Fatty acids, C16-18, isotridecyl esters

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Remarks:

based on test type (migrated information)

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

01 Nov - 13 Dec 2012

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

GLP - Guideline study tested with the source substance isodecyl oleate. According to the ECHA guidance document "Practical guide 6: How to report read-across and categories (March 2010)", the reliability was changed from RL1 to RL2 to reflect the fact that this study was conducted on a read-across substance.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2013

Report date:

2013

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Version / remarks:

(22 Mar 1996)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

Behoerde fuer Soziales, Familie, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz; Hamburg, Germany

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Isodecyl oleate

EC Number:

261-673-6

EC Name:

Isodecyl oleate

Cas Number:

59231-34-4

Molecular formula:

C28H54O2

IUPAC Name:

8-methylnonyl octadec-9-enoate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Isodecyl oleate
- Physical state/appearance: dark yellow clear liquid
- Analytical purity: 77.8% (C18:1 and C18:2)
- Other components: C14-C20 <10%, each
- Batch No.: CH 171484 and CH 175100 001
- Storage conditions: at +10°C to +25°C in closed containers, in a closed, dry and well ventilated storage room

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Crj: CD(SD)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Laboratories Research Models and Services Germany GmbH, Sulzfeld, Germany
- Age at study initiation: males: 50 days; females: 60 days
- Mean weight at study initiation: males: 248.8 to 298.7 g; females: 195.2 to 228.1 g
- Fasting period before study: no
- Housing: single housing in MAKROLON cages (type III plus)
- Diet: commercial ssniff R-Z V1324 (ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany); ad libitum
- Water: tap water; ad libitum
(Analyses of diet and water was performed.)
- Acclimation period: 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3
- Humidity (%): 55 ± 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on exposure:

VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 50, 150 and 500 mg/mL
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 2 mL/kg

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1 male and 1 female animal were placed in one cage during the dark period
- Length of cohabitation: The female was placed with the same male until pregnancy had occurred or 2 weeks had elapsed.
- Proof of pregnancy: vaginal plug or sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- After 2 weeks of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility.
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged singly.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

For the analysis of the test item-vehicle mixtures samples were taken at the following time points and stored at ≤ -20°C until analysis:
Start of treatment period; immediately after preparation of the test item-vehicle mixtures; 8 and 24 hours after storage of the test item preparations at room temperature; end of treatment period; during treatment with the test item always before administration to the last animal of the dose level group
The following parameters were determined: linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, stability at +2°C to +8°C or -20°C (0, 24, 72 and 168 hours)

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Males: The daily administration of the test item was started two weeks before mating and lasted until test day 35, which was one day before sacrifice.
Females: The daily administration of the test item was started two weeks before mating and continued to at least day 3 of lactation.
Maximum: 56 days of treatment

Frequency of treatment:

once daily; 7 days/week

Doses / concentrations

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
100, 300 1000 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: based on a 14-day range-finding study (Leuschner, 2012)

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: before and after dosing
- Cage side observations checked: skin/fur, eyes, mucous membranes, respiratory and circulatory systems, somatomotor activity and behaviour patterns

MORTALITY AND CLINICAL SIGNS
- Time schedule: at least once daily (the frequency was increased when signs of toxicity were observed); deaths were recorded twice daily (animals which died or were sacrificed during the study were necropsied as soon as possible after exitus)

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: once before the first exposure (to allow within-subject comparisons) and once a week thereafter
- Paramters: changes in skin, fur, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions and autonomic activity (e.g. lacrimation, pilo-erection, pupil size, and unusual respiratory pattern); changes in gait, posture and response to handling as well as the presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypies (e.g. excessive grooming, repetitive circling), difficult or prolonged parturition or bizarre behaviour (e.g. self-mutilation, walking backwards)

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data

For further systemic effects (water intake, haematology, clinical chemistry, neurobehaviour), see "Repeated dose toxicity: oral" (chapter 7.5.1)

OTHER
Reproduction paramters: number of pregnant females, pre-coital time, gestation length

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

Parameters examined in P male parental generations:
testis weight, epididymis weight, and qualitative sperm staging

Litter observations:

STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
- Performed on day 4 postpartum: yes
- If yes, maximum of all pups/litter

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined in F1 offspring: litter weight, number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
Yes, for external and internal abnormalities

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

SACRIFICE
- Male animals: All surviving animals [males were sacrificed on day 36]
- Maternal animals: All surviving animals [females were sacrifices on day 4 post-partum or shorty thereafter]

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
- Organ weights: epididymes and testicles (all males); adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, spleen, thymus (5/sex/dose)
- Fixation: epididymis, gross lesions, mammary gland, ovary, prostate, seminal vesicle, testicle, uterus (incl. cervix and oviducts), vagina (all animals); adrenal gland, bone marrow (os femoris), brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem), heart (left and right ventricle, septum), intestine, small (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, incl. Peyer's patches, Swiss roll method), intestine, large (colon, rectum), kidney and ureter, liver, lungs (with mainstem bronchi and bronchioles), preserved by inflation with fixative and then immersion, lymph node (1 cervical, 1 mesenteric), nerve (sciatic), oesophagus, spinal cord (3 sections), spleen, stomach, thyroid (incl. parathyroids), thymus, tissue masses or tumours (incl. regional lymph nodes), tongue (incl. base), trachea (incl. larynx), urinary bladder (5/sex/dose)
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes, all organs that were included for fixation (5/sex of control and high dose group)

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

SACRIFICE
- The surviving F1 offspring were sacrificed at 4 days of age.
- These animals were subjected to postmortem examinations (macroscopic and/or microscopic examination) as follows:

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of [external and internal examinations]
Dead pups and pups sacrificed at day 4 post-partum, or shortly thereafter, were carefully examined externally for gross abnormalities.

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGTHS
not performed

Statistics:

STUDENT's t-test (p ≤ 0.01): all numerical functional tests
Multiple t-test based on DUNNETT (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01): body weight, food consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry, absolute and relative organ weights
For all numerical values homogeneity of variances was tested by using the BARTLETT chi-square test. If the variances were homogeneous, the DUNNETT test (p ≤ 0.01) was used to compare the experimental groups with the control group. In case of heterogeneity of variances, the STUDENT's t-test was carried out; limit of significance was p ≤ 0.01.

Reproductive indices:

For each group the gestation index was determined:
- Fertility Index female [%] = Number of pregnant rats/Number of females used x 100
- Gestation Index [%] = Number of litters with live pups/Number of pregnant rats x 100

Offspring viability indices:

For each litter and group the following indices were determined:
- Birth Index [%] = Total number of pups born (live + dead)/Number of implantation scars x 100
- Live Birth Index [%] = Number of pups born alive on day 0/1 Total number born (live + dead) x 100
- Viability Index [%] = Number of pups alive on day 4/Number of pups live on day 0/1 x 100
- Pre-implantation loss [%] = Corpora lutea - implantations/Corpora lutea x 100
- Post-implantation loss [%] = Implantations - number of pups born alive/Implantations x 100

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

slight reduction in body weight and food consumption of the high dose females

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

slight reduction in body weight and food consumption of the high dose females

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

no effects observed

Other effects:

not examined

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not examined

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

no effects observed

Reproductive performance:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

increase in post implantation loss, decrease in birth index, increase in the number of stillbirths (all high dose group)

Details on results (P0)

CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
Piloerection was seen in 1 female of the high dose group at on day 2-4 of lactation.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN AND FOOD CONSUMPTION
Reduction in body weight (-9.7%) in high dose females during lactation period. Reduction in food intake (-21.7%) in high dose females during gestation/lactation.

ORGAN WEIGHTS
All effects observed (slight increase in absolute and relative liver weight in males) were still within the historical control data of the laboratory and thus not of toxicological relevance.

GROSS PATHOLOGY
No effects observed.

HISTOPATHOLOGY
No effects observed.

REPRODUCTION
The qualitative sperm staging revealed no test item-related specific spermatogenic changes in the male animals from the high dose group (1000 mg/kg b.w./day).
- Pre-coital time: No effects observed
- Gestation length: No effects observed
- Reproduction parameters of the dams: statistically significant increase in post implantation loss, non-statistically significant decrease in birth index, elevated number of stillbirths, leading to a statistically significant reduction in the live birth index.
No effects were found for the fertility index, the gestation index and the preimplantation loss.

Effect levels (P0)

1

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

systemic

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

other: adverse effects on ody weight and body weight gain and food consumption at 1000 mg/kg bw/d

2

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

systemic

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male

Basis for effect level:

other: no adverse effects observed

3

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

reproduction

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

other: an increase in post-implantation loss, a decrease in the birth index and a decrease in the live birth index at 1000 mg/kg bw/d

4

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

reproduction

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male

Basis for effect level:

other: no spermatogenic changes

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality / viability:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

reduces viability (high dose group)

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

reduced litter weight of the high dose female offspring

Sexual maturation:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Details on results (F1)

VIABILITY (OFFSPRING)
A test item-related decrease in the viability index was noted in the high dose group (1000 mg/kg bw/day) (71.3 % in the high dose group vs. 98.7% in the control group). The high number of dead pups in the high dose group was due to 2 dams with no surving pups on lactation day 4 (deaths partly due to cannibalization). The total litter loss in 2 of 7 dams (28.6%) was considered as test item related.

LITTER WEIGHT
A non-statistically significant reduction in mean litter weight on lactation day 1 by 17.2% was noted in the high dose group (high dose group), which is regarded to be test item-related. Total litter weight was also reduced by 24.4% in comparison to controls.

GROSS PATHOLOGY (OFFSPRING)
No effects observed.

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

developmental

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

300 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: effects on litter weight and viability of the offspring at 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Individual body weights of females during the pre-mating and lactation period.

Control group	Day(s) relative to start
	1	8	15
11	196	209	212
12	217	228	243
13	210	220	213
14	217	234	244
15	3211	215	232
16	195	208	197
17	205	224	239
18	212	238	233
19	224	236	259
20	200	218	214
Mean	209	223	229
SD	9	10	19

1000 mg/kg bw	Day(s) relative to start
	1	8	15
71	200	210	225
72	210	231	234
73	206	234	247
74	210	222	235
75	194	219	218
76	218	243	223
77	214	230	227
78	222	225	210
79	198	200	201
80	203	223	231
Mean	207	224	225
SD	9	12	13

Control group	Day(s) relative to littering
	1	4
11	286	309
12	323	330
13	325	311
14	331	327
15	311	322
16	282	302
17	309	327
18	312	328
19	315	331
20	300	329
Mean	309	322
SD	16	10

1000 mg/kg bw	Day(s) relative to littering
	1	4
71	270	281
72	339	301
73	289	309
75	289	317
77	253	247
78	280	271
79	290	296
80	293	308
Mean	288	291
SD	24	23

Relative food consumption of females between day 1 and 4 of lactation

Control group		1000 mg/kg bw
11	122	71	115
12	91	72	96
13	105	73	63
14	107	75	110
15	106	77	30
16	121	78	63
17	114	79	98
18	100	80	110
19	101
20	126
Mean	109	Mean	86
SD	11	SD	30

Viability index [%], day 1 to 4 of lactation

Control group		1000 mg/kg bw
11	93	71	93
12	100	72	100
13	100	73	0
14	93	74	not pregnant
15	100	75	100
16	100	76	not pregnant
17	100	77	0
18	93	78	no viable pubs
19	89	79	100
20	100	80	100
Mean	96	Mean	70
SD	4	SD	48

Summary of Live Birth Index, Pre-implantation loss, and Post-implantation loss in female animals

	Control group	100 mg/kg bw	300 mg/kg bw	1000 mg/kg bw
Live Birth Index
Mean	100	100	100	86
SD	0	0	0	35
Total %^1	100	100	100	91
Pre-implantation loss
Mean	2.4	18.3	0.6	8.1
SD	3.1	26.0	2.0	9.8
Total %^2	2.5	20.3**	0.7	9.1*
Post-implantation loss
Mean	7.6	9.0	7.5	20.8
SD	10.5	14.8	8.8	32.9
Total %^3	7.6	10.2	7.7	21.7**

*:p < 0.05 / **: p < 0.01, Chi²-test

#1: based on the total number of live born pups and the total number of pups at birth (alive and dead)

#2: based on the total number of corpora lutea and the total number of implantation sites

#3: based on the total number of implantation sites and the total number of live born pups