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EC number: 284-325-5 | CAS number: 84852-15-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
A 7-day short-term toxicity test using Lactuca sativa reported an EC50 for growth of 559 mg nonylphenol/kg (Hulzebos et al., 1993). The key information for long-term effects to plant relates to the Domene et al., (2009) study where the most sensitive endpoint was a test on Lolium perenne with an EC10 based fresh weight of 574.8 mg nonylphenol/kg.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 559 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 574.8 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
There were three reliable toxicity studies relating to six different species of terrestrial plants. Only one reliable short-term study was available where a 7-day test usingLactuca sativareported an EC50for growth of 559 mg nonylphenol/kg (Hulzebos et al., 1993). However, this result is more sensitive than the extended 14-day test in the same study where an EC50of 625 mg/kg is reported. The Key Study is provided by Domeneet al., (2009) as this study was highly reliable (Klimisch 1) and fulfilled the information requirements for a Robust Study Summary. The 50% effect concentrations in the Hulzeboset al., (1993) study are similar to the EC10results reported by Domeneet al., (2009). Effects on fresh weight inBrassica rapaandLolium perenneover a 15-day period resulted in calculated EC10s of 574.8 and 738.9 mg nonylphenol/kg, respectively. This suggests that dicotyledonous plants are more sensitive than monocotyledons to nonylphenol toxicity. A number of factors differ between the long-term exposures in the Hulzebos and Domene studies including (i) the species, (ii) the effect levels and (iii) the soil type. In particular, Domeneet al., (2009) used artificial soils (the preferred test medium for REACH testing) whereas Hulzeboset al., (1993) employed natural soil with the potential to introduce further uncertainty due to the variation in natural soil properties to the Hulzebos experiment. It is difficult to make direct comparisons between the two studies due to these variations but the results do suggest that plants are likely to be affected by nonylphenol in soils where concentrations exceed 559 mg nonylphenol/kg.Domeneet al,. (2009) also reports EC50values for seed germination inB. rapaandL. perenneof 8159.2 and 7500.7 mg/kg, respectively.
In summary, the reliable data present an inconsistent trend of the toxicity of nonylphenol to terrestrial plants, although the NOEC is expected to be around the 0.5g/kg level or more. Based on the arguments of data reliability, adequacy and sensitivity of test species, the key value for long-term plant exposure to nonylphenol and further hazard assessment is theL. perenneEC10of 574.8 mg/kg. These results indicate that nonylphenol is slightly toxic to some plants at the EC10protection level but not toxic at the EC50level. More generally, plants are less sensitive to nonylphenol than soil invertebrates. These data are suitable for use in the nonylphenol assessment.
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