Diisodecyl adipate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: meets national standard methods, no analytical monitoring, no GLP

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The study was performed according to German standard test guideline, DIN 38 412 L15, 1982.

GLP compliance:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was added to the test water without any pretreatment; subsequently the fish were placed into the aquaria.

Test organisms (species):

Leuciscus idus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISMS
- Test fish: Leuciscus idus (golden variety)
- Supplier: Fischzucht Paul Eggers, 2354 Hohenweststedt, Germany
- Body length: 6.9 cm (range 5.8 - 8.1 cm)
- Body weight: 2.8 g (range 1.3 - 4.5 g)
- corpulence factor of animals: 0.85

CULTIVATION
- The fish were kept in a flow-through tank with tap water.
- The water cleaned and dechlorinated by active carbon.
- The water aerated with oil free air.
- The total hardness was about 2.6 mmol/l
- The carbonate hardness was about 2.6 pmmol/l
- oxygen: > 60% - pH: about 7.5
- photoperiod: 16 h light and 8 h dark
- temperature: 15-20 °C
- diet: Fukosalm growing feed 1

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

Total hardness: 2.5 mmol/l

Test temperature:

20 °C

pH:

about 7.8

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- test concentrations (nominal): 10, 100, and 500 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST CONDITIONS
- test water was reconstituted freshwater according to DIN 38412, Part II, draft Sep 1981; prepared from fully demineralised tap water (conductivity: max 10 micro MHO) by adding:
294.0 mg/l CaCl2 * 2 H2O
123.3 mg/l MgSO4 + 7 H2O
64.8 mg/l NaHCO3
5.8 mg/l KCl
- Test water aerated continuous with oil free air.
- Dilution water chemistry:
Ratio Ca/Mg ions: 4 : 1
Ratio Na/K ions: 10 : 1
- volume of water: 10 liters
- 3 resp. 10 animals per test
- test vessels: all-glass aquaria (30 x 22 x 24 cm)
- adaption to test water and test temperature: 3 days
- mortality during the adaption period: 0%
- determination of mortality and symptoms after 1, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h
- Statistical methods: The median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated using Probit Analysis (Finney D.J., Probit Analysis, Cambr. Univ. Press, 3rd Edition, 1971)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 500 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

RESULT MORTALITY
LC 50 (1h): > 500 mg/l
LC 50 (4h): > 500 mg/l
LC 50 (24h): > 500 mg/l
LC 50 (48h): > 500 mg/l
LC 50 (72h): > 500 mg/l
LC 50 (92h): > 500 mg/l

RESULTS SYMPTOMS
Nominal conc.
mg/l number of fish 1h 4h 24h 48h 72h 96h
0 (control) 10 - - - - - -
10 3 - - - - - -
100 3 - - - - - -
500 10 - - - - - -

key:
-: No symptoms

REFERENCE
- chloroacetamide: LC50 (48 h) = 25 mg/l (this corresponds to normal sensitivity)

REMARK
Effect concentration is greater than the solubility of the substance in the test medium. Undissolved test substance was visible on the surface of the water at all test concentrations, increasing with an increase in the concentration.

OXYGEN CONTROL (mg/l)
nominal conc. (mg/l) 0h 24h 48h 72h 96h
0 (control) 7.9 8.2 8.0 8.1 7.7
10 8.1 8.5 8.2 8.8 8.3
100 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.7 8.2
500 6.6 8.2 7.4 8.3 7.5

pH CONTROL
nominal conc. (mg/l) 0h 24h 48h 72h 96h
0 (control) 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6
10 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7
100 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6
500 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5

Behavior of the test item during the test: No remarkable observations.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

23 - 27 Sept 1986

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions: Only four concentrations are tested. The test concentrations are not analytically verified. A saltwater fish is tested.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Only four test concentrations were applied. The test concentrations were not analytically verified. A salt water fish was tested.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test material was added directly to the exposure chambers within one hour after addition of the test animals. The required quantity for each test concentration was pipetted into the respective exposure chambers. Nominal test concentrations were calculated using the specific gravity (0.909 g/mL) of the test material. Due to its insolubility, test substance was used as oil-water suspension (OWS). A stable OWS was generated using a modification of the procedure originating from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food (MAFF), England (Blackman et al. New Procedures for the Toxicity Testing of Oil Slick Dispersants. Fisheries Research Technical Report Nr. 29, 1980, 7 p). In general, exposure chambers were fitted with a removable PVC cylinder that housed a stainless steel shaft and 3 bladed propeller. Small quantities of water and oil were drawn through the cylinder and expelled through apertures near the bottom of the the cylinder by rotating the propeller with ca. 1500 revs/min.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): The test solutions were turbid due to the formation of the oil-water suspension.

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinodon variegatus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: sheepshead minnow
- Source: obtained from ARO Inc, Hampton, USA
- Length at study initiation: 0.17 - 0.23 cm (SD: 2 - 4 mm)
- Weight at study initiation: 0.31 - 0.39 g
- Feeding during test: none

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: The test organisms were acclimated for a minimum of 7 days prior to the test start.
- Acclimation conditions: same as test
- Type and amount of food: The fish were fed a commercial fish food (TetraMin flake food). The fishes were not fed in the 24 h preceeding study inition.
- Feeding frequency: ad libitum
- Health during acclimation: < 10% in the 48 h prior to test start

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

262 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

21.0 - 21.5 °C

pH:

8.14 - 8.21 (mean)

Dissolved oxygen:

7.74 - 8.46 mg/L

Salinity:

20 ppt

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: aquaria
- Type: open
- Material: glass; Size: 10 gallon (37.9 L); Fill volume: 30 L
- No. of organisms per treatment group: 20 (control: accidentally 21 fish)
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1
- No. of vessels per control: 1

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: MTC well water was adjusted to a salinity of 20 ± 1 ppt with synthetic sea salts (Rila Marine Mix)
- Alkalinity: 150 mg/L as CaCO3
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen were measured in all test chambers at each 24 h observation period. Dissolved oxygen measurements were corrected for salinity since the temperature-salinity relationship is different in saltwater than in freshwater.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality, abnormal behavior and appearance of fish were recorded at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h test duration.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study: 10 Fish per dose level were exposed for 48 h to direct additions of the test substance under OWD conditions in 10 gallon aquaria containing 30 L of water.
- Test concentrations: 10, 100 and 1000 ppm
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: The oil-water dispersion (OWD) approach was chosen as the most effective study design for the definitive study. At 1000 ppm one of 10 fishes died.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

diesel oil (300 mg/L)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 5 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality: 3 out of 20

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Comparison between the test substance and diesel oil is not meaningful since only three dead fish were observed in the positive control.

Table 1: Cumulative mortility in the different treatments [%]

Exposure time [h]	Treatment [ppm]
	Positive control	control	500	1000	2500	5000
0	0/21	0/20	0/20	0/20	0/20	2/20
24	0/21	1/20	0/20	0/20	0/20	3/20
48	0/21	3/20	0/20	0/20	0/20	4/20
72	0/21	3/20	0/20	0/20	1/20	4/20
96	0/21	3/20	0/20	0/20	1/20	4/20

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Justification for type of information:

Please see Section 13 below.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 500 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Justification for type of information:

Please see Section 13 below.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 5 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Justification for type of information:

Please see Section 13 below.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 10 000 mg/L

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1976

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Scientifically acceptable 48h acute toxicity to freshwater fish scrrening test

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: 48h Screening test for the acute lethal toxicity to fish

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Leuciscus idus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 6.5 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 2.88 g

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

pH:

7.0 - 7.6

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2500, 4000, 6300 and 10000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST CONDITIONS
- 3 resp. 10 animals per test
- determination of mortality and symptoms after 4, 24, 48h

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 10 000 mg/L

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

RESULT MORTALITY
LC 50 (4h): > 10000 mg/l
LC 50 (24h): > 10000 mg/l
LC 50 (48h): > 10000 mg/l

RESULTS MORTALITY
Nominal conc.
mg/l number of fish 4h 24h 48h
0 (control) 10 - - -
10 3 - - -
100 3 - - -
1000 3 - - -
1600 3 - - -
2500 3 - - -
4000 3 - - -
6300 3 - - -
10000 3 - - -

REMARK
Effect concentration is greater than the solubility of the substance in the test medium.

Description of key information

No relevant studies are available for diisodecyl adipate.

Three acute fish toxicity studies are available for closely related, read-across substances:

A study was conducted with diisononyl adipate (CAS 33703-08-1) under static conditions according to OECD guideline 203 using Leuciscus idus as test organism (BASF, 1985). Test concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 mg/l were directly added to the test vessels. No mortalities were observed even at the highest test substance concentration.The LC50 (96h) was > 500 mg/L, based on nominal concentration. 

A study investigating the toxicity of bis(tridecyl) adipate (CAS 16958-92-2) to saltwater fish is available. The study was conducted under static conditions according to OECD guideline 203 using Cyprinodon variegatus as test organism. The test material was directly added to the test vessels preparing oil-water suspensions in a range of 500 to 5000 mg/L. Undissolved test material was not removed therefore observed effects could be related to physical interferences rather than systemic toxicity. The (EC50) after a 96 h test period was determined to be above the highest test concentration of 5000 mg/L.

A 48 hour acute fish toxicity study was conducted with bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (CAS 103-23-1) in Leuciscus idus at concentrations of 10 to 10000 mg/L. No toxicity was observed at any of the concentrations tested.