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EC number: 200-315-5 | CAS number: 57-13-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
The handling of urea by the human body is well characterised as it is a normal product of protein catabolism and is normally produced in large quantities.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
- Absorption rate - oral (%):
- 60
- Absorption rate - dermal (%):
- 10
- Absorption rate - inhalation (%):
- 10
Additional information
Absorption of Urea as follows based on physicochemical/toxicological data following ECHA guidance 7c (2017). The substance isa solid material with molecular weight of 60.0556 g/mol and water solubility of 624000 mg/L at 20°C. The log Pow is around -1.73 at 20°C and the mean particle size is 0.1-5 mm. The vapour pressure is 1.2 x 10-5mmHb or 0.0016 Pa at 25°C. The substance has no ionizable groups.
- Oral/GI absorption: The molecular weight below 500g/mol, the absence of ionisable groups, the hydrophilic properties and the particle size, are in favor of oral absorption. When SC (subcutaneous) versus oral LD50values were compared, a factor of 0.57-0.63 was reached. Based on these data, an oral absorption of 60% is considered.
- Respiratory absorption: Based upon the solid state with high particle size (not reaching the thoracic airways), low vapor pressure and high water solubility, deposition in the lower airways is assumed most unlikely and absorption by inhalation is considered to be negligible. From a conservative viewpoint, a 10 % inhalation absorption is considered.
- Dermal absorption: Based upon the low molecular weight, solid state and low vapor pressure (not evaporating), and the fact that the structure is not binding to skin molecules, dermal absorption is possible. However, the high water solubility, log P <0 and absence of irritation are not in favour of dermal absorption. Experimental data on the absorption of urea across normal human skinin vitrois reported to be up to 9.5%.From a realistic conservative viewpoint, a 10 % dermal absorption is considered.
Urea is produced in the body (liver) of mammals as a consequence of normal physiological processes, primarily by the detoxification of ammonia resulting from protein catabolism, via the urea cycle.
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