Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 268-615-9 | CAS number: 68131-33-9 The solution formed by reacting the sodium salts of green liquor with calcium hydroxide.
Toxicological Summary
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
White liquor is registered as a transported isolated intermediate and is manufactured and consumed during its whole life cycle under strictly controlled conditions. The estimation of systemic and local effects and derivation of DN(M)ELs is required for the chemcal safety assessment (CSA) of substances manufactured/imported/used in quantities from 10 t/a onwards. CSA does not need to be performed for transported isolated intermediates.
There were no published investigations of the toxicity of White liquor according to a literature search, and the toxicological information is based on the Key studies of a representative sample of White liquor, conducted by Seibersdorf Labor GLP laboratory during 2009 -2010, and the information on the maximum expected concentrations of the identified main components of White liquor holding a harmonised classification.
Acute toxicity, oral
Based on the results of skin irritation/corrosion White liquor is classified as corrosive, and therefore acute toxicity (oral) was not tested. No additional information of acute toxicity was available. However, it should be noted that White liquor may release very toxic and extremely flammable hydrogen sulfide gas in contact with acids.
The classification for acute toxicity of white liquor is based on ingredients and read-across information to green liquor test results due to lack of available test data for the white liquor. Toxicity testing via oral and dermal routes is not applicable due to the highly alkaline and corrosive properties of white liquor. Read-across to green liquor for the already available short term rat study (OECD 423, LD50 750 mg/kg in rat GL dry solids) is also applicable to assess the acute toxicity of white liquor and to determine the specific concentration limits for classification based on sulfide content.
Substance | Classification | Specific concentration limits for sulfide (S2-) content in white liquor | Hazard Codes/Statement |
Sulfite liquors and Cooking liquors, white | Acute Tox. 3 Acute Tox. 4 | C ≥ 21 % 3 % ≤ C < 21 % | H301, Toxic if swallowed H302, Harmful if swallowed |
Acute toxicity, dermal
Test results are not available for dermal toxicity for white liquor. Of the main components of white liquor only sodium sulfide (EC 215-211-5) has a harmonized CLP classification of Acute Tox. 3 via dermal route. The Acute Toxicity Estimate of the mixture is determined by calculation from the ATE values for the relevant ingredients. Converted acute toxicity point estimate for classified dermal Acute Tox Cat 3 substances is 300 mg/kg (bw) (CLP table 3.1.2). Calculation of the dermal toxicity ATE values for white liquor dry solids obtained the following results.
Substance | Classification | Specific concentration limits for sulfide content in white liquor | Hazard Codes/Statement |
Sulfite liquors and Cooking liquors, white | Acute Tox. 3 Acute Tox. 4 | C ≥ 12 % 6 % ≤ C <12% | H311: Toxic in contact with skin H312: Harmful in contact with skin |
Corrosivity
Determination of pH and alkaline reserve:
The pH of a 10 % (w/w) aqueous solution of White liquor was 12.67, which is higher than 11, and thus the alkaline reserve was determined. The pH + 1/12 alkaline reserve was 13.89 which is below the threshold of 14.5 for classification as corrosive and the pH + 1/6 alkaline reserve was 15.06 which is above the threshold of 13 for classification as irritant.
Skin irritation and corrosion:
Skin irritation/corrosion test was conducted to White liquor (EC 440/2008 B.40 BIS). According to the test results White liquor is regarded as corrosive to skin.
Eye irritation:
A skin corrosive substance is considered to also cause serioues eye damage, which is indicated in the hazard statement for skin corrosion. No separate experimental test is required.
Genetic toxicity:
According to bacterial mutagenicity test results (Ames test with Salomonella typhimurium) with and without metabolic activation, White liquor did not show any mutagenic activity.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
