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EC number: 231-635-3 | CAS number: 7664-41-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Genotoxicity in vitro
No evidence of mutagenicity was seen in a guideline-comparable Ames test performed with anhydrous ammonia (Shimizu et al, 1985) or in a guideline-compliant Ames test with the read-across substance ammonium sulphate (BASF, 1989). Similarly, there was no evidence of mutagenicity in a non-standard study using E. coli (Szybalski, 1958).
Genotoxicity in vivo
No evidence of an increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was seen in a mouse micronucleus assay performed with the read-across compound ammonium chloride (Hayashi et al, 1988).
Ammonia is a simple molecule and does not possess any structural alerts for genotoxicity. Ammonia is present at relatively low levels in the systemic circulation as a consequence of protein catabolism (largely in the liver) and is also present at higher levels in the hepatic portal circulation due to the breakdown of urea by gastrointestinal bacteria. The ubiquitous presence of ammonia in the leads to the conclusion that it is unlikely to be genotoxic. The WHO evaluation (EHC 54, 1986) concludes that there is no evidence that ammonia is mutagenic in mammals. A UK Health Protection Agency (HPA) evaluation similarly concludes that ammonia does not have significant mutagenic potential.
Short description of key information:
Anhydrous ammonia is not considered to be genotoxic based on the results of studies in vitro and in vivo with the substances aqueous ammonia, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate.
Endpoint Conclusion: No adverse effect observed (negative)
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification is proposed for anhydrous ammonia: there is no evidence for genotoxicity in studies performed in vitro or in vivo.
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