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EC number: 202-284-3 | CAS number: 93-89-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
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- Nanomaterial pour density
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- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
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- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
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- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effects on fertility
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- multi-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Publication includes a well documented study summary. For justification of read across see section 13.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 4-generation study
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Farbwerke Bayer (Elberfeld)
- Weight at study initiation: 40-50 g
- Diet: during the first 8 weeks the rats were fed according to the pair-feeding technique, afterwards food was available ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum - Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): no data - Details on mating procedure:
- - M/F ratio per cage: 1 / 1
- Length of cohabitation: 14 d
- Proof of pregnancy: no data
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: yes - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- The doses were analytically verified at intervalls of six weeks.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The first two generations were treated lifelong, the 3rd generation for 16 weeks and the 4th generation until breeding.
- Frequency of treatment:
- During the first 8 weeks the rats were fed according to the pair-feeding technique, afterwards food was available ad libitum.
- Details on study schedule:
- no data
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 0.5, 1 % (0, 250, 500 mg/kg bw)
Basis:
nominal in diet - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 20
- Control animals:
- yes, plain diet
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: no data
- Positive control:
- no data
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly during the first 8 weeks and at four weeks intervalls afterwards
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE:
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: No data - Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- no data
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- no data
- Litter observations:
- STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: no
PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in [F1 / F2 / F3] offspring: total number of offspring, % of surviving offspring - Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- no data
- Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- no data
- Statistics:
- no data
- Reproductive indices:
- no data
- Offspring viability indices:
- no data
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- no effects observed
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not specified
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not specified
- Reproductive performance:
- no effects observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Effect level:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Intake of 150 mg (1%) of benzoic acid per day per rat and a bodyweight of 300 g per rat were assumed.
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality / viability:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- no effects observed
- Sexual maturation:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- no effects observed
- Gross pathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Histopathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEL
- Generation:
- F1
- Effect level:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Rats were exposed to 0.5 and 1 % benzoic acid in a chronic feeding study. 1 % benzoic acid was equivalent to 500 mg/kg bw/day. As no effects were observed in any of the four generations, the NOEL was determined to be 500 mg/kg bw.
- Executive summary:
Rats were exposed to 0.5 and 1 % benzoic acid in two groups of 20 male and 20 female rats in a chronic feeding study. 1 % benzoic acid in the food is equivalent to 500 mg/kg bw/day. The negative control group 1 consisted of the same amount of animals and received untreated food. The first two generations were treated lifelong, the 3rd generation was treated for 16 weeks and the 4th generation until breeding. No effects were observed in any of the generations except for a liver weight increase in the females of the 3rd generation, but this increase was not considered to be caused by the treatment. On the basis of these results the NOEL for benzoic acid was concluded to be 500 mg/kg bw.
Reference
An increased liver weigth was observed in females of the 3rd generation but, this increase was not treatment-related. Liver weigt increases were supposed to be caused by a weight increase during lactation and variation in litter sizes.
Effect on fertility: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- chronic
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- Publication includes a well documented study summary.
Effect on fertility: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on fertility: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Rats were exposed to 0.5 and 1 % benzoic acid in two groups of 20 male and 20 female rats in a chronic feeding study. 1 % benzoic acid in the food is equivalent to 500 mg/kg bw/day. The negative control group 1 consisted of the same amount of animals and received untreated food. The first two generations were treated lifelong, the 3rd generation was treated for 16 weeks and the 4th generation until breeding. No effects were observed in any of the generations except for a liver weight increase in the females of the 3rd generation, but this increase was not considered to be caused by the treatment. On the basis of these results the NOEL for benzoic acid was concluded to be 500 mg/kg bw.
Short description of key information:
On the basis of the results of a chronic feeding study on rats the NOEL for benzoic acid was determined to be 500 mg/kg bw.
Justification for selection of Effect on fertility via oral route:
only one publication available
Effects on developmental toxicity
Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
The available test data did not reveal a property of the test substance indicating toxicity to reproduction. On the basis of these data the substance is not considered to be classified for toxicity to reproduction under Directive 67/548/EEC (DSD) or under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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