Phenol, 4-nonyl-, branched

Endpoint summary

Additional information

The review of nonylphenol exposure to terrestrial organisms resulted in reliable toxicity test studies by eight authors for a total of eight terrestrial species of soil invertebrates, plants and soil micro-organisms. From the limited reliable data available, soil invertebrates were more sensitive to the toxic effects of nonylphenol than terrestrial plants and micro-organisms for acute, short-term exposures and the relative sensitivity between soil invertebrates and plants was an order of magnitude different (L/EC₅₀ for earthworm survival and plant growth were 88.6 and 559 mg nonylphenol/L, respectively).

 

Toxicity data for long-term exposure to nonylphenol indicated the lowest Key Study NOEC or EC₁₀value of 23 mg nonylphenol/kg soil for reproduction in the Collembolan (Folsomia fimetaria) by Scott-Fordsmand et al., 2004. The lowest Key Study NOEC or EC₁₀for plants based on fresh weight was field mustard (Brassica rapa) of 574.8 mg nonylphenol/kg using artificial soils (Domene et al, 2009). As in short-term toxicity studies, soil invertebrates were more sensitive than plants to long-term nonylphenol exposures.

Two studies were available for avian toxicity on the Japanese quail. The key study investigated the effects from foodbourne nonylphenol. A range of different effects were observed for reproductive endpoints. The NOECs for male body weight, fertilisation rate, survival of newborn quails after 14 days, normal histopathology of male gonads were <10mg/kg diet; the NOEC for female body weight was 10mg/kg diet; the NOEC for number of eggs produced, egg shell thickness, number of broken eggs, sex ratios and normal female ovarian tissue were >50mg/kg diet; and the NOEC for hatching rate was 20 mg/kg diet (Cheng et al, 2019).