2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-, di-C12-14 (even numbered)-alkyl esters

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

21 May 2013 - 23 Sep 2013

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

GLP - Guideline Study. In accordance to the ECHA guidance document “Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)”, the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on a read-across substance.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2013

Report date:

2013

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

adopted 21 Jul 1997

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Version / remarks:

adopted 30 May 2008

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Version / remarks:

adopted Aug 1998

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht, Mainz, Germany

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Didodecyl fumarate

EC Number:

219-280-2

EC Name:

Didodecyl fumarate

Cas Number:

2402-58-6

Molecular formula:

C28H52O4

IUPAC Name:

2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-, di-dodecyl ester

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Didodecyl fumarate; fumaric acid, di-dodecyl ester
- Physical state: solid, melt, white
- Analytical purity: 93.8 area-%
- Lot/batch No.: 0008043725
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: Dec 2013
- Stability under test conditions: guaranteed until Dec 2013
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature

Method

Target gene:

his operon (S. typhimurium)
trp operon (E. coli)

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

co-factor supplemented post-mitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), prepared from the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital/beta-naphtoflavone

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

33; 100; 333; 1 000; 2 700 and 5 400 μg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: acetone
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Due to the insolubility of the test substance in ultrapure water, acetone was used as vehicle, which had been demonstrated to be suitable in bacterial reverse mutation tests and for which historical control data are available.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

+S9: 2-aminoanthracene 2.5 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98), 60 μg/plate in DMSO (WP2 uvrA)

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

9-aminoacridine

other: N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine

Remarks:

-S9: N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 5 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1535, TA 100), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine 10 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 98), 9-aminoacridine 100 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1537), 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide 5 μg/plate in DMSO (WP2 uvrA)

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation) and preincubation

DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min
- Exposure duration: 48–72 h

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 plates in 2 independent experiments

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: decrease in the number of revertants, clearing or diminution of the background lawn

OTHER
A serility control was conducted to exclude contamination of the plates.

Evaluation criteria:

The experiment is considered valid if the following criteria are met:
- The number of revertant colonies in the negative controls was within the range of the historical negative control data for each tester strain.
- The sterility controls revealed no indication of bacterial contamination.
- The positive control substances both with and without S9 mix induced a distinct increase in the number of revertant colonies within the range of the historical positive control data or above.

The test substance is considered positive in this assay if a dose-related and reproducible increase in the number of revertant colonies, i.e. about doubling of the spontaneous mutation rate in at least one tester strain either without S9 mix or after adding a metabolizing system is observed.
A test substance is generally considered non-mutagenic in this test if the number of revertants for all tester strains were within the historical negative control range under all experimental conditions in at least two experiments carried out independently of each other.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not examined

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: Precipitation of the test substance was found from about 333 μg/plate onward with and without S9 mix.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The results of the negative and positive controls are within the historical control data.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1: Plate incorporation – without metabolic activation

Treatment	Dose [µg/plate]	Revertants/plate (mean±SD)
		TA 98	TA 100	TA 1535	TA 1537	E. coli WP2 uvrA
vehicle control^#		19±5	47±2	12±2	7±1	78±10
Test item	33	22±1	44±8	14±4	7±1	69±1
	100	20±1	42±2	12±3	6±2	70±5
	333	21±4	45±3	13±7	6±1	72±7
	1000	18±6	46±3	12±3	7±2	73±9
	2700	18±1	43±4	13±2	7±2	68±6
	5400	11±2	31±3	9±1	4±1	62±8
Positive control^##		828±85	939±13	884±40	338±21	638±22

^#vehicle control = acetone

^##positive control = N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 5 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1535, TA 100), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine 10 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 98), 9-aminoacridine 100 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1537), 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide 5 μg/plate in DMSO (WP2 uvrA)

 

Table 2: Plate incorporation – with metabolic activation

Treatment	Dose [µg/plate]	Revertants/plate (mean±SD)
		TA 98	TA 100	TA 1535	TA 1537	E. coli WP2 uvrA
vehicle control^#		26±3	46±3	14±3	7±1	82±1
Test item	33	33±1	45±6	12±2	8±2	88±9
	100	31±2	42±2	15±1	8±2	88±2
	333	27±3	45±5	13±2	8±3	81±2
	1000	27±2	45±7	15±3	6±1	74±11
	2700	20±1	42±5	12±2	6±1	62±3
	5400	19±4	43±2	9±1	7±1	73±5
Positive control^##		992±74	1089±89	384±21	219±20	280±9

^#vehicle control = acetone

^##positive control = 2-aminoanthracene 2.5 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98) and 60 μg/plate in DMSO (WP2 uvrA)

 

Table 3: Pre-incubation – without metabolic activation

Treatment	Dose [µg/plate]	Revertants/plate (mean±SD)
		TA 98	TA 100	TA 1535	TA 1537	E. coli WP2 uvrA
vehicle control^#		27±5	39±4	12±3	7±2	55±6
Test item	33	29±6	40±7	11±4	6±1	63±17
	100	25±5	44±12	11±1	8±1	59±4
	333	27±6	40±10	11±3	8±3	59±4
	1000	24±4	42±9	12±3	7±3	58±5
	2700	18±3	33±4	11±3	7±2	50±3
	5400	14±2	35±2	9±1	6±1	46±10
Positive control^##		664±9	1205±65	1418±18	881±8	695±76

^#vehicle control = acetone

^##positive control = N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 5 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1535, TA 100), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine 10 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 98), 9-aminoacridine 100 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1537), 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide 5 μg/plate in DMSO (WP2 uvrA)

 

Table 4: Pre-incubation – with metabolic activation

Treatment	Dose [µg/plate]	Revertants/plate (mean±SD)
		TA 98	TA 100	TA 1535	TA 1537	E. coli WP2 uvrA
vehicle control^#		29±5	46±8	18±3	14±2	57±8
Test item	33	32±6	45±9	17±3	15±5	61±7
	100	29±6	53±17	21±4	16±2	58±3
	333	31±2	51±6	15±2	12±1	58±7
	1000	26±2	48±7	18±3	16±3	56±8
	2700	27±3	41±7	16±7	12±1	59±5
	5400	28±4	37±3	13±2	10±2	58±8
Positive control^##		1113±10	778±14	335±10	330±13	172±12

^#vehicle control = acetone

^##positive control = 2-aminoanthracene 2.5 μg/plate in DMSO (TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, TA 98) and 60 μg/plate in DMSO (WP2 uvrA)

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative