Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 232-259-2 | CAS number: 7803-49-8
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
Hydroxylamine is not an organic molecule. Mineralisation is defined as the process of biological degradation to stable inorganic products. According to this definition, biodegradation of Hydroxylamine is not possible and of no importance.
However, hydroxylamine is a natural intermediate in biological nitrification under aerobic conditions (Amarger and Alexander 1968). The chemolithoautotrophic growth is obtained by the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. This is a two-step process. The first step involves the
oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine by the membrane bound enzyme ammonia monooxygenase in the following reaction:
NH3+ O2 + 2e- + 2H+ --> NH2OH + H20
In the second step, the intermediate, hydroxylamine, is oxidized to nitrite by the enzyme hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) in the following reaction:
NH2OH + H2O --> NO2-+ 4e- + 5H+ (Arciero and Hooper 1993).
For several chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, such as Nitrosomas europea, Nitrosomas nitrosa and Nitrosococcus oceanus, mixotrophic growth on hydroxylamine in the presence of ammonia has been demonstrated (Böttcher and Koops 1994, de Brujin et al. 1995). The molar growth yield on hydroxylamine, measured as a formation of cell protein per unit substrate oxidized, was found to be approximately twice that of ammonia. In respiration experiments, the oxygen consumption was 1.5 mol O2 per mol ammonia and 1.0 mol O2 per mol hydroxylamine oxidized to nitrite (Böttcher and Koops 1994). For N. europea molar growth yield was considerably high (4.74 g mol-1 at a growth rate of 0.03 h-1). Anaerobic growth of N. europea on hydroxylamine and ammonium was not observed (de Brujin et al. 1995). Furthermore, hydroxylamine may be used as an additional energy source in heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria such as Pseudomonas PB16 (Jetten et al. 1997). For the latter, a maximum specific hydroxylamine oxidizing activity of 450 nmol min-1 mg dry weight–1, with a Ks of approximately 40 µM, has been determined.
In high concentrations, inhibition of bacteria by is possible.
References:
Amarger N, Alexander M (1968). Nitrite formation from Hydroxylamine and oximes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bact 95(5): 1651-1657
Arciero DM, Hooper AB (1993). Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase from Nitrosomonas europaea is as multimer of an octa-hem subunit. J Bact Chemistr 268(20): 14645-14654
Böttcher B, Koops HP (1994). Growth of lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria on hydroxylamine. FEMS Microbiol Lett 122: 263-266
De Brujin P et al. (1995). Growth of Nitrosomonas europaea on hydroxylamine. FEMS Microbiol Lett 125: 179-184
Jetten SM et al. (1997). Hydroxylamine metabolism in Pseudomonas PB16: involvement of a novel hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71: 69-74
ECB (2008). EU-RAR Draft, Bis-(hydroxylammonium)sulphate, CAS: 10039 -54 -0,14. May 2008
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