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Diss Factsheets

Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
13 Jan - 11 Feb 2014
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2014
Report date:
2014

Materials and methods

Test guidelineopen allclose all
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Temperature range was 19.3 - 21.0 °C instead of 20 - 24 °C
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Temperature range was 19.3 - 21.0 °C instead of 20 - 24 °C
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht, Mainz, Germany

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
N-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide
EC Number:
807-621-3
Cas Number:
1428450-95-6
Molecular formula:
C13H14N2O3S
IUPAC Name:
N-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide
Test material form:
solid: particulate/powder

Study design

Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Activation basin of the ESN (Stadtentsorgung Neustadt) sewage treatment plant, treating mostly domestc sewage (Neustadt Lachen-Speyerdorf, Germany). Date of collection: 10 Jan 2014 (batch: 20140110)
- Laboratory culture: no
- Storage conditions: The activated sludge was aerated until use.
- Pretreatment: The sludge was filtered through a cotton cloth, washed with tap water twice, then washed with and re-suspended in test medium. Aerated for ≥ 12 h.
- Suspended solids: 4260 mg suspended solids/L
- Inoculum concentration: 25 mg/L
Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
Initial conc.:
35.6 mg/L
Based on:
test mat.
Initial conc.:
20 mg/L
Based on:
other: TOC
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
CO2 evolution
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: according to guideline
- Test temperature: 19.3 - 21.0 °C
- pH: 7.4 (end of the test)
- Aeration of dilution water: The test vessels were aerated with purified (by activated charcoal), CO2-scrubbed, moistened air. The scrubbing of carbon dioxide was achieved by bubbling the purified air through a flask containing 1.5 M NaOH. To control the absence of CO2, the air was then led through a flask containing a solution of Ba(OH)2 before reaching the test vessels.

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2000 mL flasks
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: The test vessels were filled with 1500 mL medium and 8.8 mL inoculum. Then all flasks were aerated for 72 h with purified, CO2-free, moistened air to purge the system of CO2.
- Measuring equipment: Analyses of the emitted CO2 were made by IC measurement using the carbon analyser TOC multi N/C 2100S, Analytik Jena. Each sample was measured at least in duplicate. The carbon analyser was calibrated with freshly prepared reference solutions containing potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium carbonate once a week. After every start, quality control samples were measured.
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: The emitted CO2 was trapped in 0.25 M NaOH. Two scrubbers containing 100 mL each were connected in series to the test vessels. The initial IC value of the 0.25 m-NaOH was separately determined in each flask.
- Other: Magnetic stirrers were used to prevent deposition of inoculum.

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18, 23 and 29
- Sampling method: From each front scrubber flask, ten samples were taken in order to determine the emitted CO2. The sample volume was 1 mL. The resulting change in the volume of the front flask was considered in the calculation of emitted CO2. On day 28, 5 mL 2 M HCl were added to each test flask in order to drive off dissolved CO2. On day 29, samples from both scrubber flasks were taken.

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes, 2 replicates
- Abiotic sterile control: yes, 1 replicate
- Toxicity control: yes, 1 replicate
- Other: Control, 2 replicates; Positive control, 2 replicates
Reference substance
Reference substance:
aniline
Remarks:
concentration: 25.3 mg/L

Results and discussion

% Degradation
Key result
Parameter:
% degradation (CO2 evolution)
Value:
33.6
Sampling time:
29 d
Remarks on result:
other: Mean of two replicates
Details on results:
33.6% of the test substance were degraded after 29 d. Therefore, the test substance is not considered to be readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria. Abiotic degradation was not observed (-0.5% after 29 d). Degradation in the toxicity flask was 44% after 14 d, indicating that the test substance is not toxic towards the inoculum at a concentration of 35.7 mg/L.

BOD5 / COD results

Results with reference substance:
80.2% of the reference substance were degraded after 29 d.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1: Degradation values [%]

Day

Positive Control 1

Positive Control 2

Positive Control Mean

Test substance 1

Test substance 2

Test substance mean

Abiotic control

Toxicity control

2

0.2

1.1

0.6

-1.2

-1.2

-1.2

1.1

0.6

4

11.9

12.9

12.4

-2.7

-2.0

-2.3

0.4

14.5

7

42.7

53.6

48.1

-6.1

-3.7

-4.9

0.8

33.7

9

48.3

63.5

55.9

-5.9

-4.3

-5.1

0.5

37.4

11

58.3

71.1

64.7

-3.2

-4.2

-3.7

0.5

39.7

14

64.5

73.7

69.1

6.0

-1.6

2.2

0.5

44.2

18

72.1

82.1

77.1

16.7

14.1

15.4

0.3

55.5

23

70.0

80.3

75.2

26.0

24.1

25.1

-0.1

56.9

29

73.9

86.6

80.2

33.4

33.8

33.6

-0.5

62.9

The IC content of test item in medium was more than 5% of TC (total carbon) as demanded in the guideline. This is due to the fact that the test item is very poorly soluble in water. The test item concentration of the solution was 998 mg/L, corresponding to a theoretical carbon content of 559.88 ppm, based on a carbon content of 56.1%. The TC was measured with 75.08 ppm and the IC (inorganic carbon) with 24.16 ppm. In relation to theoretical carbon content, the IC content corresponds to 4.32%. Therefore, the validity criterion was not applicable and the result is considered valid.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Interpretation of results:
inherently biodegradable, not fulfilling specific criteria
Conclusions:
Ready degradability is defined in the guidelines as degradation surpassing 60 % within 10
days after reaching a level of 10 %. Therefore, the test item N-[4-(2,4-
dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]isobutyramide cannot be considered as “readily biodegradable”.
Degradation missed 60 % within 28 days, too. Therefore, the test item is not considered
as “biodegradable within 28 days”, either.
Executive summary:

The test item N-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]isobutyramide was tested using a

concentration of nominally 20 mg organic carbon/L (corresponding to 35.7 mg N-[4-(2,4-

dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]isobutyramide/L) in test medium following OECD 301B and

EU-Method C.4-C.

Aniline was chosen as positive control.

Activated sludge was used as inoculum (concentration in the test 25.0 mg dry matter/L).

The test was left running for 28 days.

All validity criteria were met. Degradation of the positive control was 65 % after eleven

days.

The following data were determined for the test item N-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-

yl]isobutyramide:

10-day-window: day 16 – 26

degradation at the end of 10-day-window 30 %

degradation at the end of the test 34 %

pass level following guideline: 60 % at the end of 10-day-window

Therefore, regardless of the 10-day-window, N-[4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thiazol-2-

yl]isobutyramide is not readily biodegradable following OECD 301B/EU C.4-C.