Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 931-313-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
From OECD SIDS 2006:
With the exception of the micronucleus assay in vivo there are no studies available which have been performed according to the OECD test guidelines but there are valid studies which give sufficient information to evaluate this endpoint.
In vitro Studies
There are three Ames-tests (two plate incorporation assays and one suspension test) each of them of borderline validity. However, in combination the tests provide enough detailed information for evaluation of this endpoint. In a plate incorporation assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (76.8 % trans- and 21.6 % cis-isomer) proved to be mutagenic at 12.5 µg/mL and above in presence of S9-mix from mouse liver (both with and without addition of cofactors for a NADPH generating system) and from human liver samples (Barbin et al., 1978; Bartsch, 1976; Bartsch et al., 1979; Bartsch et al., 1980). In another plate incorporation assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (720 µg/mL; no data on isomer composition) showed mutagenic activity only towards strain TA 1535 with and without addition of S9 mix from liver, lung, and testes of rats, mice, and monkeys, respectively; a concentration of 1440 µg/mL led to 50% survival of bacteria of strain TA 1537. The positive controls (non-activation: ethylmethane sulfonate, 2-nitrosofluorene, quinacrine mustard; with activation: dimethylnitrosamine, 2-acetylaminofluorene) were functional (Litton Bionetics data, 1974). In the suspension test without addition of S9 mix 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (720 µg/mL and 343 µg/mL) was highly mutagenic to strain TA 1535 and weakly mutagenic to strain TA 1538. In presence of S9 mix from liver, lung, or testes of mice 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (720 µg/mL and 343 µg/mL) was mutagenic to strain TA 1535 only; a concentration of 1440 µg/mL led to 50 % survival of bacteria of strain TA 1537. The positive controls (non-activation: ethylmethane sulfonate, 2-nitrosofluorene, quinacrine mustard; with activation: dimethylnitrosamine, 2-acetylaminofluorene) were functional (Litton Bionetics data, 1974). In a yeast mitotic gene conversion test (suspension test) 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (720 and 1440 µg/mL) was mutagenic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D4 without and with metabolic activation (S9 mix from liver, lung or testes of mice); 1440 µg/mL were cytotoxic. The positive controls (non-activation: ethylmethane sulfonate; with activation: dimethylnitrosamine) were functional (Litton Bionetics data, 1974). In a further yeast forward mutation assay (suspension test) with limited documentation 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (3.75 - 12 500 µg/mL) showed mutagenic activity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (no further details given) (Loprieno, Barale, and Rossi, 1979; Barale, Presciuttini, and Rossi, 1979). In a mammalian cell mutagenicity test (HPRT-assay) 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (= 2 µg/mL) showed clear mutagenic activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells both without and with metabolic activation by rat liver S9 mix. At the highest concentrations tested (4 and 5.5 µg/mL, respectively) the cell survival amounted to 30 - 40 %. The positive controls (non-activation: ethylmethane sulfonate; with activation: dimethylbenzanthracene) were functional (DuPont, 1980).
In vivo Studies
In a micronucleus assay which has been performed according to OECD TG 474 groups of 5 rats per sex and treatment group were exposed nose-only against 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (65 % trans- and 35 % cis-isomer) concentrations of 0; 0.1; 1; 10 ppm (0; 0.52; 5.2; 52 mg/m3) for 6 hours/day on 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Bone marrow smears were prepared on the day of the last exposure. At least 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) per animal were evaluated for the presence of micronuclei. Males and females of the 10 ppm group showed a significant decrease in bw gain (88 % and 100 % reduction, respectively) after 10 days of exposure. There was no statistically significant increase in micronucleated PCEs and no significant depression in the proportion of PCEs among total erythrocytes observed in any 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene - treated group. The positive control (cyclophosphamide) was functional (DuPont, 1995). In a non-guideline study with limited documentation rats were exposed to 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene vapour concentrations of 0; 1.7 and 7.9 mg/m³ for 4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 1 day, 30 days and 120 days, respectively and sacrificed after the last treatment. Part of the animals exposed for 120 days were kept for a recovery period of 45 days without further exposure prior to sacrifice. 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene led to a significantly increased rate of chromosomal aberrations of chromatid type in rat bone marrow both at the low (after 30 and 120 days treatment) and the high exposure concentration (at all time points). At the end of the recovery period the aberration rate had returned to control level in the low exposure group only (Nalbandyan and Gizhlaryan, 1985). 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene was mutagenic in a recessive lethal assay with Drosophila melanogaster leading to a significant increase in lethals compared to the control at a concentration of 4 mM (500 µg/mL) in the drinking water (Vogel, 1976; Vogel, 1979).
Short description of key information:
1,4-Dichlorobut-2-ene is mutagenic to bacteria and yeasts as well as to mammalian cells in vitro. In vivo a negative result was obtained in a micronucleus assay performed according to OECD TG 474 with inhalation exposure of rats although the highest concentration tested (52 mg/m³) led to systemically toxic effects. In another non-guideline study with limited documentation 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene showed a clastogenic activity after inhalational exposure of rats. Overall 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene is mutagenic in vitro and there are some indications for a possible clastogenic activity in vivo.
Endpoint Conclusion: Adverse effect observed (positive)
Justification for classification or non-classification
On the basis of the above exposed, it is proposed to classify 1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene as Muta. Cat. 3, R68; and Muta. Cat. 2, H431 according respectively to DSD and CLP criteria.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
