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Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

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Description of key information

The chronic toxicity of Biofert Plusz to two terrestrial plant species was determined over a period of at 61 days (oats) and 43 days (turnip) according to DIN ISO 22030:2005. Up to the tested concentration of 3200 mg/kg dw the test item caused no chronic effects (61 (43) d NOEC>=3200 mg/kg soil dw). The phytotoxicity of Biofert Plusz towards terrestrial plants (A. sativa, Glycine max, Sinapis alba) at pH 5.4, 4.6, and 4.5 was investigated in a study conducted according to OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test). At pH 5.4, the 21 d NOEC values (shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and emerged seedlings) for A. sativa, Glycine max, and Sinapis alba were all found to be 2725 mg test material/kg soil dw (1000 mg dry matter/kg soil dw). At pH 4.6 and 4.5, Sinapis alba proved to be the most sensitive organism. The lowest 21 d NOEC was found to be 3200 mg test material/kg soil dw corresponding to 810 -860 mg dry matter/kg soil dw based on shoot height. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
3 200 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

Long-term toxicity

The chronic toxicity of the test item Biofert Plusz to two terrestrial plant species was determined over a period of 61 days (oats) and 43 days (turnip) according to DIN ISO 22030:2005. Test item related effects were observed for both plant species at the test concentrations > 8000 mg/kg dw. No emergence was observed for oats at the concentration 20000 mg/kg dw. At the concentration 8000 mg/kg dw the test item caused broad effects on the development of the shoots, resulting in decreased biomass growth and complete inhibition of blossom development. No emergence was observed for turnip at the concentrations 8000 and 20000 mg/kg dw, therefore no evaluation of chronic effects at these concentrations was possible. The concentration of 8000 mg/kg dry weight is much higher than the maximum recommended application rate (1 g liquid product /kg soil corresponding to 0.3 g dry frozen product/kg soil) and acute effects on plants were foreseeable. Although fertilizers have to be applied in high dosages to supply sufficient nutrition for the arable plants, organic and inorganic compounds concentrations of only one or two order of magnitudes higher than the maximum application rate already result in harmful effects on plants and other soil organisms due to osmotic damage. Other guidelines like the acute plant toxicity guideline OECD TG 208 (Seedling emergence and Seedling Growth Test) recommend to test up to a maximum concentration of 1000 mg test substance / kg dry soil for general chemicals and to test crop protection products up to the maximum recommended application rate.

Up to the tested concentration of 3200 mg/kg dw the test item caused no chronic effects on the development and biomass of the husks.

Short-term toxicity

Toxicity of Biofert Plusz towards terrestrial plants at pH 4.5

The phytotoxicity of Biofert Plusz towards terrestrial plants (A. sativa, Glycine max, Sinapis alba) was investigated in a study conducted according to OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test). The seedlings were exposed to 5 test material concentrations (26.9 -2688 mg/kg soil dw) for 21 d at pH 4.5. Shoot height, shoot fresh weight, seedling emergence, and visual phytotoxicity were determined. The 21 d NOEC value for A. sativa in respect to shoot height was determined to be 2688 mg test material/kg soil dw (1000 mg dry matter/kg soil dw) whereas the corresponding value for Sinapis alba was 320 mg test material/kg soil dw (860 mg dry matter/kg soil dw). For Glycine max a 21 d NOEC (shoot height) could not be determined as no concentration effect relationship occurred. The 21 d NOEC values in respect to shoot fresh weight and emerged seedlings were found to be 2688 mg test material/kg soil dw (1000 mg dry matter/kg soil dw) for Avena sativa, Glycine max, and Sinapis alba.Visual phytotoxic effects determined after 7, 14, and 21 d were observed only in a few cases. Lacking of cotyledons (soybean n=1 after 7 d, n=1 after 14 d,and n=1 after 21 d), necrosis (oat n=1 after 14 d; slight effects), dead plants (white mustard n=1 after 14 d, n=1 after 21 d; oat: n=3 after 21 d in two replicates), and stunted growth (white mustard n=1 after 21 d).

Toxicity of Biofert Plusz towards terrestrial plants at pH 4.6

The phytotoxicity of Biofert Plusz towards terrestrial plants (A. sativa, Glycine max, Sinapis alba) was investigated in a study conducted according to OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test). The seedlings were exposed to 5 test material concentrations (253 -2532 mg/kg soil dw) for 21 d at pH 4.6. Shoot height, shoot fresh weight, seedling emergence, and visual phytotoxicity were determined. The 21 d NOEC value for A. sativa in respect to shoot height was determined to be 2532 mg test material/kg soil dw (1000 mg dry matter/kg soil dw) whereas the corresponding value for Sinapis alba was 320 mg test material/kg soil dw (810 mg dry matter/kg soil dw). For Glycine max a 21 d NOEC (shoot height) could not be determined as no concentration effect relationship occurred. The 21 d NOEC values in respect to shoot fresh weight and emerged seedlings were found to be 2532 mg test material/kg soil dw (1000 mg dry matter/kg soil dw) for Avena sativa and Glycine max; for Sinapis alba the 21 d NOEC (shoot fresh weight) was found to be 1468 mg test material/kg soil dw (580 mg dry matter/kg soil dw) and the 21 NOEC in respect to emerged seedlings 2532 mg test material/kg soil dw (1000 mg dry matter/kg soil dw).Visual phytotoxic effects were determined after 7, 14, and 21 d.Only in a few cases phytotoxic effects (stunted growth and dead plants) were observed using oat as test material. Phytotoxic effects like lacking of cotyledons and dead plants were determined during the testing of soybean. Based on the visual observations, white mustard exposed to Biofert Plusz (pH 4.6) showed the highest sensitivity for phytotoxic effects (stunted growth, dead plants).

Toxicity of Biofert Plusz towards terrestrial plants at pH 5.4

The phytotoxicity of Biofert Plusz towards terrestrial plants (A. sativa, Glycine max, Sinapis alba) was investigated in a study conducted according to OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test). The seedlings were exposed to 5 test material concentrations (27.2 -2725 mg/kg soil dw) for 21 d at pH 5.4. Shoot height, shoot fresh weight, seedling emergence, and visual phytotoxicity were determined. The 21 d NOEC values (shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and emerged seedlings) for A. sativa, Glycine max, and Sinapis alba were all found to be 2725 mg test material/kg soil dw (1000 mg dry matter/kg soil dw). Visual phytotoxic effects were determined after 7, 14, and 21 d. Phytotoxic effects were observed only once: at a test concentration of 100 mg dry matter/kg soil dw one dead plant (oat) was detected after 21 d.