. The group mean viabilities were: 7.5% for the test article, 100% for the negative control and 5.1% for the positive control. Under the conditions of this study, the test article was considered to be irritating to skin when tested in the in vitro skin model: EpiDerm^TMSIT (EPI-200).

Eye irritation

The potential for Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine to cause corrosion or severe irritation to the eyes was evaluated in excised bovine corneas using the bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay, according to OECD Test Guideline 437 and GLP (Dreher, 2013b). A volume of 750 µL test material was applied to three separate corneas, followed by a 10 minute incubation period at 32°C ± 1°C. Following incubation each cornea was washed with media containing phenol red, followed by media without phenol red. The opacities were then measured and the anterior chamber was emptied. To evaluate permeability, sodium fluorescein solution was then added into the anterior chamber and the corneas were incubated in the vertical position for 1.5 hours ± 5 minutes. Following incubation the media in the posterior chamber was removed and three 350 µL aliquots of the media (per cornea) were analysed for optical density at 490 nm (OD₄₉₀). The opacity and permeability measurements were used to calculate an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS). The calculated IVIS for the test material was 31.37. As this was below the trigger value of 55.1, the test material was not considered to be corrosive or severely irritating to the eyes in vitro.

To further characterise the eye irritation potential of the substance, read-across to an in vivo eye irritation study using the polyamidoamine substance: Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and triethylenetetramine is considered appropriate based on structural and chemical considerations. Read-across is scientifically justified and also enables the REACH requirements to be adequately addressed, while avoiding unnecessary animal testing in accordance with EU Directive 86/609/EEC. The potential for Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and triethylenetetramine to cause eye irritation in vivo was investigated in an eye irritation study in the rabbit conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 405 and GLP (Dreher, 2013c). In the study, undiluted test article (0.1 mL) was instilled into one conjunctival sac of a New Zealand White rabbit on Day 1. Occular reactions were assessed for 21 days after treatment. Instillation of the test article produced easily discernible translucent areas of corneal opacity, iridial inflammation and severe conjuctival irritation. The effects on the cornea, iris and conjunctiva did not reverse within the 21 day observation period. The substance was therefore found to be corrosive to the eye in rabbits. On this basis, Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine is considered to be an eye irritant.

Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
Sole study; guideline and GLP compliant. Under the conditions of this study, the test article was irritating to skin.

Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
Based on existing datasets and structural and chemical considerations, read-across from Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine to an in vivo eye irritation study using Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and triethylenetetramine is appropriate to meet the REACH Annex VII-IX data requirements. Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and triethylenetetramine was found to cause irreversible effects on the eye in an eye irritation study in the rabbit conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 405.

Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: irritating

Effects on eye irritation: highly irritating

Justification for classification or non-classification

Skin irritation/corrosion

Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine was identified as a skin irritant in the in vitro skin model; EpiDerm™ SIT (EPI-200). On this basis, the substance meets the criteria for classification as Category 2, H315 “Causes skin irritation” according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, and as Xi, R38 “Irritating to skin” according to Directive 67/548/EEC.

Eye irritation

Based on read-across to an in vivo eye irritation study (OECD Test Guideline 405) conducted using Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and triethylenetetramine, the substance: Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., dimers, oligomeric reaction products with tall-oil fatty acids and tetraethylenepentamine is considered to be irritating to the eyes. On this basis, it is considered appropriate to classify the substance as Category 1, H318 “Causes serious eye damage” according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and Xi, R41 “Risk of serious damage to eyes” according to Directive 67/548/EEC.