14H-anthra[2,1,9-mna]thioxanthen-14-one

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2014-05-31 to 2015-07-10

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: well performed OECD study with GLP

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2015

Report date:

2015

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

14H-anthra[2,1,9-mna]thioxanthen-14-one

EC Number:

240-385-4

EC Name:

14H-anthra[2,1,9-mna]thioxanthen-14-one

Cas Number:

16294-75-0

Molecular formula:

C23H12OS

IUPAC Name:

8-thiahexacyclo[10.10.2.0²,⁷.0⁹,²³.0¹³,¹⁸.0²⁰,²⁴]tetracosa-1(23),2,4,6,9,11,13,15,17,20(24),21-undecaen-19-one

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Preparation of the saturated solution:
The saturated solution (1.00 mg/L test item was weighed out) was prepared with demineralized water two days prior to the start of the exposure (0 h).

Treatment:
The test item was dispersed in the demineralized water by stirring with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 h at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the test item dispersion was filtered with a membrane filter (0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL) to achieve the saturated solution. After the membrane filtration the components of the dilution water were added to the saturated solution.

Test concentration:
The saturated solution was tested in a limit test.

Control:
Six replicates (without test item) were tested under the same test conditions as the test replicates.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Desmodesmus subspicatus Chodat
- Strain: SAG 86.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universitaet Goettingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 days
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 35 - 70 µE x m-2 x s-1 for 24 h per day.

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Post exposure observation period:

No

Test conditions

Hardness:

Dilution water: 0.24 mmol Ca+mg/L.

Test temperature:

min.: 22.0 max.: 23.0, mean value: 22.5

pH:

Nominal concentration pH-value
[mg/L] Start; 0 hours End; 72 hours
1.00 7.85 8.53
Control 8.04 8.60

Dissolved oxygen:

Not measured

Salinity:

Not measured, freshwater conditions

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, test volume 100 mL
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at appr. 70 rpm
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 2 - 5 x 103 cells/mL, Actual: mean 4847 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Mean 1025784 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6



GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes



TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water, composition acc. to the guideline
- Hardness: 0.24 mmol Ca+Mg/L
- pH-value: 8.1 +/- 0.2
- Culture medium: Nutrient Medium Z acc. to LÜTTGE et al. (1994)


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: 60 - 120 µE x m-2 x s-1, mean value: 70.6



EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter] fluorimeter, Cell density and self fluorescence was measured daily via Chlorophyll-a- fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as background signal.



TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study:No

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Details on results:

- Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes
EC50 Values of the Reference Item
based on nominal concentrations mg/L, (0-72 hours)
Current Study Valid Range (average ± 3 x SD)
Growth Rate Inhibition
ErC50 0.546 0.671 ± 0.413
95 % confidence interval 0.496 - 0.606
Yield Inhibition
EyC50 0.281 0.317 ± 0.139
95 % confidence interval 0.220 - 0.347

Reported statistics and error estimates:

NOEC/LOEC were determined by calculation of statistical significance of growth rate and yield. As standard One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and DUNNETT’s test were used for NOEC/LOEC calculations. When running a One Way Analysis of Variance a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. The SHAPIRO-WILK-Test was used to test for normally distributed populations. The Levene median test was used for equal variance. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance tests are 0.05. The -value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is =0.05.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Cell Densities

 

Nominal test item concentration	Replicate	Cell density [cells/mL]
[mg/L]	No.	0 hours	24 hours	48 hours	72 hours
1.00	1	4847	38823	131940	752908
	2	4847	33301	161429	852534
	3	4847	31670	141821	834591
	4	4847	27875	127438	735591
	5	4847	37082	150999	695712
	6	4847	37019	163054	982081
	Mean	4847	34295	146114	808903
Control	1	4847	43307	231681	920939
	2	4847	38703	205377	1093492
	3	4847	37448	217788	933398
	4	4847	41479	220704	1158097
	5	4847	41161	209553	961973
	6	4847	39607	201288	1086805
	Mean	4847	40284	214399	1025784

Evaluation after 72 hours

                  Statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to

                  control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).

 

 

Nominal test item concentration	Replicate	Growth rate		Rate-related inhibition	Yield		Inhibition of yield
[mg/L]	No.	[d^-1]		[%]	[cells/mL]		[%]
1.00	1		1.68	6		748061	27
	2		1.72	3		847687	17
	3		1.72	4		829744	19
	4		1.67	6		730744	28
	5		1.66	7		690865	32
	6		1.77	1		977234	4
	Mean	(+)*	1.70	4	(+)	804056	21
Control	1		1.75			916092
	2		1.81			1088645
	3		1.75			928551
	4		1.83			1153250
	5		1.76			957126
	6		1.80			1081958
	Mean		1.78			1020937

                                                 *) inhibition effects < 10 %

  

Section-by-Section and Average Specific Growth Ratesof the Control Group (0 – 72 hours)

 

	Replicate No.	Specific growth rate [d^-1]			Mean (0 - 72 h)	SD ±	CV [%]	Mean CV [%]
		section-by-section
		0 - 24 hours	24 - 48 hours	48 - 72 hours
Control	1	2.19	1.68	1.38	1.75	0.410	23.4	16.9
	2	2.08	1.67	1.67	1.81	0.235	13.0
	3	2.04	1.76	1.46	1.75	0.295	16.8
	4	2.15	1.67	1.66	1.83	0.278	15.3
	5	2.14	1.63	1.52	1.76	0.329	18.7
	6	2.10	1.63	1.69	1.80	0.258	14.3
				Mean	1.78
				SD ±	0.03
				CV [%]	1.81

CV= Coefficient of variation

SD= Standard deviation

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In this study, the NOEC-values of the test item for inhibition of growth rate and inhibition of yield after 72 hours were 1.00 mg/L and < 1.00 mg/L, respectively. The EC50-values of the test item for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were both > 1.00 mg/L, respectively.
All effect levels are given based on the nominal concentration of Hostasol Red GG.

Executive summary:

The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatuswas determined according to the principles of OECD 201 (2011) . The aim of the study was to assess the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.

The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 4847 cells/mL. A saturated solution with a nominal concentration of 1 mg/L was tested. Six replicates were tested for the limit concentration and the control. Environmental conditions were determined to be within the acceptable limits.

No analytical determination was carried out since no suitable method for the determination of the test item could be established. All effect values of the test item are given based on the nominal concentration.

 

 

                  based on nominal test item concentrations [mg/L]

                               

	Growth Rate Inhibition Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]
NOEC	1.00
LOEC	> 1.00
ErC10	> 1.00
ErC20	> 1.00
ErC50	> 1.00
	Inhibition of Yield Nominal test item concentration [mg/L]
NOEC	< 1.00
LOEC	1.00
EyC10	< 1.00
EyC20	< 1.00
EyC50	> 1.00