Sodium hydrogencarbonate

Sediment toxicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sediment toxicity: long-term

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2014

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA 821/R-02/012

Version / remarks:

Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, 5th ed

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

no data

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method: Experimental water was collected from serial dilutions 1 to 3 times per experiment
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Anion samples were transported in bicarbonate-rinsed 125-mL polyethylene containers and refrigerated. Cation samples were held in 125-mL I-ChemTM containers and preserved at pH < 2.0. All water samples were refrigerated and sent to the Montana Department of Health and Human Services laboratory in Helena, Montana (USA), for analyses.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: exposure water containing increasing concentrations of NaHCO3 was added to create a range of exposures from a control to up to 15910 mg/L NaHCO3, depending on the sensitivity of the organism determined during range-finding experiment. Serial dilutions of stock solution were used to create the exposure concentration ranges.

Test organisms (species):

Chironomus dilutus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: chiromids
- Strain: native to the Powder and Tongue River drainages
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 7-14 dph

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

21–23 C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

295–15 910 mg/L NaHCO3

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 0.5- L to 4-L acid-washed glass aquaria
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): water replaced every 24h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tongue and Powder rivers reconstituted waters (check table in other info on methodfor water description). The reconstituted waters were created using a combination of well water from the Jackson Field Research Station, Jackson, Wyoming (USA) and the addition of chemicals of American Chemical Society (ACS) grade or higher or were created at the Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Helena, Montana (USA) laboratory using deionized water and chemicals of ACS grade or higher.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : median lethal concnetration

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Results from range finding used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

4 947 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

in Toungue water

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

8 014 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

in Powder recon water

Details on results:

no data

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Median lethal concentrations were calculated with the Toxicity Relationship Analysis Program (TRAP) using measured NaHCO3 and HCO3 values. The predicted toxicity of salt combinations in experimental waters was tested on fathead minnows and C. dubia using the salinity toxicity relationship (STR) model

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Short-term exposure of 7-14 dph chironomids to NaHCO3 resulted in a LC50 of 4947 or 8014 mg/l depending on the medium (reconstituted river water) used.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted exposing for 96 h, embryos (7 -14 dph) of chironomids, Chironomus dilutus, to a range concentration 295–15910 mg/L of NaHCO₃. Experiments were conducted following the standard EPA guideline 821/R-02/012“Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, 5th ed”, in two different reconstituted river waters (Tongue and Powder). Results showed an LC50 of 4947 or 8014 mg/l NaHCO₃, when expose in Tongue or Powder river water, respectively.

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2014

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA 821/R-02/012

Version / remarks:

Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, 5th ed

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

no data

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method: Experimental water was collected from serial dilutions 1 to 3 times per experiment
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Anion samples were transported in bicarbonate-rinsed 125-mL polyethylene containers and refrigerated. Cation samples were held in 125-mL I-ChemTM containers and preserved at pH < 2.0. All water samples were refrigerated and sent to the Montana Department of Health and Human Services laboratory in Helena, Montana (USA), for analyses.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: exposure water containing increasing concentrations of NaHCO3 was added to create a range of exposures from a control to up to 1794 mg/L NaHCO3, depending on the sensitivity of the organism determined during range-finding experiment. Serial dilutions of stock solution were used to create the exposure concentration ranges.

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic crustacea: Hyalella azteca

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: amphipod
- Strain: native to the Powder and Tongue River drainages
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): adults

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

23 C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

255–1794 mg/L NaHCO3

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 0.5- L to 4-L acid-washed glass aquaria
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): water replaced every 24h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tongue and Powder rivers reconstituted waters (check table in other info on methodfor water description). The reconstituted waters were created using a combination of well water from the Jackson Field Research Station, Jackson, Wyoming (USA) and the addition of chemicals of American Chemical Society (ACS) grade or higher or were created at the Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Helena, Montana (USA) laboratory using deionized water and chemicals of ACS grade or higher.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : median lethal concnetration

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Results from range finding used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1 419 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

in Toungue water

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

2 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

in Powder recon water

Details on results:

no data

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Median lethal concentrations were calculated with the Toxicity Relationship Analysis Program (TRAP) using measured NaHCO3 and HCO3 values. The predicted toxicity of salt combinations in experimental waters was tested on fathead minnows and C. dubia using the salinity toxicity relationship (STR) model

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Short-term exposure of adults amphipod to NaHCO3 resulted in a LC50 of 1419 or 2000 mg/l depending on the medium (reconstituted river water) used.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted exposing for 96 h adults amphipod, Hyalella azteca, to a range concentration 255–1794 mg/L of NaHCO₃. Experiments were conducted following the standard EPA guideline 821/R-02/012“Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, 5th ed”, in two different reconstituted river waters (Tongue and Powder). Results showed an LC50 of 1419 or 2000 mg/l NaHCO₃, when expose in Tongue or Powder river water, respectively.

Cross-reference 3

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2014

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA 821/R-02/012

Version / remarks:

Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, 5th ed

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

no data

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Sampling method: Experimental water was collected from serial dilutions 1 to 3 times per experiment
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Anion samples were transported in bicarbonate-rinsed 125-mL polyethylene containers and refrigerated. Cation samples were held in 125-mL I-ChemTM containers and preserved at pH < 2.0. All water samples were refrigerated and sent to the Montana Department of Health and Human Services laboratory in Helena, Montana (USA), for analyses.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: exposure water containing increasing concentrations of NaHCO3 was added to create a range of exposures from a control to up to 5060 mg/L NaHCO3, depending on the sensitivity of the organism determined during range-finding experiment. Serial dilutions of stock solution were used to create the exposure concentration ranges.

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic worm: Tubifex tubifex

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: tubifex worm
- Strain: native to the Powder and Tongue River drainages
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): adults

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

17-19 C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

319–5060 mg/L NaHCO3

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 0.5- L to 4-L acid-washed glass aquaria
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): water replaced every 24h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Tongue and Powder rivers reconstituted waters (check table in other info on methodfor water description). The reconstituted waters were created using a combination of well water from the Jackson Field Research Station, Jackson, Wyoming (USA) and the addition of chemicals of American Chemical Society (ACS) grade or higher or were created at the Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks, Helena, Montana (USA) laboratory using deionized water and chemicals of ACS grade or higher.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : median lethal concnetration

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Results from range finding used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3 297 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

in Toungue water

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3 367 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other:

Remarks:

in Powder recon water

Details on results:

no data

Results with reference substance (positive control):

not applicable

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Median lethal concentrations were calculated with the Toxicity Relationship Analysis Program (TRAP) using measured NaHCO3 and HCO3 values. The predicted toxicity of salt combinations in experimental waters was tested on fathead minnows and C. dubia using the salinity toxicity relationship (STR) model

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Short-term exposure of adults tubifex worms to NaHCO3 resulted in a LC50 of 3297 or 3367 mg/l depending on the medium (reconstituted river water) used.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted exposing for 96 h adults of worm, Tubifex tubifex, to a range concentration 319–5060 mg/L of NaHCO₃. Experiments were conducted following the standard EPA guideline 821/R-02/012“Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms, 5th ed”, in two different reconstituted river waters (Tongue and Powder). Results showed an LC50 of 3297 or 3367 mg/l NaHCO₃, when expose in Tongue or Powder river water, respectively.

Materials and methods

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium hydrogencarbonate

EC Number:

205-633-8

EC Name:

Sodium hydrogencarbonate

Cas Number:

144-55-8

Molecular formula:

CH2O3.Na

IUPAC Name:

sodium hydrogen carbonate