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EC number: 231-165-9 | CAS number: 7440-57-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 31 March 2008 to 25 April 2008
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP compliant, guideline study, available as an unpublished report. Test substance is 84.8 % gold.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
- Report date:
- 2008
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Also in accordance with:
ISO 10993-1:2003
ISO 10993-3:2003
ISO 10993-12:2007 - GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Gold
- EC Number:
- 231-165-9
- EC Name:
- Gold
- Cas Number:
- 7440-57-5
- Molecular formula:
- Au
- IUPAC Name:
- gold(1+)
- Details on test material:
- Name (as cited in test report): Esteticor®Royal H, dental alloy for metal-ceramic restorations, ISO 22674 and ISO 9693
Batch No: 0000124845
White solid
Composition: 84.8% Au; 8.9% Pt; 2.0% In; 0.2% Fe; 0.2% Ir
Melting Range: 1100-1275°C
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine gene
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 100, TA 1535, TA 102, TA 98, TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 % concentrations of the test item extract. The 100 % extracts correspond to a surface/volume-ratio of 3 cm2/mL 0.9 % NaCl.
- Vehicle / solvent:
- distilled water; DMSO
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- untreated
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- vehicle alone
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Sodium azide, 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamene, Methyl methane sulfonate, 2-aminoanthracene.
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Pre-incubation temperature: 37°C
Period: 60 mins
Incubation temperature: 37°C
Period: 48 hr in the dark - Evaluation criteria:
- The mutation factor is calculated by dividing the mean value of the revertant counts through the mean values of the extract vehicle control. A test item is considered mutagenic, if a clear and dose related increase in the number of revertants occurs, and/or a biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups occurs.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 100, TA 1535, TA 102, TA 98, TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- No toxic effect of the test item extract noted
No biologically relevant increases in revertant colony number of any of five tester strains observed - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. TA 98
Treatment | Dose/plate | Revertant colonies per plate | Mutation Factor | ||||||
Without activation (-S9) | With activation (+S9) | ||||||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | (-S9) | (+S9) | ||||
A. Dest. | 25 | 1.7 | 34 | 5 | 1 | 1 | |||
0.9%NaCl | 25 | 5 | 33 | 15.7 | 1 | 1 | |||
Test Item | 10% | 32 | 5.1 | 35 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | ||
Test Item | 20% | 27 | 5.9 | 37 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | ||
Test Item | 40% | 30 | 6.7 | 38 | 10.8 | 1.2 | 1.1 | ||
Test Item | 60% | 30 | 2.1 | 32 | 5 | 1.2 | 1 | ||
Test Item | 80% | 35 | 3.1 | 43 | 8.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | ||
Test Item | 100% | 28 | 4.6 | 34 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 1 | ||
4-NOPD | 10 µg | 482 | 41.8 | / | / | 19 | / | ||
2-AA | 2.5µg | / | / | 2282 | 129.1 | / | 68.5 |
Table 2. T100
Treatment | Dose/plate | Revertant colonies per plate | Mutation Factor | ||||||
Without activation (-S9) | With activation (+S9) | ||||||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | (-S9) | (+S9) | ||||
A. Dest. | 131 | 7.2 | 116 | 12.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |||
0.9%NaCl | 150 | 8.7 | 132 | 9.6 | 1 | 1 | |||
Test Item | 10% | 123 | 8.7 | 98 | 18 | 0.8 | 0.7 | ||
Test Item | 20% | 143 | 4 | 111 | 8.2 | 1 | 0.8 | ||
Test Item | 40% | 146 | 9 | 116 | 18.5 | 1 | 0.9 | ||
Test Item | 60% | 143 | 8.3 | 122 | 4.5 | 1 | 0.9 | ||
Test Item | 80% | 139 | 2.5 | 109 | 7.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||
Test Item | 100% | 135 | 10.4 | 110 | 9.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | ||
NaN3 | 10 µg | 1032 | 35.7 | / | / | 6.9 | / | ||
2-AA | 2.5µg | / | / | 1649 | 160.5 | / | 12.5 |
Table 3. TA 1535
Treatment | Dose/plate | Revertant colonies per plate | Mutation Factor | ||||||
Without activation (-S9) | With activation (+S9) | ||||||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | (-S9) | (+S9) | ||||
A. Dest. | 16 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | |||
0.9%NaCl | 25 | 5 | 14 | 3.6 | 1 | 1 | |||
Test Item | 10% | 14 | 4.9 | 15 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 | ||
Test Item | 20% | 17 | 1.2 | 18 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 1.3 | ||
Test Item | 40% | 17 | 5.7 | 12 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.9 | ||
Test Item | 60% | 17 | 3.6 | 11 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | ||
Test Item | 80% | 19 | 5.9 | 14 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1 | ||
Test Item | 100% | 18 | 3.5 | 12 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | ||
NaN3 | 10 µg | 1190 | 97.9 | / | / | 47.6 | / | ||
2-AA | 2.5µg | / | / | 159 | 15.2 | / | 11.4 |
Table 4. TA 1537
Treatment | Dose/plate | Revertant colonies per plate | Mutation Factor | ||||||
Without activation (-S9) | With activation (+S9) | ||||||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | (-S9) | (+S9) | ||||
A. Dest. | 18 | 3.8 | 17 | 3.1 | 1 | 1.1 | |||
0.9%NaCl | 18 | 3.2 | 16 | 5.5 | 1 | 1 | |||
Test Item | 10% | 19 | 2.1 | 20 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | ||
Test Item | 20% | 20 | 4.4 | 22 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | ||
Test Item | 40% | 17 | 2.9 | 17 | 1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | ||
Test Item | 60% | 15 | 4.2 | 16 | 4.7 | 0.8 | 1 | ||
Test Item | 80% | 23 | 4.2 | 19 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | ||
Test Item | 100% | 23 | 3 | 21 | 4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||
4-NOPD | 40 µg | 140 | 15.5 | / | / | 7.9 | / | ||
2-AA | 2.5µg | / | / | 223 | 13.5 | / | 14.2 |
Table 5. TA 102
Treatment | Dose/plate | Revertant colonies per plate | Mutation Factor | ||||||
Without activation (-S9) | With activation (+S9) | ||||||||
mean | SD | mean | SD | (-S9) | (+S9) | ||||
A. Dest. | 177 | 27.7 | 267 | 7.8 | 0.9 | 1 | |||
0.9%NaCl | 188 | 19 | 273 | 16.1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Test Item | 10% | 149 | 24 | 224 | 27.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||
Test Item | 20% | 172 | 4 | 243 | 11.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ||
Test Item | 40% | 177 | 13.5 | 263 | 15.6 | 0.9 | 1 | ||
Test Item | 60% | 204 | 13.5 | 258 | 6.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | ||
Test Item | 80% | 190 | 10.8 | 269 | 19.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
Test Item | 100% | 204 | 10.2 | 263 | 22.5 | 1.1 | 1 | ||
MMS | 1 µg | 1769 | 83.7 | / | / | 9.4 | / | ||
2-AA | 10µg | / | / | 1270 | 214.8 | / | 4.7 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
During the described mutagenicity test, the test item extract did not cause gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the tester strains used. Therefore the test substance is considered to be non-mutagenic in this bacterial reverse mutation assay. - Executive summary:
In a GLP Compliant, Guideline test following standard guidelines (OECD 471 and others), the test substance was found to be non-mutagenic to S. typhimurium TA98, TA 100, TA1535, TA 1573 and TA 102 at concentrations up to 100% using a preincubation method. Tests with and without metabolic activation were conducted.
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